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Flag Leaf Senescence, as Evaluated by Numerical Image Analysis, and its Relationship with Yield under Drought in Durum Wheat 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
M. Hafsi W. Mechmeche L. Bouamama A. Djekoune M. Zaharieva P. Monneveux 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2000,185(4):275-280
Senescence was evaluated at different stages of the grain‐filling period in eight durum wheat varieties using numerical image analysis (NIA). The varieties were grown under early, severe drought conditions on the high plains of Sétif in Algeria. After flowering, three different irrigation treatments were applied. Treatment effect was small, while a genotypic effect was noted for most of the senescence parameters. Senescence correlated to biomass, while the maximal rate of senescence, Vsmax, correlated to thousand‐kernel weight. The potential of the method of numerical image analysis for monitoring flag leaf senescence, detecting genotypic variability and selecting genotypes with delayed senescence is discussed. 相似文献
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4PU-30延缓杂交水稻叶片衰老的效果与作用 总被引：24，自引：2，他引：22
用４ＰＵ－３０喷施抽穗后１０天的杂交水稻植株,可显著延缓叶片衰老,表现为叶片衰老过程中叶绿素的降解明显减缓,同时,明显抑制衰老期间叶片超氧物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）,过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）活性下降和脂质过氧化作用产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）增加,表明４ＰＵ－３０延缓叶片衰老与调节活性氧代谢有关,４ＰＵ－３０还能提高叶片光合速率和果糖１,６－二磷酸酯酶（ＦＢＰａｓｅ）活性,促进籽粒灌浆和干物质积累,增加粒重和产量。 相似文献
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不同施氮时期对冬小麦根系衰老的影响 总被引：39，自引：3，他引：39
采用温室盆栽和田间土柱栽培的方法研究了不同施氮时期对冬小麦根系衰老的影响。结果表明,冬小麦根系从开花后14天开始加速衰老,与籽粒灌浆速率高峰期相对应。20～40cm和40～100cm土层根衰老迟于0～20cm土层根。根系衰老与旗叶衰老、及与籽粒灌浆速率密切相关。20～40cm和40～100cm土层中的根对旗叶衰老有较大影响;在籽粒形成期,0～20cm土层根对粒重形成的作用大,到灌浆期,20～40cm和40～60cm土层根对粒重形成起重要作用。鲁215953和鲁麦14品种分别于拔节期和挑旗期追施氮肥,可延缓小麦根系的衰老,提高籽粒灌浆速率,增加粒重和产量。 相似文献
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Late‐season photosynthetic rate and senescence were associated with grain yield in winter wheat of diverse origins 
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下载免费PDF全文 There is a lack of studies that have investigated grain yield, its components and photosynthesis in late stages of wheat growth, giving us insufficient understanding of how these factors interact to contribute to yield during this period. As a result, three field experiments were carried out examining 20 winter wheat genotypes of diverse origins under irrigated, terminal drought and dryland conditions in the southern Idaho. Our objective was to evaluate the interaction between post‐anthesis physiological traits, especially leaf‐level photosynthetic capacity, senescence and yield components on grain yield in different moisture regimes. Genotype differences were found in leaf‐level photosynthesis and senescence, canopy temperature depression, grain yield and yield components in each water regime. Grain yield was closely associated with traits related to grain numbers. In all three moisture regimes, positive correlations were observed between grain yield and photosynthesis that were dependent on the timing or physiological growth stage of the photosynthetic measurement: highly significant correlations were found in the mid‐ and late grain filling stages, but no correlations at anthesis. Consistent with these findings, flag leaf senescence at the late grain filling stage was negatively correlated with grain yield and photosynthetic rate (under terminal drought and dryland conditions). These findings provided evidence that grain yield was sink‐limited until the final stages of growth, at which time sustained photosynthesis and delayed senescence were critical in filling grain. Because the trends were consistent in moisture sufficient and deficient conditions, the results suggest that late‐season photosynthesis and delayed leaf senescence are driven by the size of the reproductive carbon sink, which was largely governed by factors affecting grain numbers. 相似文献
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免耕抛秧水稻的大穗优势及形成机理研究 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
在田间条件下,连续4年对免耕抛秧水稻的大穗优势及形成机理进行了研究。结果表明,与常耕抛秧水稻相比,免耕抛秧水稻的每穗总粒数更多,表现出明显的大穗优势。免耕抛秧水稻的分蘖位较低,后期积累干物质和养分的能力强,后期生理代谢旺盛、生理功能强,剑叶衰老慢,能充分保证籽粒生长等是免耕抛秧水稻大穗优势形成的内在生理原因。 相似文献
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不同灌水方式对水稻生育特性及水分利用率的影响 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
以冈优527、D优363、汕优63为材料,设4个不同水分灌溉方式,研究了不同灌溉方式下水稻生育特性、产量和水分利用率。结果表明:与淹水灌溉相比,湿润灌溉(前期) 浅水灌溉(孕穗期) 干湿交替灌溉(抽穗-成熟期)的灌溉方式,可促进叶片和根系生长,剑叶叶绿素含量和净光合速率高,有利于干物质积累;植株生理活动旺盛;其有效穗、结实率、千粒重、产量和水分利用率均高于淹水灌溉。湿润灌溉有利于根系生长,延缓根系和叶的衰老;产量和水分利用率比淹水灌溉略高。旱种抑制水稻根系生长和地上部干物质积累,产量和水分利用率比淹水灌溉显著降低。因此,湿润灌溉(前期) 浅水灌溉(孕穗期) 干湿交替灌溉(抽穗-成熟期)的灌溉方式更有利于稻株生长发育、产量和水分利用率的提高。冈优527、D优363的水分利用率显著高于汕优63。 相似文献
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经长期观察发现, 某些小麦品种的部分主茎或分蘖(异常茎)具旗叶较倒二叶先衰老的特征, 与常见的叶片衰老次序相反。为揭示这类品种的生物学特性, 探讨其理论意义和应用价值, 2005-2011连续6年, 以正常小麦为对照, 对其异常茎的叶绿素含量、光合特性参数、灌浆速率和粒重进行了比较研究。结果表明, 旗叶先衰型小麦异常茎的叶绿素含量、蒸腾速率、净光合速率在结实期的一定阶段呈现倒二叶超越旗叶; 异常茎上的根、茎、叶较正常茎发育充分且较为发达, 其灌浆速率也比正常茎快, 因而一些重要农艺性状较正常茎为优。上述表型的出现可能与特殊的灌浆机制相关, 不同于正常小麦旗叶作为向籽粒输送养分的主源于结实全程发挥作用的模式, 并最终造成他们的籽粒体积、千粒重和穗粒重分别比正常小麦高9.64%、10.35%和8.43%。对这类小麦的深入研究有助于完善小麦生长发育、灌浆结实以及衰老机制理论, 促进小麦产量的进一步提高。 相似文献
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灌浆期高温对小麦旗叶与非叶器官光合和抗氧化酶活性的影响 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
为揭示小麦叶与非叶器官抗氧化系统对灌浆期高温胁迫的反应特征,探讨不同品种和不同器官耐热性差异机制,以小麦强耐热品种石家庄8号和弱耐热性品种河农341为材料,于灌浆期用塑料膜搭棚进行增温处理(花后第8天至第22天),研究高温胁迫对旗叶光合速率(Pn)、叶绿素含量、旗叶和非叶器官中丙二醛(MDA)和脯氨酸(Pro)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性的影响。高温处理下,两品种Pn比正常温度下(对照)低18.7%~24.9%,叶绿素含量低5.7%~6.2%;旗叶、旗叶鞘、穗下节、颖片和籽粒的MDA含量和Pro含量均升高,其中MDA升高幅度为旗叶非叶器官,Pro升高幅度为非叶器官旗叶。旗叶、颖片、籽粒的SOD活性和旗叶、旗叶鞘、籽粒的CAT活性以及旗叶、旗叶鞘、颖片的POD活性在高温胁迫初期即诱导增强,而其他器官的抗氧化酶活性则在高温持续一段时间后诱导增强,之后随着高温的持续各器官抗氧化酶活性多表现为低于对照,高温解除后旗叶鞘、穗下节、颖片的SOD活性和旗叶、颖片、籽粒的POD活性有恢复迹象,高温对其他器官的SOD和POD活性以及所有器官的CAT活性造成不可逆影响;总体来看,非叶器官持续抗氧化能力和耐热性强于叶片。石家庄8号叶与非叶器官细胞膜稳定性、抗氧化酶活性均高于河农341,显示其整株耐热性强于河农341,这是石家庄8号在高温胁迫下产量下降幅度低于河农341的重要生理基础。因此认为,非叶器官在小麦适应灌浆期高温逆境中发挥重要作用。 相似文献
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直播种植模式下水稻剑叶光合、强弱势籽粒灌浆特性及产量的氮素调控 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨不同施氮水平对水稻剑叶光合、籽粒灌浆特性和产量的影响。以生育期较短的‘新稻567’、‘新稻568’和‘新科稻31’为试验材料,在直播种植模式下,设置3个施氮水平0、255、300 kg/hm2,分别测定抽穗后剑叶光合速率、强弱势籽粒灌浆速率和产量等指标,研究氮肥调控水稻产量的生理机制。结果表明,随着施氮量的增加,3个品种产量均呈先增加后降低的趋势;高效叶面积率和粒叶比表现为中氮水平较高,高氮水平较低。灌浆期剑叶光合速率呈先增加后降低趋势,不同氮肥处理间基本表现为中氮处理高于高氮处理;强弱势籽粒灌浆速率在整个灌浆期内呈开口向下的抛物线趋势,不同氮肥处理间的差异在灌浆盛期至灌浆中后期较大,表现为无氮和中氮处理高于高氮处理,灌浆末期处理间差异较小。产量与灌浆期剑叶光合速率呈正相关关系,与强弱势籽粒灌浆速率在灌浆初期呈负相关在灌浆中后期呈正相关关系。适度的氮肥施用量有利于提高直播水稻高效叶面积率、粒叶比,增加剑叶光合速率、强弱势籽粒灌浆速率,从而促进水稻高产。 相似文献
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氮素形态对小麦花后干物质积累与分配的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用随机区组试验,研究了铵态氮、硝态氮和酰胺态氮3种氮素形态对小麦花后干物质积累与分配的影响,结果表明：（1）小麦花后籽粒干重及地上部总干重随生育进程不断增加,而旗叶、穗下节、穗下鞘、颖壳的干重均随着生育进程呈下降趋势;（2）氮素形态对小麦花后干物质积累与分配有显著影响。硝态氮处理下小麦花后地上部总干物质量最高,并且随着生育进程,干物质在旗叶、穗下节、穗下鞘、颖壳中分配比例降低,在籽粒中的分配比例高于其它2个处理。（3）铵态氮、硝态氮和酰胺态氮3种氮素形态处理下小麦产量分别为7250.5kg/hm2、7575.3kg/hm2和7156.2 kg/hm2。在本试验条件下,硝态氮处理增产效果最佳,较酰胺态氮处理增产5.8%。 相似文献
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免耕抛栽对水稻产量及其源库特性的影响 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
于2005-2006年在双季稻田以翻耕处理为对照,研究了免耕抛栽对水稻产量及其源库特性的影响。结果表明, 每公顷有效穗数免耕抛秧处理略低于翻耕抛秧而高于翻耕移栽,结实率高于翻耕处理。随着免耕次数的增加,各处理产量基本持平。水稻一生中叶面积指数、抽穗后水稻群体光合势、势粒比、颖花伤流量、源库增量比和籽粒平均灌浆速率均免耕处理高于翻耕处理,而粒叶比则相反;剑叶中叶绿素含量以免耕高于翻耕,而丙二醛(MDA)含量以免耕低于翻耕。免耕抛栽水稻后期不易早衰,有利于同化物的转运和结实率的提高。 相似文献
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为探究促芽肥对头季稻的调控效应,以Ⅱ优1273为材料,在头季稻齐穗后18 d设置施用促芽肥和未施用促芽肥2种处理,采用比较蛋白质组学的方法和技术,并结合相关生理指标测定,分析了促芽肥对头季稻灌浆后期叶片蛋白质表达及相应生理特性的影响。不同促芽肥处理的头季稻灌浆后期叶片蛋白质经双向电泳分离后共获得了15个差异表达的蛋白质点,涉及头季稻灌浆后期叶片的光合碳同化、电子传递与光合磷酸化和抗逆抗衰老响应等,分析结果表明,头季稻后期剑叶中与光合碳同化、电子传递与光合磷酸化相关蛋白随灌浆进程呈下降趋势,施用促芽肥能明显减缓其下调幅度,从而使头季稻灌浆后期剑叶具有相对较高的叶绿素含量和净光合速率,提高了头季稻灌浆后期的干物质积累和源供应能力;还能明显提高头季稻灌浆后期剑叶中与抗性相关蛋白的表达量,从而增强稻株的活性氧清除能力,抑制功能叶的膜脂过氧化作用,延缓头季稻灌浆后期剑叶的衰老速率,从而显著提高了头季稻的结实率和产量。 相似文献
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Septoria nodorum leaf and glume blotch is an important disease of triticale (×_Triticosecale Wittm.) and can cause severe losses of grain yield in some regions. Quantitative genetic parameters for resistance were estimated for 2 years in two locations in triticale genotypes artificially inoculated with S. nodorum. The effect of infection was assessed by a visual symptom rating of flag leaves and spikes and by grain yield traits relative to an uninoculated control. The mean ratings of flag leaves and spikes, calculated from two to four ratings, were 2.6 and 3.9, respectively, with a range of six ratings for spikes and over five for flag leaves. Infection caused an 11.5% mean reduction in kernel weight per spike, which was the result of 13.2% lower 1000‐kernel weight. The number of kernels per spike and 50‐ml weight were little affected. For all relative grain yield traits, genotypic variation was small with high genotype‐environment interaction effects and thus moderate to low heritabilities. In contrast, for visual ratings genotypic variation was high, with low interaction effects leading to high heritabilities. Phenotypic correlation between flag leaf and spike ratings was low, indicating independent disease resistance mechanisms. The best association, although still moderate, was obtained between flag leaf rating and relative 1000‐kernel weight. Therefore, visual disease ratings do not satisfactorily assess the effect of Septoria infection on grain yield traits. The reduction in 1000‐kernel and possibly 50‐ml weight are good indicators, provided that multi‐environment tests are conducted. 相似文献
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Contribution of Different Organs to Grain Filling in Durum Wheat under Mediterranean Conditions I. Contribution of Post‐Anthesis Photosynthesis and Remobilization 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Under Mediterranean conditions, drought affects cereals production principally through a limitation of grain filling. In this study, the respective role of post‐anthesis photosynthesis and carbon remobilization and the contribution of flag leaf, stem, chaff and awns to grain filling were evaluated under Mediterranean conditions in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var. durum) cultivars. For the purpose, we examined the effects of shading and excision of different parts of the plant and compared carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) in dry matter of flag leaf, stem, chaff, awns and grain at maturity and in sap of stem, flag leaf, chaff and awns, this last measurement providing information on photosynthesis during a short period preceding sampling. Source–sink manipulations and isotopic imprints of different organs on final isotope composition of the grain confirmed the high contribution of both carbons assimilated by ears and remobilized from stems to grain filling, and the relatively low contribution of leaves to grain filling. Grain Δ was highly and significantly associated with grain yield across treatments, suggesting the utilization of this trait as an indicator of source–sink manipulations effects on grain yield. Chaff and awns Δ were better correlated with grain Δ than stem and leaf Δ, indicating that chaff were more involved in grain filling than other organs. Moreover, in chaff, sap Δ was highly significantly correlated with dry matter Δ. These results suggest the use of Δ for a rapid and non‐destructive estimation of the variation in the contribution of different organs to grain filling. 相似文献
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为研究滨海盐碱地对小麦产量的影响,选取8个小麦品种（系）在大田盐碱地上种植,并对其花后旗叶可溶性物质、灌浆速率的动态变化及单位面积穗数、千粒重、穗粒数等产量形成因素进行研究。结果表明,8个小麦品种（系）的可溶性物质、灌浆速率及产量等呈现不同的差异性。盐碱条件下随时间的延长可溶性蛋白含量降低,可溶性糖含量升高,灌浆速率呈单峰曲线变化趋势;盐碱条件下品种间穗粒数、千粒重差异不显著,而单位面积穗数差异显著。 相似文献
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