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Bonny TS Azmuda N Khan SI Birkeland NK Rahman MZ 《Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS》2010,13(19):937-945
This research involved an environmental strain of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia which has been reported to produce serological cross-reactivity with Shigella dysenteriae type 8 specific antisera. Since clinical diagnosis of shigellosis is largely based on culture and serology, the investigation was aimed at in vivo and in vitro virulence comparison between the culturally similar environmental S. maltophilia isolate and the reference S. dysenteriae strains. The findings of this study revealed the absence of virulent genes of Shigella sp. like ipaH, virA and stx1 and characteristic invasive large plasmid in the test isolate. The Western blot analysis revealed that serological cross-reactivity of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was due to certain protein component(s) in its outer membrane. The isolate was capable of producing extracellular protease, exhibited alpha hemolysis and was negative for hemagglutinating assay. The isolate gave negative reaction with rabbit ileal loop and Sereny tests. The S. maltophilia isolate did not possess any enterotoxic or invasive property as that of virulent S. dysenteriae strains. Further characterizations and adequate genetic manipulations of this environmental isolate may contribute to the development of a potential vaccine candidate for shigellosis. 相似文献
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Roy A Biswas SK Chowdhury A Shill MC Raihan SZ Muhit MA 《Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS》2011,14(19):905-908
The objectives of the present study were to investigate phytochemical screening and to assay cytotoxicity and antibacterial activities of ethanolic extracts of leaves of two medicinal plants, Aglaonema hookerianum Schott (Family: Araceae) and Lannea grandis Engl. (Family: Anacardiaceae) available in Bangladesh. The brine shrimp lethality bioassay showed that the ethanolic extracts of Aglaonema hookerianum and Lannea grandis possessed cytotoxic activities with LC50 5.25 (microg mL(-1)) and 5.75 (microg mL(-1)) and LC90 10.47 (microg mL(-1)) and 9.55 (microg mL(-1)), respectively. Two extracts obtained from leaves were examined for their antibacterial activities against some gram positive bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium and Staphylococcus aureus, also gram negative strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi and Vibrio cholerae. Agar disc diffusion method was applied to observe the antibacterial efficacy of the extracts. Results indicated that both plant extracts (500 microg disc(-1)) displayed antibacterial activity against all of the tested microorganisms. These results were also compared with the zones of inhibition produced by commercially available standard antibiotic, Amoxicillin at concentration of 10 microg disc(-1). Observed antibacterial properties of the ethanolic extract of Aglaonema hookerianum Schott and Lannea grandis Engl. showed that both plants might be useful sources for the development of new potent antibacterial agents. 相似文献
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广西野生稻资源抗稻瘟病材料的鉴定与评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
经过3代自交纯化与稻瘟病抗性鉴定,在1500份普通野生稻(Oryza rufipogon Griff.)中发现38份抗病材料,在113份药用野生稻(O. officinalis Wall. ex Watt.)中发现18份抗病材料。普通野生稻和药用野生稻相同材料在不同年份的田间病区诱发鉴定中,各级抗性植株分布差异不显著,鉴定结果表现一致。与普通野生稻相比,广西药用野生稻抗性基因发生的频率显著较高、抗性稳定,是一种特殊抗性类型,从中获得具有重要利用价值的新抗性基因的可能性较大。研究还表明,自交提纯能够明显提高这两种野生稻的平均抗性水平。在田间病区诱发条件下,广西普通野生稻抗性材料出现的频率与地区居群的遗传多样性没有显著相关性。 相似文献
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Bakhshi B Pourshafie MR Navabakbar F Tavakoli A Shahcheraghi F Salehi M Faradjzadegan Z Zahraei SM 《Iranian Biomedical Journal》2008,12(3):159-165
Background: The virulence of a pathogenic Vibrio cholerae is dependent on a discrete set of genetic determinants. In this study, we determined the distribution of virulence determinants among the clinical and environmental isolates of V. cholerae. Methods: The antibiotic resistance profiles of the isolates were determined using standard disk diffusion assay. PCR assay was performed to analyze the presence of toxin genes of ctx, zot and ace. The composition of cholera toxin encoding element (CTX) region flanking of the V. cholerae isolates was also analyzed. Results: All of the clinical isolates (100%) showed a complete set of virulence genes and also the attachment site of the filamentous bacteriophage CTXphi. None of the environmental isolates contained the virulence genes and the attachment site of the CTXphi. Analysis of the flanking regions including the toxin-linked cryptic element and repeat in toxin genes revealed their integrity in the clinical isolates while in the environmental isolates they were absent or contained incomplete sequences. Comparison of the antibiotic resistance assay of the environmental and clinical isolates showed a significant difference in the resistance profiles of the isolates obtained from the two sites. High rates of resistance to co-trimoxosol, streptomycin and chloramphenicol were found with clinical isolates. Conclusion: The absence of all virulence determinants in the environmental strains may suggest that certain ecological features must be present for V. cholerae to acquire a complete set of virulence determinants and to turn them into pathogenic strains. 相似文献
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小麦白粉病抗性基因在山西省的有效性评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为明确小麦白粉病抗性基因在山西省的有效性,在温室条件下,通过闭囊壳释放子囊孢子侵染麦苗发病,利用28个已知抗病基因品种(系)对分离自山西省不同生态区的166个小麦白粉病菌株进行了毒性基因频率测定.结果表明,毒性基因V4a、V4b、V13、V20、V21、VXBD、V2+6、V4+8、V2+Mli、V4b+Mli、V5+6、V1+2+9的出现频率为3.6%～29.7%,其对应抗性基因Pm4a、Pm4b、Pm13、Pm20、Pm21、PmXBD、Pm2+6、Pm4+8、Pm2+Mli、Pm4b+Mli、Pm5+6、Pm1+2+9为目前山西省小麦白粉病菌的有效抗病基因,可供转育利用;毒性基因V1、V2、V3a、V3d、V3f、V6、V17、V19、V2+Ta的出现频率为38.6%～79.4%,其对应抗性基因Pm1、Pm2、Pm3a、Pm3d、Pm3f、Pm6、Pm17、Pm19、Pm2+Ta的利用价值已下降;毒性基因V3b、V3c、V3e、V5、V7、V8的出现频率为92.5%～98.7%,其对应抗性基因Pm3b、Pm3c、Pm3e、Pm5、Pm7、Pm8单独使用无利用价值.对各抗性基因在山西省小麦三个生态区的有效性差异分析认为,各生态区应针对毒性基因的变化动态结合农艺性状选择选用合适的抗性基因进行转育. 相似文献
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Shirazi MH Ranjbar R Eshraghi S Amin G Nouri MS Bazzaz N 《Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS》2008,11(3):487-489
Antibacterial activity of Sage extract at concentrations of 0.1, 0.05, 0.025, 0.0125, 0.00625, 0.003125, 0.00156, 0.0005 and 0.00025 g dL(-1) against Salmonella typhi, Shigella sonnei, S. flexneri, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, ETEC Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated. Susceptibility testing of bacterial strains against 18 antibiotics was also performed for comparison. The results showed that P. aeruginosa and ETEC E. coli were completely resistant to Sage extract even at concentration of 0.1 g dL(-1). Its antibacterial activity (0.1 g dL(-1)) against P. vulgaris, S. flexneri and S. sonnei was the same as nitrofurantoin and ampicilline respectively. Sage extract (0.1 and 0.05 g dL(-1)) exhibited the same effects as ampicilline and streptomycin against S. typhi. Its antibacterial activity (0.1, 0.05 and 0.25 g dL(-1)) against S. aureus was the same as ceftazidim, chloramphenicol, gentamycin, neomycin and nitrofurantoin and was more significant compared to streptomycin and vancomycin. The results suggest Sage can be considered as an alternative herbal in the treatment of infections caused by the above-mentioned bacteria. 相似文献
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研究植物体内 H2O2 的含量变化有助于确认植物提高非生物胁迫耐性的生物技术策略。Ti(Ⅳ)-PAR-H2O2 比色法灵敏度高、特异性强、稳定性好,广泛用于植物 H2O2 测定,但不同研究所用的反应条件不一致。在本研究中,系统优化了 Ti(Ⅳ)-PAR-H2O2 比色法的反应条件,并比较了丙酮提取法和 TCA 提取法对橡胶树萌条韧皮部 H2O2 的提取效果。结果表明,丙酮提取法稳定性差,TCA 提取法稳定性好。本研究报道了一种简单、快速的测定橡胶树树皮 H2O2 的方法,为进一步研究橡胶树中 H2O2 的生理功能打下良好基础。 相似文献
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研究植物体内 H2O2 的含量变化有助于确认植物提高非生物胁迫耐性的生物技术策略。Ti(Ⅳ)-PAR-H2O2 比色 法灵敏度高、特异性强、稳定性好，广泛用于植物 H2O2 测定，但不同研究所用的反应条件不一致。在本研究中，系统 优化了 Ti(Ⅳ)-PAR-H2O2 比色法的反应条件，并比较了丙酮提取法和 TCA 提取法对橡胶树萌条韧皮部 H2O2 的提取效果。 结果表明，丙酮提取法稳定性差，TCA 提取法稳定性好。本研究报道了一种简单、快速的测定橡胶树树皮 H2O2 的方法， 为进一步研究橡胶树中 H2O2 的生理功能打下良好基础。 相似文献
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Preetinder S.SARAO Gurpreet K.SAHI Kumari NEELAM Gurjit S.MANGAT Bhaskar C.PATRA Kuldeep SINGH 《水稻科学》2016,(4):219-224
Out of 1 989 wild accessions sown in seed boxes for screening, only 1 003 wild accessions with good germination were screened against brown planthopper(BPH), Nilaparvata lugens(St?l) under greenhouse conditions. The collection comprised of accessions from 11 wild species and African cultivated rice. The germplasm was screened for BPH following standard seed box screening technique in the greenhouse. As many as 159 accessions were identified as resistant during the year 2012 based on one year screening. A selected set of BPH resistant accessions were screened again during 2013. Based on the two years screening, seven accessions of O. nivara(AA), one accession of O. officinalis(CC), seven accessions of O. australiensis(EE), five accessions of O. punctata(BB and BBCC) and nine accessions of O. latifolia(CCDD) were confirmed to be resistant to BPH. So far no BPH resistance genes have been identified and designated from O. nivara and O. punctata, hence these may act as new sources of resistance. 相似文献
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大豆对SMV数量抗性的育种 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
为证实潜育期长、病情发展缓慢、最终病情轻的数量抗性的利用价值,在接种SMV-Sa株系条件下,比较了同一遗传背景、不同发病时期、不同病情下大豆品种主要农艺性状的变异.研究表明早期感染SMV对大豆产量、褐斑率等的影响显著大于花期感染;病情指数与大豆产量、单株荚数、单株粒数等存在显著负相关,病情指数越高,对产量等危害越大;通过比较SMV对质量抗性、数量抗性和感病3类大豆品种的影响,证实数量抗性品种在株高、单株粒数以及大豆产量等方面受SMV影响显著小于感病品种,与质量抗性品种接近.说明选育数量抗性品种对控制SMV危害有实质性意义. 相似文献
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In 1994 and 1995, the effect of Verticillium wilt, caused byVerticillium dahliae andV. albo-atrum, on tuber yields, number and weight of U.S. No. 1 and B size tubers, and specific gravity was studied in northern Maine, an area with a short growing season. Seven clones (four resistant and three susceptible) were evaluated in a split-plot design with three replications. Clones were the whole-plot factor, and seed pieces in sub-plots were either uninoculated or inoculated with 50 ml of 4 × 104 cfu/mlVerticillium spp. at planting. Individual plants were scored for Verticillium wilt symptoms before harvest on a 1= <3% wilt to 10= >97% wilt. Differences among clones for wilting and specific gravity were significant. The inoculation treatment had no effect on any of the tuber traits measured. However, there were significant clone x inoculation interactions for most tuber traits. Reductions in yield, weight and number of U.S. No. 1 potatoes, and specific gravity were greater in the Verticillium wilt susceptible clones than in the resistant clones. These results suggest that breeding clones with resistance toVerticillium spp. will reduce yield losses, while maintaining tuber size and specific gravity under disease pressure. 相似文献
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The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), is a major target of transgenic corn, Zea mays L., expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins in both North and South America. A highly Cry1F-resistant strain of S. frugiperda was established from a field collection in Puerto Rico in 2011. In this study, three greenhouse trials were conducted to evaluate larval survival and leaf injury of Cry1F-susceptible, -resistant, and -heterozygous genotypes of S. frugiperda on whole plants of five non-Bt and eight Bt corn hybrids. The Bt corn products included two single-gene Bt corn hybrids containing Herculex®I (Cry1F) and YieldGard® (Cry1Ab) traits and six pyramided Bt corn hybrids representing four traits: Genuity® VT Double Pro™, Genuity®VT Triple Pro™, Genuity® SmartStax™, and Agrisure® Viptera™ 3111. In each trial, neonates of S. frugiperda were placed into the plant whorls at vegetative plant stages (V6–V10). Larvae of the three insect genotypes on non-Bt corn hybrids survived well and caused serious plant injury. Cry1Ab corn was ineffective against all three insect genotypes. On Cry1F corn plants, resistant larvae survived on 72.9% plants after 12–15 d and caused a leaf injury rating (Davis' 1 to 9 scales) of 5.7 after 7 d and 7.6 after 12–15 d. Both the larval survivorship and leaf injury rates of the resistant larvae on Cry1F corn plants were not significantly different from those observed on non-Bt corn hybrids. In contrast, no live larvae and little or no leaf injury were observed on the Cry1F corn plants that were infested with susceptible or heterozygous genotypes, or on the pyramided Bt plants. The results demonstrated that the Cry1F-resistant S. frugiperda was highly resistant to whole plants of Cry1F corn and the resistance was recessive. Hybrids that contained one of the four pyramided Bt traits were effective for managing the Cry1F resistance in S. frugiperda. 相似文献
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Haryanti T Mariana NS Latifah SY Yusoff K Raha AR 《Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS》2008,11(13):1718-1722
The ctxB gene, the causative agent of cholera epidemic was successfully cloned from V. cholerae in E. coli. The insertion of the gene was confirmed by PCR as well as restriction digestion analyses. The sequencing results for the gene confirmed that the insert was in the correct orientation and in-frame with the P(BAD) promoter and it showed that the gene was 99% homologous to the published ctxB sequence. The CTB protein was successfully expressed in E. coli using the pBAD/His vector system. The expected protein of approximately 14 kDa was detected by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. The use of pBAD/His vector to express the cholera toxin gene in E. coli would facilitate future study of toxin gene products. 相似文献
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陕西省小麦白粉菌毒性结构及主栽小麦品种抗性基因的初步分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了解陕西省小麦白粉病菌毒性结构以及主栽小麦品种的抗白粉病基因状况,分别从关中和陕南地区的23个市、县采集白粉病标样,利用32个已知抗病基因品种(系)进行苗期毒力频率测定.同时在6个不同生态区对已知抗病基因品种的成株期抗病性进行了监测.结果表明,V1、V2、V3a、V3b、V3c、V3d、V3f、V5、V6、V8、V17、V2+Ta、V4+8、V1+2+19、V"Era"苗期毒力频率均在60%以上,成株期Pm3d、Pm5、Pm"Era"、Pm7、Pm21、Pm4+8在2个生态区表现感病.由此推断,陕西省优势毒性基因谱为V3d、V5、V"Era"、V4+8.已知抗白粉病基因Pm13、Pm2+Mld、Pm4b+Mli、Pm"XBD"成株期在不同生态区均表现抗病,且苗期毒力频率很低,应在小麦抗病育种中加以有效利用.陕西省主栽小麦品种抗病基因初步分析结果表明,武农148、远丰175、远丰139可能分别含有Pm8、Pm21、Pm17等抗病基因,其他6个品种抗病基因尚不明确. 相似文献
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采用离体叶片接种方法对2007-2010年收集的1 000份大豆种质资源进行抗性筛选,得到1份高抗材料SX6907。SX6907在接种后20d不产生侵染病斑;在高浓度锈菌接种时,产生少数红褐色RB（Red-brown）病斑,但无孢子堆破裂现象,无孢子产生;SX6907的接种表现与已知抗病品种主要表现为黄褐色TAN型感病病斑明显不同。组织学观察表明, SX6907在接种部位造成细胞坏死,侵染点无孢子形成,其抗性表现为抗锈菌侵染。SX6907是一个优异的抗锈病资源,可做亲本在抗锈病育种中应用。 相似文献
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野生大豆种质资源对大豆疫霉根腐病抗性评价 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
由大豆疫霉菌引起的大豆疫霉根腐病是严重影响大豆生产的毁灭性病害之一.防治该病经济有效的方法是抗病育种,而抗性资源筛选又是抗病育种的基础.本研究采用下胚轴伤口接种法,用黑龙江省的大豆疫霉菌的1号优势生理小种对来自全国19个省份的415份野生大豆资源进行了抗性鉴定,表现抗病的有96份,占总鉴定资源的23.1%,表现中抗的资源有152份,占36.6%,表现感病的资源有167份,占40.2%.根据野生大豆的来源分析发现,在我国,抗性野生大豆资源分布较广泛. 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: The ability to sensitively detect Vibrio cholera with PCR-ELISA method represents a considerable advancement over alternative more time-consuming methods for detection of this pathogen. The aim of this research is to evaluate the suitability of a PCR-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for sensitive and rapid detection of V. cholera O1. METHODS: The 398-bp sequence of a gene that codes for the cholera toxin B subunit was amplified by PCR. The digoxigenin-labeled amplified products were coated on microplates and detected by ELISA. The PCR product was also hybridized with biotin labelled probe and detected by ELISA using streptavidin. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The specificity of the PCR was determined using 10 bacterial strains and 50 samples from south Iran. The detection limit was 0.5 pg of the genomic DNA and five bacterial cells. Adaptation of PCR into PCR-ELISA assay format facilitates specific and sensitive detection and diagnosis of human cholera disease. We conclude that this PCR-ELISA is a diagnostic method that specifically detects toxin genes in V. cholera O1 strains. It is more rapid and less cumbersome than other diagnostic methods for detection of toxicity in these strains. 相似文献