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杏李花芽分化的组织解剖学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《果树学报》2017,(7)
【目的】通过研究杏李品种花芽形态分化过程的组织结构变化,了解杏李花芽分化过程、时期及品种间的差异,为杏李的栽培管理技术实施提供理论依据。【方法】以3个杏李品种、1个杏品种及1个中国李品种为试材,采用常规石蜡切片法对其花芽分化过程的组织结构进行观察和对比分析。【结果】3个杏李品种花芽均于6月下旬开始分化,可分为未分化期、花原基分化期、萼片原基分化期、花瓣原基分化期、雄蕊原基分化期及雌蕊原基分化期6个时期,分化盛期集中在7月上旬至10月上旬,‘美丽李’花芽分化盛期亦集中在此时间段,且均于10月下旬完成雌蕊分化,而‘赛买提’杏花芽分化盛期集中在7月上旬至8月下旬,且雌蕊分化于9月中旬已基本完成。【结论】3个杏李品种花芽分化所经历的时期均与对照杏、李品种相同,各时期均存在重叠交错现象,无明显界限,花芽逐步分化,各分化阶段的组织结构与‘美丽李’基本一致,整体分化进程也与‘美丽李’较为相近,但均比‘赛买提’慢,进入各分化时期晚于‘赛买提’。 相似文献
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(一)山楂花序为多个伞房花序簇生于果枝顶端,每花序有花15～40余朵,最多达50朵左右。结果后花序梗干枯,其下的顶部数个侧芽,在条件良好时,仍能形成花芽,连续结果。 (二)山楂花芽形态分化,可分为六个时期。即花序原基分化期、花蕾期、萼片期、花瓣期、雄蕊期和雌蕊期。昌黎地区山楂花序原基于9月上旬出现,9月下旬出现花蕾原基,10月下旬到11月上旬出现萼片原基,大部分花芽以单花原基状态进入休眠期。但在休眠过程中仍缓慢进行分化,翌年早春3月上旬出现花瓣原基,3月下旬开始出现雄蕊原基,雌蕊原基出现在4月上旬以后,全部花芽分化所需时间达8个月左右。 (三)不同枝条花芽分化的开始时间不同。一般短枝顶芽分化早,长枝较晚,但到分化后期(雄蕊及雌蕊分化期),各类枝条间差异不大,基本上在同一时期分化结束。 (四)山楂花芽前期分化持续时间长,后期分化持续时间短。如花蕾原基最早于9月下旬出现,最晚为3月上旬,持续达160天,而雄蕊及雌蕊原基最早出现到最晚出现仅持续10天左右的时间。 (五)山楂花芽是在枝条停止生长3～4个月后开始分化花序原基,此时果实已接近成熟,枝条积累有机营养物质较多,加之抑花内源激素减少,促花激素增多,有利于形成大量花芽。根据山楂花芽分化开始晚,冬季休眠期中进行缓慢分化,雄蕊及雌蕊均在早春花芽萌动过程中形成的特点,应在8月中旬到采收前后增施氮、磷、钾肥料。肥水条件差的地方,早春萌动时追施速效性肥料,有利于提高花序质量,增加座果率。 (六)山楂花芽的鳞片平均数为16.1个,叶片平均数为9.5个,总节数平均为25.6节。不同年份、不同管理条件下山楂花芽分化的临界节数有一定幅度的变化,不同枝类间以长枝花芽的临界节数多,短枝及结果枝上花芽的临界节数较少。 相似文献
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‘天香台阁’桂花花芽分化及其台阁形成过程的观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用石蜡切片方法观察桂花四季桂品种群的‘天香台阁’（Osmanthus fragrans‘Tianxiang Taige’）花芽分化的过程。研究表明,‘天香台阁’具3种不同的花芽,即普通花芽、特殊花芽、叶状花的台阁花芽。普通花芽和特殊花芽形态分化相同,分为总苞分化期、花原基分化期、顶花花被分化期、雄蕊分化期及雌蕊分化期共5个时期,历时约5个月;而叶状花的台阁花芽除了这5个时期,最后还经历台阁形成期,共历时约6个月。3种花芽雌蕊均发育异常,台阁花芽中本应着生雌蕊的部位分化为枝条。 相似文献
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为掌握贵州省高海拔地区甜樱桃花芽分化特征,以‘桑提娜’‘布鲁克斯’‘斯帕克里’3个甜樱桃品种花芽为试材,采用常规石蜡切片法观察其形态分化进程,并利用温湿度记录仪收集试验地气温数据并统计分析。结果表明:贵州省高海拔地区甜樱桃花芽形态分化正常,分为7个时期,不同品种花芽形态分化特征基本一致;甜樱桃花芽分化时间自日最低气温大于10℃开始,至8月中下旬分化完成,6月下旬至7月中下旬即旬平均气温在20℃左右时花芽快速分化;全年气温最高的时间段是甜樱桃花芽分化的重要时期,不同品种间花芽分化速率略有差异。 相似文献
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以墨兰‘企剑白墨’花芽分化期的花芽和功能叶为试材，通过研究花芽分化的形态建成，分析花芽分化期其功能叶淀粉、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质含量和过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性及内源激素的动态变化过程，以期为墨兰成花调控机理提供参考依据。结果表明：‘企剑白墨’花芽分化可分为6个时期，未分化期、花序原基分化期、小花原基分化期、花萼原基分化期、花瓣原基分化期以及合蕊柱及花粉块原基分化期。在花芽分化过程中，功能叶中淀粉、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量均呈上升-下降-上升趋势；CAT和POD活性处于较高水平；赤霉素(GA3)含量整体呈下降趋势，而生长素(IAA)含量持续增加并保持稳定水平，脱落酸(ABA)总体呈上升趋势。综上所述，碳水化合物和可溶性蛋白质的积累有利于诱导花芽形成，花芽的形态建成需要消耗大量糖分和可溶性蛋白质；高活力CAT和POD可保障花芽分化顺利进行；低水平GA3和高水平IAA及ABA利于诱导花芽的发育，高含量GA3、IAA和ABA对花被片原基的分化起重要作用。 相似文献
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以宁陵的金顶谢花酥梨为试材,观察研究叶片、新梢、果实生长发育及花芽分化状况。结果表明,短枝叶片生长高峰期为4月5~14日;新梢生长高峰期4月14日至5月14日;果实体积增大高峰期7月25日至8月12日和8月24~30日;花芽形态分化初期6月下旬,大量分化期7月29日至8月28日。由此建议生产上应在枝叶生长高峰前约2周进行追肥灌水,促使叶片面积增大加厚、新梢生长。果实迅速增大期又是花芽大量分化期,在此之前约15天进行追肥灌水,利于果个增大,提高品质,促进花芽进一步分化。 相似文献
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石榴花芽分化研究初报 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
石榴花芽分化对叶原基的数量无绝对要求，即使无一片叶原基也能成花，但以具有４片叶原基的芽形成的花芽数最多，次为具有２片与６片叶原基的芽．花芽分化延续时期长，自７月下旬开始分化直至萌芽前绝大多数的芽仍处在分化始期，整个休眠期近于停顿状态，直至芽萌动（３月中下旬）方始进入萼片分化期。花瓣、雌蕊、雄蕊分化期短而集中，且雌蕊早于或与雄蕊原基同时分化。性器官的分化与发育正处于叶面积迅速扩展与短梢旺长期，养分不足是形成不完全花的主要原因之一。秋施有机肥配以速效氮、磷、钾肥，提高了贮藏营养水平可增加第一茬花中的完全花率。 相似文献
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AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β-particles emission from 188Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by 188Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [3H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of 188Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from 188 Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G0/G1 arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation. 相似文献
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AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration. 相似文献
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AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α1-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α1-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α1-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α1-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Fruit Science》2013,13(3):101-120
Abstract Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared. 相似文献
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The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Fruit Science》2013,13(1):139-156
Abstract This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality. 相似文献
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多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。 相似文献
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HU Zhi-cheng ZHU Jia-yuan ZHU Bin GUO Dong CHEN Bin ZHANG Kai HU Kun-hua LI Ming-tao TANG Bing 《园艺学报》2011,27(9):1802-1806
AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars. 相似文献
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AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [3-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10-6-10-4 mmol/L) stimulated [3-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [3-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10-6-10-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl2 for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation. 相似文献
20.
Fulé Peter Z. Crouse Joseph E. Heinlein Thomas A. Moore Margaret M. Covington W. Wallace Verkamp Greg 《Landscape Ecology》2003,18(5):465-486
Fire regime characteristics of high-elevation forests on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, were reconstructed from fire scar analysis, remote sensing, tree age, and forest structure measurements, a first attempt at detailed reconstruction of the transition from surface to stand-replacing fire patterns in the Southwest. Tree densities and fire-/non-fire-initiated groups were highly mixed over the landscape, so distinct fire-created stands could not be delineated from satellite imagery or the oldest available aerial photos. Surface fires were common from 1700 to 1879 in the 4,400 ha site, especially on S and W aspects. Fire dates frequently coincided with fire dates measured at study sites at lower elevation, suggesting that pre-1880 fire sizes may have been very large. Large fires, those scarring 25% or more of the sample trees, were relatively infrequent, averaging 31 years between burns. Four of the five major regional fire years occurred in the 1700s, followed by a 94-year gap until 1879. Fires typically occurred in significantly dry years (Palmer Drought Stress Index), with severe drought in major regional fire years. Currently the forest is predominantly spruce-fir, mixed conifer, and aspen. In contrast, dendroecological reconstruction of past forest structure showed that the forest in 1880 was very open, corresponding closely with historical (1910) accounts of severe fires leaving partially denuded landscapes. Age structure and species composition were used to classify sampling points into fire-initiated and non-fire-initiated groups. Tree groups on nearly 60% of the plots were fire-initiated; the oldest such groups appeared to have originated after severe fires in 1782 or 1785. In 1880, all fire-initiated groups were less than 100 years old and nearly 25% of the groups were less than 20 years old. Non-fire-initiated groups were significantly older (oldest 262 years in 1880), dominated by ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, or white fir, and occurred preferentially on S and W slopes. The mixed-severity fire regime, transitioning from lower-elevation surface fires to mixed surface and stand-replacing fire at higher elevations, appeared not to have been stable over the temporal and spatial scales of this study. Information about historical fire regime and forest structure is valuable for managers but the information is probably less specific and stable for high-elevation forests than for low-elevation ponderosa pine forests.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献