共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
1.
棉子品质性状的遗传研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
本研究采用6个陆地棉亲本的Griffing双列杂交设计模式Ⅱ对5个棉子品质性状进行了Hayman双列遗传模型分析.结果表明,种子蛋白质和油分百分含量、种子蛋白质和油分指数及仁指都适合“加性—显性”模型.种子蛋白质百分含量和指数以显性效应为主且表现超显性;种子油分百分含量和指数以加性效性应为主且表现部分显性;仁指加性和显性效应都较重要,接近完全显性.在所研究的亲本中,不同性状的显、隐性基因频率,正负效应基因的比例,显、隐性基因的方向及狭义遗传力等都明显不同. 相似文献
2.
对伊利诺高油(IHO C80)和亚里山索高油(Alexho C23)重组群体的遗传研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用北卡罗莱那遗传设计 I(N.C.D.-I),对经过80代混合选择的伊利诺高油系(IHO)与经过2、3代轮回选择的亚里山索综合种(Alexho)的杂交 F_2代群体种子的油分含量等品质性状以及株高、穗长等农艺性状的遗传变异进行了研究。结果表明:本文所研究的各个性状都存在显著的遗传方差,油分含量、蛋白质含量、赖氨酸含量、百粒重等性状的 相似文献
3.
籼粳交稻米蛋白质含量的基因型与环境互作效应的分析 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11
用包括基因型×环境互作效应的种子性状遗传模型,对籼粳交组合的蛋白质含量进行了遗传研究,结果表明：在籼粳交组合中,蛋白质含量的遗传表达主要受直接加性和母体加性效应控制,以母体加性效应为主。直接显性、母体显性和细胞质效应方差分量也达到显著或极显著水平。基因型×环境互作主要表现为直接加性×环境、母体加性× 相似文献
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5.
陆地棉开花成铃性状的遗传研究Ⅱ. 不同果枝节位的遗传规律 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本研究对四个陆地棉品种(系)双列杂交试验的两年观察资料按包括基因型与环境互作的加性-显性遗传模型进行棉株开花成铃规律的遗传分析。非条件及条件方差分析结果表明,棉株中下部内围果枝节位以显性方差为主,同时具有较大的基因型×环境互作方差;中上部及外围果枝节位的加性方差在总变异中所占的比重较大,越到外围基因型 相似文献
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转基因抗虫棉种子品质性状的遗传效应及相关性分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
采用二倍体种子数量性状遗传模型和统计分析方法,分析了陆地棉9个亲本和30个杂交组合的子指、种仁率、仁壳比、蛋白质含量、油分含量和棉酚含量等种子物理性状和营养品质性状的遗传效应、遗传率和遗传相关性。结果表明,所有棉子品质性状均受种子直接遗传效应和母体遗传效应的共同控制,种仁率还受到细胞质效应的影响。子指和仁壳比以母体显性效应为主,蛋白质含量以显性效应为主,油分含量和棉酚含量以母体加性效应为主。遗传相关性分析表明,棉子物理性状和营养品质性状间的显性遗传相关均达到极显著水平,其中子指与蛋白质含量呈极显著显性正相关,子指与油分含量和棉酚含量呈显性负相关。种仁率和仁壳比与3个棉子营养品质性状间的母体遗传相关均达到了极显著水平。 相似文献
8.
大麦蛋白质含量的遗传研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
由六个亲本组成的双列杂交试验,采用三倍体遗传模型分析蛋白质含量的遗传,经二年试验,结果表明:1.大麦蛋白质的 Wr/Vr 分析指出,F_2世代籽粒蛋白质含量符合加性-显性模型,不存在上位性效应。蛋白质含量高为隐性,Hiproly 具有最多的隐性基因;蛋白质含量低为显性,Ris(?)1508具有最多的显性基因。2.控制蛋白质含量的基因作用方式 相似文献
9.
为评价玉米高赖氨酸和糯性基因聚合材料的营养品质,本研究以玉米高赖氨酸(o2、o16)和糯性(wx)基因不同聚合类型材料及其亲本为试材,利用近红外分析仪和全自动氨基酸分析仪对籽粒油分含量、总淀粉含量、蛋白质含量和氨基酸含量等指标进行分析。结果表明,与轮回亲本CML 530相比,o2、o16和wx三基因聚合材料,W 1(o2o16wx)籽粒油分含量降低了20.69%,总淀粉含量提高了4.22%,赖氨酸含量提高了72.57%。4份o2和o16两基因聚合材料,W 2(o2o16)、W 3(o2o16)、W 11(o2o16)和W 12(o2o16)籽粒总淀粉含量平均提高了2.92%;赖氨酸含量分别提高了68.55%、67.68%、49.77%、56.08%。7份o16和wx两基因聚合的材料中,W 4(o16wx)和W 5(o16wx)籽粒蛋白质含量平均增加了8.10%;W 6(o16wx)、W 7(o16wx)和W 9(o16wx)籽粒赖氨酸含量分别增加了9.84%、12.30%和8.66%。可见,这些优质基因聚合材料是品质性状遗传改良和育种应用的重要材料。 相似文献
10.
按Hayman方法对8×8完全双列杂交F_1的6个性状进行基因效应分析与模型检验,株高、穗长、实粒数符合加性-显性模型.株高、实粒数为部分显性,加性方差和显性方差均显著,基因的加性效应比显性效应更重要;穗长为超显性,显性基因效应比加性基因效应更重要.对杂交F_1、F_2进行配合力效应值分析表明,一般配合力方差和特殊配合力方差对所研究性状均重要,多数性状为加性基因效应占主导.亲本85G63、81-18、82-14为最佳配合者,其主要经济性状一般配合力好.杂交F_1各性状均有明显杂种优势,组合间和性状间的优势具有显著差异,以单株籽粒产量优势最强,其余依次为实粒数、穗长、株高、小穗粒数和千粒重. 相似文献
11.
陆地棉种子性状直接效应和母体效应的遗传分析 总被引：14，自引：6，他引：14
采用二倍体种子遗传模型及其分析方法，分析了陆地棉５个品种及其配制的Ｆ１、Ｆ２和正反回交一代（ＢＣ１、ＢＣ２、ＲＢＣ１和ＲＢＣ２）世代籽指、种仁率、容重和油分４个种子性状的直接效应、母体效应和细胞质效应。分析结果表明，４个棉子性状的遗传均以母体效应为主，种子直接遗传效应作用较小。各性状的直接效应与母体效应的协方差不显著。通过母体植株的遗传表现对这些性状选择更为有效。可以根据籽指小和容量大等性状母体植 相似文献
12.
Germplasm for genetic improvement of lint yield in Upland cotton: genetic analysis of lint yield with yield components 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Determination of genetic effects for lint yield and yield components in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) germplasm is critical for its utilization in breeding programs. This study was designed to apply the conditional approach and an additive and dominant model to analyze genetic effects for lint yield and yield components. Forty-eight F2 populations derived from crosses between four existent Upland cotton cultivars as female parents and 12 germplasm lines as male parents were evaluated at two locations in 2008 and 2009. Conditional and unconditional variance components were estimated by the mixed linear model based conditional approach. Lint yield and yield components were mainly controlled by genotypic effects, i.e., additive variance and dominance variance (≥66 % of total phenotypic variation). Lint percentage and lint index had the highest proportions of additive variance component to the total phenotypic variances. SP156 and SP205 had positive additive effects for lint yield and yield components, and were also parents of the most hybrids with positive predicted dominant effects. Therefore, these two lines are good combiners for development of both pure lines and hybrids. Positive additive contribution effects to lint yield from lint percentage, boll number, boll weight, and seed index were detected in different parents. Adding seed index to boll number and lint percentage increased additive contribution effects to lint yield from these two components relative to the contribution effects from either boll number or lint percentage alone. Results in this study suggest that boll number, lint percentage, and seed index should be balanced in pure line development. 相似文献
13.
Increases in the groat-oil content of oat (Avena sativa L.) increase the energy value of the grain and improve the feasibility of extracting oat oil for use as a vegetable oil.
Nine cycles of recurrent selection for greater groat-oil content conducted in a genetically broad-based oat population resulted
in dramatic increases in groat-oil content. Our objectives were todetermine if selection for greater groat-oil content affected
fatty acid composition, grain quality traits (test weight and seed weight), or agronomic traits (straw yield, biomass, harvest
index, heading date, and height). We evaluated 100 random lines from the base (C0) population and each of the nine selection
cycle populations in three environments in order to estimate means, genetic variances, heritabilities, and genotypic and phenotypic
correlations of grain quality and agronomic traits. We also evaluated 20 random lines from each population to estimate changes
in fatty acid contents. Oleate and stearate contents increased over cycles of selection, as did the ratio of unsaturated to
saturated fatty acids. Palmitate, linoleate, and linolenate contents and all grain quality and agronomic traits except harvest
index decreased over cycles of selection. There was no evidence for reduced genetic variance or heritability in C9 for any
trait, but the genotypic and phenotypic correlations between agronomic traits and oil content fluctuated over cycles. Selection
for increased groat-oil content improved oil quality but reduced grain quality and agronomic performance of the population.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
Sesamia nonagrioides causes high yield losses in maize in northwestern Spain. Therefore, a recurrent selection programme to improve resistance against this pest has been carried out in a maize synthetic population. The main purposes of this investigation were to determine which are the main components of genetic variance for stem tunnelling and yield under infestation, to determine the variance remaining after selection, and, finally, to establish the genetic relationship between traits used as selection criteria and other ear resistance and agronomic traits. A North Carolina Design I mating system was used. Individual analyses by year were carried out and additive variance was identified as the only significant component of the genetic variance for stem tunnel length while a dominant variance was significant for yield. Those variances have decreased due to selection, but not significantly. Selection could continue for more cycles as there is enough variance. Additive genetic correlation coefficients between tunnel length and yield could not be determined. Thereafter, we propose three different methodologies of the selection to determine the relationship between resistance and yield under infestation. 相似文献
15.
Gustavo Vitti Môro Mateus Figueiredo Santos Dyeme Antônio Vieira Bento Aurélio Mendes Aguiar Cláudio Lopes de SouzaJr. 《Euphytica》2012,185(3):419-428
Oil content and grain yield in maize are negatively correlated, and so far the development of high-oil high-yielding hybrids
has not been accomplished. Then a fully understand of the inheritance of the kernel oil content is necessary to implement
a breeding program to improve both traits simultaneously. Conventional and molecular marker analyses of the design III were
carried out from a reference population developed from two tropical inbred lines divergent for kernel oil content. The results
showed that additive variance was quite larger than the dominance variance, and the heritability coefficient was very high.
Sixteen QTL were mapped, they were not evenly distributed along the chromosomes, and accounted for 30.91% of the genetic variance.
The average level of dominance computed from both conventional and QTL analysis was partial dominance. The overall results
indicated that the additive effects were more important than the dominance effects, the latter were not unidirectional and
then heterosis could not be exploited in crosses. Most of the favorable alleles of the QTL were in the high-oil parental inbred,
which could be transferred to other inbreds via marker-assisted backcross selection. Our results coupled with reported information
indicated that the development of high-oil hybrids with acceptable yields could be accomplished by using marker-assisted selection
involving oil content, grain yield and its components. Finally, to exploit the xenia effect to increase even more the oil
content, these hybrids should be used in the Top Cross™ procedure. 相似文献
16.
Seed protein and oil contents are important quantitative traits in soybean. Previously, quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with seed protein and oil were mostly identified in single genetic background. The objective of this work was to identify QTL and their epistatic effects underlying seed protein and oil contents in three recombinant inbred line populations (two of them used one common female parent) across eight environments by composite interval mapping. Forty QTL underlying protein content and 35 QTL underlying oil content were identified. Among them, nine were universal QTL underlying protein content and four were universal QTL underlying oil content. Epistatic interactions between QTL underlying seed protein/oil and different genetic backgrounds were detected. Different pairs of epistatic interactions were observed in diverse genetic backgrounds across multi‐environments. Common marker intervals were observed to simultaneously underlie seed protein and oil contents with different epistatic interactions. The results in this study suggested that a specific genotype with high oil content and low protein content might significantly affect the selection of soybean lines for high seed protein. 相似文献
17.
Summary Genetic variances for cut-flower yield in Gerbera hybrida were partitioned into additive and dominance components. Mean additive variance was 37.3 with a standard error of 12.9. Mean dominance variance was 12.7 with a standard error of 32.6. The dominance ratio was 0.34. Narrow sense heritability, estimated from these components of variance, averaged 0.42 with a standard error of 0.13. Heritabilities estimated from parent-offspring regression averaged 0.25. Gain from selection was less then expected; realized heritabilities were approximately 0.20. 相似文献
18.
Jiwen Yu Shuxun Yu Shuli Fan Meizhen Song Honghong Zhai Xingli Li Jinfa Zhang 《Euphytica》2012,187(2):191-201
Cotton is one of the most important oil-producing crops and the cottonseed meal provides important protein nutrients as animal feed. However, information on the genetic basis of cottonseed oil and protein contents is lacking. A backcross inbred line (BIL) population from a cross between Gossypium hirsutum as the recurrent parent and G. barbadense was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for cottonseed oil, protein, and gossypol contents. The BIL population of 146 lines together with the two parental lines was tested in the same location for three years in China. Based on a genetic map of 392 SSR markers and a total genetic distance of 2,895.2 cM, 17 QTLs on 12 chromosomes for oil content, 22 QTLs on 12 chromosomes for protein content and three QTLs on two chromosomes for gossypol content were detected. Seed oil content was significantly and negatively correlated with seed protein content, which can be explained by eight QTLs for both oil and protein contents co-localized in the same regions but with opposite additive effects. This research represents the first report using a permanent advanced backcross inbred population of an interspecific hybrid population to identify QTLs for seed quality traits in cotton in three environments. 相似文献
19.
Evaluation of genetic variances, heritabilities, and correlations for yield and fiber traits among cotton F2 hybrid populations 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Summary F2 hybrid cultivars continue to occupy a small portion of the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production are in the United States, but occupy a larger proportion of the production area in some other countries. Sixty-four F2 hybrids resulting from crosses of four commercial cultivars and 16 pest-resistant germplasm lines were evaluated for five fiber and four yield traits in four environments at Mississippi State, MS. An additive-dominance genetic model was employed for these traits. The minimum norm quadratic unbiased estimation (MINQUE) method was used with a mixed model approach for estimating genetic variance and covariance components and for predicting genetic correlations. This study investigated genetic variances, heritabilities, and genetic and phenotypic correlations between agronomic and fiber traits among these 64 F2 hybrid populations and discussed the usefulness of these populations for use as hybrids or for selections for pure lines.Dominance variance accounted for the major proportion of the phenotypic variances for lint yield, lint percentage, and boll size indicating that hybrids should have an advantage for these traits compared to pure lines. A low proportion of additive variance for fiber traits and the significant additive x environment variance components indicated a lack of substantial useful additive genetic variability for fiber traits. This suggests that selections for pure lines within these F2 populations would have limited success in improving fiber traits. Genetic and phenotypic correlation coefficients were of comparable magnitude for most pairs of characters. Fiber strength showed a positive additive genetic correlation with boll weight. Dominance genetic correlations of fiber strength with elongation and 2.5% span length were also significant and positive; however, the additive genetic correlation of length and strength was zero.Contribution of the USDA-ARS in cooperation with the Mississippi Agric. and Forestry Exp. Stn. 相似文献