共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Coleman JN Lotya M O'Neill A Bergin SD King PJ Khan U Young K Gaucher A De S Smith RJ Shvets IV Arora SK Stanton G Kim HY Lee K Kim GT Duesberg GS Hallam T Boland JJ Wang JJ Donegan JF Grunlan JC Moriarty G Shmeliov A Nicholls RJ Perkins JM Grieveson EM Theuwissen K McComb DW Nellist PD Nicolosi V 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,331(6017):568-571
If they could be easily exfoliated, layered materials would become a diverse source of two-dimensional crystals whose properties would be useful in applications ranging from electronics to energy storage. We show that layered compounds such as MoS(2), WS(2), MoSe(2), MoTe(2), TaSe(2), NbSe(2), NiTe(2), BN, and Bi(2)Te(3) can be efficiently dispersed in common solvents and can be deposited as individual flakes or formed into films. Electron microscopy strongly suggests that the material is exfoliated into individual layers. By blending this material with suspensions of other nanomaterials or polymer solutions, we can prepare hybrid dispersions or composites, which can be cast into films. We show that WS(2) and MoS(2) effectively reinforce polymers, whereas WS(2)/carbon nanotube hybrid films have high conductivity, leading to promising thermoelectric properties. 相似文献
2.
Morawetz H 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1988,240(4849):172-176
Nonradiative energy transfer between fluorescent labels attached to polymers has been used to characterize polymer miscibility, the interpenetration of chain molecules in solution, micelle formation in graft copolymers, the unfolding of collapsed chain molecules in polymer melts, and the transfer of energy absorbed by a large number of donor labels to a small number of acceptors by an "antenna effect." The change in the emission spectrum after ionomer solutions with different fluorescent counterions were mixed provided rate constants for counterion interchange. The fluorescence behavior of dispersions of donor-labeled polymers stabilized by a graft copolymer with acceptor fluorophores in the solution phase led to inferences about the morphology of the dispersed particles. 相似文献
3.
Micrometer-sized bubbles are unstable and therefore difficult to make and store for substantial lengths of time. Short-term stabilization is achieved by the addition of amphiphilic molecules, which reduce the driving force for dissolution. When these molecules crystallize on the air/liquid interface, the lifetime of individual bubbles may extend over a few months. We demonstrated low gas-fraction dispersions with mean bubble radii of less than 1 micrometer and stability lasting more than a year. An insoluble, self-assembled surfactant layer covers the surface of the microbubbles, which can result in nanometer-scale hexagonal patterning that we explain with thermodynamic and molecular models. The elastic response of the interface arrests the shrinkage of the bubbles. Our study identifies a route to fabricate highly stable dispersions of microbubbles. 相似文献
4.
Brown HR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1994,263(5152):1411-1413
The interfacial shear stress that occurs when a network of a polymer that is highly mobile at the segment level (an elastomer) is slid over a smooth surface of an immobile (glassy) polymer has been measured. The glassy material is covered by a thin layer of end-attached chains of the mobile material. The experiment was designed so that there were no free chains at the interface; the slip occurred between network chains on the one side and rigid material plus end-attached mobile chains on the other side. Two main results were obtained. (i) The interfacial shear stress is strongly affected by the segment mobility of the materials on both sides of the slip plane, and considerably lower stress is observed when the materials on both sides of the interface are highly mobile. (ii) Very thin layers of tethered chains can increase the interfacial friction. Both results are relevant to the understanding of a number of practical situations that range from the operation of thin layers of lubricants, such as those found in magnetic storage devices, to the problem of wall slip and melt fracture in polymer processing. 相似文献
5.
聚合物复合材料界面粘合理论研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文章对聚合物复合材料界面粘合理论的研究进展进行了综述,认为各种理论均有一定的合理性及局限性,而在实际的复合材料中,其界面情况要比理论复杂得多,只有灵活运用各种粘接理论,才可加深对界面的理解.同时,文章对粘合理论的研究前景和发展方向进行了展望. 相似文献
6.
Fukushima T Kosaka A Ishimura Y Yamamoto T Takigawa T Ishii N Aida T 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,300(5628):2072-2074
When mixed with imidazolium ion-based room-temperature ionic liquid, pristine single-walled carbon nanotubes formed gels after being ground. The heavily entangled nanotube bundles were found to untangle within the gel to form much finer bundles. Phase transition and rheological properties suggest that the gels are formed by physical cross-linking of the nanotube bundles, mediated by local molecular ordering of the ionic liquids rather than by entanglement of the nanotubes. The gels were thermally stable and did not shrivel, even under reduced pressure resulting from the nonvolatility of the ionic liquids, but they would readily undergo a gel-to-solid transition on absorbent materials. The use of a polymerizable ionic liquid as the gelling medium allows for the fabrication of a highly electroconductive polymer/nanotube composite material, which showed a substantial enhancement in dynamic hardness. 相似文献
7.
Podsiadlo P Kaushik AK Arruda EM Waas AM Shim BS Xu J Nandivada H Pumplin BG Lahann J Ramamoorthy A Kotov NA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,318(5847):80-83
Nanoscale building blocks are individually exceptionally strong because they are close to ideal, defect-free materials. It is, however, difficult to retain the ideal properties in macroscale composites. Bottom-up assembly of a clay/polymer nanocomposite allowed for the preparation of a homogeneous, optically transparent material with planar orientation of the alumosilicate nanosheets. The stiffness and tensile strength of these multilayer composites are one order of magnitude greater than those of analogous nanocomposites at a processing temperature that is much lower than those of ceramic or polymer materials with similar characteristics. A high level of ordering of the nanoscale building blocks, combined with dense covalent and hydrogen bonding and stiffening of the polymer chains, leads to highly effective load transfer between nanosheets and the polymer. 相似文献
8.
Different polymers can be combined to yield a wide variety of composite materials: layered sheets and films, homogeneous and heterogeneous blends, interpenetrating polymer networks, bicomponent fibers, and others. Some properties of a multipolymer material are roughly additive, but synergistic interactions can yield properties and performances superior to those of the individual constituents. Consequently, the use of polymers in combination is a rapidly growing component of polymer materials technology. 相似文献
9.
将微晶纤维素溶于1鄄烯丙基鄄3鄄甲基氯代咪唑离子液体中,4鄄二甲氨基吡啶作为催化剂,采用开环聚合的方
法,成功合成了纤维素接枝L鄄聚乳酸和纤维素接枝DL鄄聚乳酸。采用核磁共振、广角X 射线衍射、差示扫描量热等
方法对聚合物进行表征。结果表明:2 种聚合物的玻璃化转变温度分别为45.6 和40.3 0 C,且均为无定形态;聚合
物的降解性随接枝率升高而降低;在酸液、酶液、碱液、PBS 缓冲液和水中,聚合物降解速率依次降低;聚合物具有
良好的降解性能,并且在生物降解材料方面具有潜在的应用前景。 相似文献
10.
Ghosal S Hemminger JC Bluhm H Mun BS Hebenstreit EL Ketteler G Ogletree DF Requejo FG Salmeron M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,307(5709):563-566
It has been suggested that enhanced anion concentrations at the liquid/vapor interface of airborne saline droplets are important to aerosol reactions in the atmosphere. We report ionic concentrations in the surface of such solutions. Using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy operating at near ambient pressure, we have measured the composition of the liquid/vapor interface for deliquesced samples of potassium bromide and potassium iodide. In both cases, the surface composition of the saturated solution is enhanced in the halide anion compared with the bulk of the solution. The enhancement of anion concentration is more dramatic for the larger, more polarizable iodide anion. By varying photoelectron kinetic energies, we have obtained depth profiles of the liquid/vapor interface. Our results are in good qualitative agreement with classical molecular dynamics simulations. Quantitative comparison between the experiments and the simulations indicates that the experimental results exhibit more interface enhancement than predicted theoretically. 相似文献
11.
12.
浓缩生物高分子稀溶液的新材料——浓缩剂的合成及其性能鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以丙烯酸为材料,研制成功了一种浓缩生物高分子稀溶液的新型材料——浓缩剂。在制备的干燥浓缩剂中,含有7％的丙烯酸时,可吸水130—150毫升/克干胶。含有5％的丙烯酸时,吸水量可达160毫升/克干胶。因此,吸水量与浓缩剂的用量成正比。稀溶液经浓缩后生物高分子的回收率达80—93％。具有简单、快速、效率高之优点。 相似文献
13.
采用研磨法,以聚乙二醇6000为载体,将竹红菌甲素制备为固体分散体,增加其在水溶液中的溶解度,提高其生物利用度。采用紫外-可见分光光度计和荧光分光光度计分别测定竹红菌甲素-聚乙二醇6000固体分散体的吸光度和荧光强度。通过正交试验设计的方差分析,得到该固体分散体的最优制备条件：药物和载体的比例（mg·mg-1）为1：1... 相似文献
14.
15.
张恩平 《信阳农业高等专科学校学报》2013,(3):100-103,124
-以信阳膨润土为原料，在交联剂N，N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、有机单体丙烯酸、引发剂过硫酸钾的作用下，合成具有特殊功能的高分子吸水材料。本实验主要采用阳离子对膨润土进行离子交换，有机单体丙烯酸在膨润土层间的插入以扩大膨润土的层间距，可以形成一种新型吸水材料。研究了膨润土用量、交联剂用量、引发剂用量、中和度、反应温度、离子强度等对吸水材料的影响。 相似文献
16.
Coexisting polymer phases are characterized by very small interfacial energies, even well below their critical solution temperature. This situation should readily lead to the exclusion of one of the phases from any interface that favors the other. Such complete wetting behavior from a binary mixture of statistical olefinic copolymers is reported. By means of a self-regulating geometry, it is found that the thickness of a wetting layer of one of the phases at the polymer-air interface, growing from the other coexisting phase, attains macroscopic dimensions, increasing logarithmically with time. These results indicate that binary polymer mixtures could be attractive models for the study of wetting phenomena. 相似文献
17.
Collagen molecules: distribution of alpha chains 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
To ascertain the distribution of alpha chains within the collagen molecule, intramolecular cross-links were introduced into tropocollagen by reacting formaldehyde with dilute homogeneous molecular dispersions of collagen extracted from lathyritic guinea pig skin. Denaturation, chromatography on carboxymethyl cellulose, measurement of molecular weight, and analyses of the amino acids of the cross-linked product indicate that most, if not all, of the collagen molecules consist of two alpha1 chains and one alpha2 chain [(alpha1)(2)(alpha2)(1)]. 相似文献
18.
Chen X Dam MA Ono K Mal A Shen H Nutt SR Sheran K Wudl F 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,295(5560):1698-1702
We have developed a transparent organic polymeric material that can repeatedly mend or "re-mend" itself under mild conditions. The material is a tough solid at room temperature and below with mechanical properties equaling those of commercial epoxy resins. At temperatures above 120 degrees C, approximately 30% (as determined by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) of "intermonomer" linkages disconnect but then reconnect upon cooling, This process is fully reversible and can be used to restore a fractured part of the polymer multiple times, and it does not require additional ingredients such as a catalyst, additional monomer, or special surface treatment of the fractured interface. 相似文献
19.
JH Golden FJ DiSalvo JMJ Frechet J Silcox M Thomas J Elman 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,273(5276):782-784
The preparation and analysis of inorganic-organic polymer nanocomposites consisting of inorganic nanowires and multiwire "cables" in a random-coil organic polymer host is reported. Dissolution of inorganic (LiMo3Se3)n wires in a strongly coordinating monomer, vinylene carbonate, and the use of a rapid polymerization in the presence of a cross-linking agent produce nanocomposites without phase separation. Polymerization of dilute solutions yields a material containing mostly (Mo3Se3(-))n mono- and biwires, 6 to 20 angstroms in diameter and 50 to 100 nanometers long. Polymerization of more concentrated liquid crystalline solutions yields a nanocomposite containing oriented multiwire cables, 20 to 40 angstroms in diameter and up to 1500 nanometers long, that display optical anisotropy and electrical conductivity. 相似文献
20.
Garcia-Barriocanal J Rivera-Calzada A Varela M Sefrioui Z Iborra E Leon C Pennycook SJ Santamaria J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,321(5889):676-680
The search for electrolyte materials with high oxygen conductivities is a key step toward reducing the operation temperature of fuel cells, which is currently above 700 degrees C. We report a high lateral ionic conductivity, showing up to eight orders of magnitude enhancement near room temperature, in yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ)/strontium titanate epitaxial heterostructures. The enhancement of the conductivity is observed, along with a YSZ layer thickness-independent conductance, showing that it is an interface process. We propose that the atomic reconstruction at the interface between highly dissimilar structures (such as fluorite and perovskite) provides both a large number of carriers and a high-mobility plane, yielding colossal values of the ionic conductivity. 相似文献