共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
I. Potrykus P. K. Burkhardt S. K. Datta J. Fütterer G. C. Ghosh-Biswas A. Klöti G. Spangenberg J. Wünn 《Euphytica》1955,85(1-3):441-449
Summary Indica-type rice provides the staple food for two billion people in Third World countries. Several problems involved in the stable and sustained production of high quality food cannot be solved by traditional breeding. Methods have been established for gene transfer to Indica rice breeding lines to study possible contributions from genetic engineering. Experiments are in progress on the development of transgenic resistance towards Yellow Stem Borer, resistance towards Rice Tungro Virus, accumulation of provitamin A in the endosperm, increase of essential amino acids in the endosperm such as lysine, cysteine and methionine and resistance towards fungal pests such as Rice Blast and Sheath Blight. Transgenic clones from Indica rice breeding lines have been recovered from several of the approaches mentioned, some of which have been regenerated to plants. 相似文献
2.
Summary The use of transgenic plants in breeding makes it possible to utilise a wide variety of novel genes from unrelated plants, microbes and animals. Because of the diversity of genes that have now become available for modifying crop plants, it is agreed internationally that there should be a risk assessment before transgenic plants are grown outside the laboratory or glasshouse. Various aspects are considered in a risk assessment including any non-target effects of the transgene, changes in plant persistence and invasiveness, and the possibility of movement of the transgenes to wild populations by cross pollination. It is generally argued that the need for risk assessment and regulation should be determined by an analysis of certain products of transformation, rather than a risk assessment being required for all plants modified by the process of transformation. A possible consequence of considering the product only, however, could be that some of the products of conventional breeding may need to be assessed by the risk assessment procedures developed for transgenic plants. There are discussions with interest groups on the use of transgenic plants in the environment and in food products. It is likely that some form of labelling will be required for certain foods containing ethically-sensitive genes. There is little doubt that transgenic plants will make a significant contribution to agriculture in the coming decades. Developments in the patenting of genes, release regulations, food labelling, consumer reaction etc., will influence the rate of progress and should be considered in the strategic planning of plant breeding programmes. 相似文献
3.
Gan-Yuan Zhong 《Euphytica》2001,118(2):137-144
Transgene technology provides a powerful tool for developing traits that are otherwise difficult to achieve through conventional
breeding. In order to effectively apply the technology to breeding, we need to understand how transgenes behave in plants.
Transgenes may or may not follow Mendelian segregation; their expression can be significantly affected by integration positions
and structures of the transgenic DNA in host genomes; transgenes may become unstable over generations, genetic background
sand environmental conditions; and they may have significantly negative impact on expression of endogenous genes. If not well
understood, the sehurdles could become significant barriers in transgenic breeding. This paper reviews some genetic issues
and pitfalls that are often encountered in transgenic breeding. Because of the necessity of being brief, transgene expression,
silencing, and breeding are the three areas of focuses in this discussion. While molecular mechanisms underlying many of the
transgenic phenomena have not been completely understood, some practical ‘rules’ are now available for creating, evaluating
and selecting desirable transgenic transformants. It can be certain that with more transgenic plants generated and characterized
our knowledge of transgene genetics at both molecular and plant levels will continue to accumulate.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
4.
Y. Okada M. Nishiguchi A. Saito T. Kimura M. Mori K. Hanada J. Sakai Y. Matsuda T. Murata 《Plant Breeding》2002,121(3):249-253
Viral diseases of sweet potato are very prevalent and often seriously damaging to the plants. In particular, the severe strain of the sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV‐S) causes ‘obizyo‐sohi’ disease in Japan. In order to confer viral resistance against SPFMV using current biotechnology, a transgenic sweet potato has been produced, introducing hygromycin‐resistant (hpt) and SPFMV‐S coat protein (CP) genes, which have shown a significant resistance to SPFMV‐S. In the breeding programme, it is important to confirm that the viral resistance conferred in T0 plants can be inherited by their progeny. In the present study, progeny were obtained from crosses between the transgenic T0 and a non‐transgenic variety of sweet potato. The results showed that the CP gene was inherited by the next generation and that the stability of viral resistance was also confirmed. Thus, this production system for the virus‐resistant transgenic sweet potato is useful in practical breeding. 相似文献
5.
With advances in recombinant DNA methods and transformation procedures, it is possible to transfer genes into crop plants from unrelated plants, microbes and animals. Many of the modifications being carried out, or envisaged, are for disease and pest resistance, product quality and tolerance to environmental stress, but there are additional opportunities to modify crops to give specialized products for industrial or pharmaceutical use. Some of the characteristics of transgenic plants are considered, including: transgene copy number, position, expression, stability, pleiotropy, selectable marker genes and somaclonal variation. There have been several hundreds of field trials with transgenic plants, and the first transgenic varieties are likely to be approved for commercial production in 1993. Before releasing transgenic plants, it is necessary to carry out a risk assessment to determine whether the transgenic variety will behave differently from a conventionally bred variety. Assessment procedures are being harmonized internationally by various organizations. There is a growing commitment to apply these genetic modification methods to crops in developing countries, as genes relevant to their crops and environments become available. 相似文献
6.
棉花是重要的经济作物,实现既抗病又早熟是棉花重要的育种目标,但棉花抗病与早熟基因之间的关联性研究报道甚少。本课题组前期鉴定到一个响应黄萎病菌诱导的丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶基因GbSTK,可以提高转基因拟南芥的黄萎病抗性。本研究发现多个抗病棉花品种中STK基因的表达量显著高于感病对照品种H208。在抗病品种农大601中沉默STK基因,沉默植株在接菌后20d,其黄萎病抗性显著降低,病情指数由27.5(耐病)升高到63.2(感病),表明该基因正向调控棉花黄萎病抗性。对转GbSTK基因拟南芥表型鉴定发现,其开花时莲座叶片数平均为7.5个,显著低于空载体对照植株(11.9个),转基因植株开花时间较对照平均提早5~7 d。进一步对拟南芥开花途径标志基因FT、SOC1和LFY的转录水平检测发现,转基因不同株系中FT和SOC1的表达水平显著高于对照植株,而LFY基因的表达受影响较小,表明STK基因可以影响开花关键基因FT和SOC1的表达,进而调控植株提早开花。基于酵母双杂交互作蛋白筛选试验,初步获得30个与GbSTK具有互作关系的候选蛋白,为进一步揭示GbSTK的分子调控网络奠定了基础。本研究首次鉴定出可同时提高黄萎病抗性和提早开花的一个功能基因,为棉花抗病早熟遗传改良提供了参考依据。 相似文献
7.
The commercial and economic value of genetically modified crops is determined by a predictable, consistent and stable transmission
and expression of the transgenes in successive generations. No gene inactivation is expected after selfings or crosses with
non-transformed plants of homozygous transgenic oilseed rape plants if the expression of the transgene in homozygous or hemizygous
nature in such plants is stable. The segregation ratios of phosphinothricin (PPT) tolerance in successive generations of selfings
and mutual crosses of a few independent transgenic PPT-tolerant oilseed rape plants indicated a dominant, monogenic inheritance.
In within-variety and between-variety crosses no transgene inactivation was observed. However, after selfings and backcrosses
with non-transgenic oilseed rape infrequent loss of the expression of the PPT tolerance transgene was observed independent
from its homozygous or hemizygous nature. Molecular analysis of PPT-susceptible plants showed that the loss of expression
was due to gene inactivation and not to the absence of the transgene. Methylation and co-suppression are mechanisms that might
cause reduced or even loss of expression of the transgene in later generations. The implications of this observation for seed
multiplication of varieties and breeding activities with transgenic oilseed rape are discussed.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
8.
CUI Jing WANG Zhi-Cheng ZHANG Xin-Yu KE Hui-Feng WU Li-Qiang WANG Xing-Fen ZHANG Gui-Yin MA Zhi-Ying ZHANG Yan 《作物学报》1962,47(1):30-41
Cotton is an important cash crop, and achieving disease resistance as well as early maturity is an important breeding goal. However, the molecular relationship between disease resistance and early maturity of cotton is still a research gap. In previous study, we identified a GbSTK gene response to V. dahliae that could enhance Verticillium wilt resistance in transgenic Arabidopsis. In this study, we found that GbSTK was more highly expressed in resistance and/or tolerant varieties than in susceptible varieties. Knocking down of GbSTK expression in Nongda 601 showed that the silenced plants displayed serious disease symptoms, with disease index from 27.5 (tolerant) to 63.2 (susceptible), suggesting that GbSTK positively regulates cotton Verticillium wilt resistance. More interesting, we found that GbSTK could promote the development of Arabidopsis. At the flowering time point, the average number of rosette leaves in transgenic lines was 7.5, significantly less than the mock plants, and the transgenic plants bloomed five to seven days earlier than the control. The FT and SOC1 gene, regarded as marker genes in Arabidopsis flowering signaling pathway, maintained higher expression level in transgenic lines than in the mock, indicating that GbSTK could accelerate flowering via regulating FT and SOC1 gene expression. We also obtained 30 candidate proteins that could interacted with GbSTK via yeast double hybrid test, which helped to further revealing the molecular regulatory network of GbSTK. Taken together, we first identified a functional gene that could improve disease resistance and early flowering, which would provide a reference for genetic improvement of cotton disease resistant and early maturity. 相似文献
9.
GUS基因和NPTⅡ基因表达的相关性及其在转基因棉花检测研究中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用农杆菌介导转化法,将含有35S启动子驱动NPTII基因和GUS基因以及棉纤维特异表达启动子E6驱动目的基因FB的植物表达载体转入到常规棉花R15中.重点分析了GUS基因和NPTII基因在愈伤诱导阶段、T0代及T1代转基因棉花中的表达情况.综合两个基因的表达来进行转基因棉花的阳性鉴定,可以为转基因棉花后代的纯合选育提供双重保障.7个转基因株系选育到T3代共获得株行51个,卡那霉素检测多数株行阳性率在90%以上,其中21个株行阳性率达100%. 相似文献
10.
Phytohormones, a group of structurally unrelated small molecules are plant-signalling compounds that trigger induced resistance against certain pathogens and herbivores. The hormones jasmonic acid (JA), ABA, salicilic acid (SA) and ethylene (ET) are known to play major roles in regulating plant defence responses. In order to determine the changes in growth and in the chlorophyll content induced by the exogenous application of these elicitors, a set of DH lines of the Oregon-Wolfe Barley mapping population, previously screened to locate aphid resistant genes, was investigated. The aim of the current research was to map the induced defence genes and to reveal the relationship with aphid resistance. There were highly significant differences between controls and hormone treated plants in the aerial fresh and dry weights (AFW, ADW), the foliar area (FA) and the root dry weight (RDW). More than 15 JA and ET-induced lines exceeded the chlorophyll (Ch) values of their controls. Most of the plant traits were associated with the same genetic windows on chromosomes 3H, 5H and 7H in the controls and hormone treated plants. QTL(s) identified on chromosome 3H and 5H explained most of the variation of AFW, ADW, FA and RDW of controls and treated plants. QTL(s) located on chromosome 5H were associated with the variation of chlorophyll contents on JA-treated plants. The Ch in ET and ABA-treated plants was associated with two different regions on chromosome 7H. One of the latter genetic windows also explained the variation of RDW of ET- and ABA-treated plants. A sequence homology search was performed to derive the putative function of the genes linked to the QTLs. Several QTLs were identified located close to aphid resistance genes previously mapped. This is the first report of genes associated with hormone response in barley that could be involved with insect resistance. Those recombinant lines carrying the appropriate alleles could be useful for breeding barley to enlarge the genetic base of defence against stress. 相似文献
11.
OsBTF3基因在水稻光合作用和生长发育中的功能 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了揭示转录因子OsBTF3在水稻生长发育中的功能,比较分析了OsBTF3过量表达和RNAi转基因水稻T1代株系叶片生长和株型发育的表型。结果表明,与野生型对照株相比,过量表达株系在叶绿素含量、叶绿体数量、光合速率、叶片大小、株高、节间长方面显著增加或增强; 而RNAi株系的明显降低或减弱。OsBTF3基因的增量或减量表达显著影响水稻光合作用、叶片生长和株型发育。说明OsBTF3在水稻生长发育中具有重要调控功能,可能在水稻转基因分子育种方面具有潜在的应用价值。 相似文献
12.
Specialised plant pathogens are in many ways adapted to exploit their host plants. Infective propagules should reach the appropriate
plant tissue, gain access to the tissue and negate or suppress various kinds of constitutive and inducible resistance mechanisms.
The resistance type most frequently deployed in plant breeding is the race-specific resistance, where a hypersensitive response
of plant tissue is elicited by an avirulence factor produced by the pathogen. The great disadvantage of this type of resistance
is, that it is often ephemeral. Detailed screening of germplasm may result in the discovery of alternative defence mechanisms
not associated with hypersensitivity, that may be durable. Avoidance mechanisms may reduce the chance of infection. Upright
plant habit has been reported to decrease spore deposition in cereals. Crop architecture may also affect aspects such as humidity
and aeration in the crop, and hence the chances for successful infection by pathogen propagules. Other examples of avoidance
are leaf surface properties that interfere with leaf wettability, germ tube orientation and finding of stomata to enter the
leaf. Stomata in some accessions of Hordeum chilense are excessively covered by cuticular wax that prevent rust fungal germ tubes from perceiving the stomata, resulting in failure
of penetration of the pathogen into the leaf. There is evidence that incompatible host species, biotrophic pathogenic fungi
induce basic compatibility by suppressing defence mechanisms. Failure of this induction results in abortion of the infection
attempt. Several cases of apparently durable resistance are discussed that are based on failure of haustorium formation, and
are not associated with hypersensitivity. They may represent cases where the pathogen has problems in establishing basic compatibility.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
13.
观赏植物种类繁多,在这些植物的育种、销售及栽培过程中,与植物病害相关的各种病原物也被广泛传播。因此,培育抗病品种一直是园艺育种工作者的重要目标性状之一。在粮食作物中,抗病育种方面已经投入了很大的人力物力,新的生物技术不断被用于作物新品种的培育。但对于观赏植物而言,这些新技术应用范围还极为有限。本综述对园艺植物抗病育种现状进行了总结,并对育种前景进行了预测。 相似文献
14.
Josias C. Faria Paula A. M. R. Valdisser Elsa O. P. L. Nogueira Francisco J. L. Aragão 《Plant Breeding》2014,133(5):649-653
Bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV) is the causal agent of bean golden mosaic of common beans. A transgenic bean line that has been developed based on RNA interference to silence the BGMV rep gene showed immunity to the virus. Crosses were done between the transgenic line and six bean cultivars followed by four backcrosses to the commercial cultivars ‘Pérola’ and ‘BRS Pontal’. The transgene locus was consistently inherited from the crosses analysed in a Mendelian fashion in the segregating populations. The disease resistance reaction co‐inherited with the transgene. Nevertheless, the expression of disease resistance displayed a dosage effect phenomenon in the F1 generation. The analysis of the homozygous near‐isogenic lines in field conditions, under high BGMV disease incidence, indicated that the transgenic lines were completely resistant. These results show the strength of the disease resistance obtained, the stability of the trait across generations and its usefulness in the management of a disease for which there is no reported Phaseolus germplasm with immunity. 相似文献
15.
干旱缺水等自然灾害会导致小麦产量年度间变幅较大,尤其在小麦主产区黄淮地区更为严重。小麦抗旱节水育种是应对干旱的重大措施。本综述对小麦抗旱节水常规育种、抗旱节水分子遗传育种相关性状QTL定位、抗旱相关功能基因克隆鉴定、转基因等方面的研究进展进行了综述。水旱亲本杂交与异地交叉选择是卓有成效的常规育种方法,通过分子标记鉴定了关于根重、根长、胚芽鞘、高水分利用效率等相关性状的大量QTL;42个抗旱相关基因被克隆并进行基因功能分析和验证,均从不同代谢通路上影响着小麦抗旱性;14个来自不同供体的抗旱相关基因被研究者导入小麦品种后,转基因小麦植株的抗旱能力均得到不同程度的提高,部分植株在产量和其它抗逆性方面也得到提高。以上研究进展为抗旱节水小麦分子设计育种提供了理论依据和发展方向。 相似文献
16.
17.
Raviraj M. Kalunke Michela Janni Stefano Benedettelli Renato D’Ovidio 《Euphytica》2013,194(3):443-457
Several approaches are available to achieve multi-transgene-stacking in plants for the introduction of complex or multiple traits. We used co-transformation with multiple plasmids using particle bombardment and hybridization of plants carrying separate transgenes in wheat. In the co-transformation approach, four constructs containing the defence genes Pvpgip2, Acpmei, Taxi-III or Xip-III and the bar gene were co-bombarded into immature embryos of durum or common wheat. The four transgenes integrated into the wheat genome at co-transformation frequencies of 58 and 27 % in durum and common wheat, respectively. Segregation analysis of the T1 and T2 generations showed that 45–90 % of the progeny inherited all four transgenes together in both durum and common wheat. In the hybridization approach, pyramiding of Pvpgip2, Acpmei and Taxi-III was achieved by crossing durum wheat plants containing the Pvpgip2 and Acpmei transgenes with transgenic plants carrying Taxi-III. Segregation analysis showed that only 4.5 % of the progeny inherited all four transgenes together, including the bar gene. Co-expression analyses of Pvpgip2, Acpmei and Taxi-III or Xip-III showed loss of mRNA or protein activity in the progenies of both transgenic and hybrid wheat lines. Particle bombardment yielded progenies with either tightly linked transgenes or with different transgene combinations that could be useful in research applications. However, its efficiency was constrained by the occurrence of transgene silencing. 相似文献
18.
获得转化梨几丁质酶基因Lchi1的烟草,检测组成型表达Lchi1基因烟草是否能提高对梨腐烂病菌(Valsa ceratosperma)的抗性,从而初步确定Lchi1基因的功能,为进一步开展梨抗腐烂病分子育种工作提供参考。构建梨几丁质酶基因Lchi1的植物表达载体,通过农杆菌介导的叶盘法转化烟草,进而对转化的烟草T2代进行PCR及RT-PCR检测。利用离体叶片接种法,更直观地验证转基因烟草对梨腐烂病菌的抗性。Lchi1基因已经整合到烟草基因组中,并在烟草T2代中有效表达,在接种腐烂病菌后转基因烟草较未转基因烟草的抗腐烂病菌能力明显增强。梨几丁质酶基因Lchi1与腐烂病抗性相关联,可作为今后梨的抗腐烂病分子育种研究重要的基因来源。 相似文献
19.
Pollen-mediated transgene flow in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
D. Giannino C. Nicolodi G. Testone E. Di Giacomo M. A. Iannelli G. Frugis D. Mariotti 《Plant Breeding》2008,127(3):308-314
20.
Jari P.T. Valkonen 《Breeding Science》2015,65(1):69-76
Potato virus Y (PVY) and Potato mop-top virus (PMTV) are viruses whose geographical distribution is expanding and economic losses are increasing, in contrast to most of other viruses infecting potato crops. Most potato cultivars lack broad-spectrum resistance to the new, genetically complex strains of PVY, and no efficient resistance to PMTV is known in potato. Control of the vectors of these viruses is not an efficient or possible strategy to prevent infections. Studies on molecular virus-host interactions can discover plant genes that are important to viral infection or antiviral defence. Both types of genes may be utilized in resistance breeding, which is discussed in this paper. The advanced gene technologies provide means to fortify potato cultivars with effective virus resistance genes or mutated, non-functional host factors that interfere with virus infection. 相似文献