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1.
OBJECTIVE: To determine quantitative values for components of body composition in clinically normal dogs of various breeds by use of dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and validate the precision and accuracy of DEXA technology in dogs. ANIMALS: 103 clinically normal sexually intact adult dogs. PROCEDURE: In a cross-sectional study, Beagles, Pembroke Welsh Corgis, Golden Retrievers, Great Danes, Pointers, Rottweilers, and nonpurebred dogs received total body DEXA scans. For the validation portion of the study, the results of DEXA scans of 6 dogs were compared with values obtained by chemical analyses of tissues from euthanatized dogs to determine the accuracy of this modality in dogs. RESULTS: Results (coefficient of variation) of the precision tests ranged from 0.10% for lean tissue to 5.19% for fat tissue, whereas accuracy tests revealed a difference between percentage bone mineral content and ash values. Body composition differed by sex, such as higher lean tissue and bone mineral content in males within some breeds, and among breeds. Regardless of body size or weight, the percentage of body weight that was bone mineral ranged from 3 to 4.0% [corrected]. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results of this cross-sectional study provide valuable body composition data for clinically normal adult dogs, which may have research and clinical applications.  相似文献   

2.
In this study, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was performed on the calcaneus (CAL) and accessory carpal bone (ACB) of early-age neutered (n = 11) and sham-operated puppies (n = 10) to investigate changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) over time. Prepubertal ovariohysterectomy and sham surgery were performed at 10 weeks, while BMD and BMC were measured at 12, 16, 20 and 24 weeks of age. BMD and BMC of CAL and ACB of ovariohysterectomised puppies were found to be higher. The differences between the groups were statistically unimportant; however, the fourth measurement of the ACB showed a significant (P < 0.05) difference. Sexually intact puppies weighed less than gonadectomised puppies in all measurements. Because of the positive correlations between body weight and bone mineral density, BMD and BMC of early-age neutered puppies were found to be higher. These results suggest that BMD and BMC are not affected by prepubertal ovariohysterectomy until six months of age in mixed-breed puppies.  相似文献   

3.
A 4-month-old male Old English Sheepdog was presented for evaluation of a raw meat-based homemade diet after a 1-month history of progressive lameness. Marked dietary deficiencies were detected, which included calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D. Hypovitaminosis D and hypocalcaemia were diagnosed by serum analysis. Evidence of severe diffuse osteopenia was noted on survey radiographs. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to quantify bone mineral content and density and compare to published reference ranges. The puppy's initial bone mineralization was markedly subnormal, with bone mineral density 66% lower than expected, and bone mineral content 40% lower than expected. Subsequent DEXA scans were performed at intervals during the puppy's recovery to document the rate of bone re-mineralization and guide therapeutic recommendations. Marked improvement was achieved within 4 months through exercise control and feeding of a diet appropriately formulated for large breed puppy growth and development. This report reinforces the necessity of thorough dietary history and highlights the potential for malnutrition in pets fed homemade and raw meat-based diets. Use of DEXA has rarely been reported in clinical cases, yet can be a valuable tool for diagnosing and monitoring cases with abnormal bone mineralization. Further studies using DEXA to track bone mineralization in healthy puppies are encouraged to develop a more robust reference range of bone mineralization in growing dogs of varying sizes, weights and ages.  相似文献   

4.
OBJECTIVE: To compare bone mineral measurements obtained by use of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), and chemical-physical analyses and determine effects of age and femur size on values obtained for the various techniques. SAMPLE POPULATION: Femurs obtained from 15 juvenile and 15 adult large-breed dogs. PROCEDURE: n each femur, 7 regions of interest were examined by use of DEXA to measure the bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD), and 5 were examined by use of pQCT to measure BMD. Among these, 1 region was examined by both noninvasive methods and an invasive method. Volume of the femur was determined by water displacement. Volumetric bone density (VBD) was calculated. Calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), total Ca, and total P contents were determined. RESULTS: DEXA- and pQCT-derived results revealed that all values increased with age in juvenile dogs. In adults, VBD and pQCT-derived BMD decreased significantly and DEXA-derived BMD increased with increasing femur length.The pQCT-derived BMD correlated well with VBD and Ca content, whereas DEXA-derived BMC was strongly correlated with Ca content. In juveniles, values correlated regardless of the technique used, whereas in adult dogs, DEXA-derived BMD did not correlate with pQCT-derived BMD, Ca concentration, or VBD unless data were adjusted on the basis of femur length. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: DEXA-derived BMD adjusted for femur length yields approximately the same percentage variability in VBD as for pQCT-derived BMD. However, pQCT-derived BMD is still more sensitive for determining variability BMD in Ca concentration, compared with DEXA-derived BMD adjusted for femur length.  相似文献   

5.
The responses of skeletal health and blood calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) status to different dietary calcium and available P (avP) contents were examined in 2-week-old chickens. High avP content resulted in more inorganic P (P(i)) and less ionised Ca (Ca(2+)) in the blood. Birds on low Ca and high avP diets showed a higher incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia and hypocalcaemic rickets and were therefore assumed to be hypocalcaemic. However the molar Ca:P ratio in bone was closer to the expected 1.67:1 in diets high in avP. No significant dietary mineral content effect was found on bone mineral content, or breaking strength, within the range of diets used. Results suggest that variations in molar Ca:P ratios in bone have little effect on mechanical competence, and that diets for this strain should be higher in Ca, and could be lower in avP, than current recommendations.  相似文献   

6.
OBJECTIVE: To determine insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentrations in canine mammary secretions and serum during lactation and to compare them between small and giant breeds of dogs. ANIMALS: 7 gestating Beagles and 4 gestating Great Danes. PROCEDURE: Dogs were fed a common nutritionally complete and adequate gestation and lactation diet. Milk samples were collected at postpartum hour 12 and postpartum days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 after IV oxytocin administration. Two puppies/litter were identified at whelping for collection of blood samples corresponding to the days of milk sample collection plus days 35 and 42. Maternal blood samples were obtained on days 1, 7, and 42 from Beagles and days 1, 7, and 28 from Great Danes and were acid/ethanol extracted and analyzed by use of a radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: Maternal serum IGF-I concentration was greater in Great Danes at all sample collection times. Similarly, colostrum from Great Danes contained more IGF-I, compared with that of Beagles (70 ng/ml vs 40 ng/ml, respectively). These values decreased to approximately 10 ng/ml by day 3 in both breeds and remained between 10 and 20 ng/ml for the duration of lactation. Growth rate and serum IGF-I concentration were greater in Great Dane puppies at birth to day 42. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: High IGF-I concentration in colostrum may be biologically important for newborn puppies. Body mass and serum IGF-I concentration are directly correlated in growing Beagle and Great Dane puppies. Serum IGF-I concentration may be an indicator of growth potential in dogs.  相似文献   

7.
An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of phytase addition, reduced Ca and available P (aP), and removing the trace mineral premix (TMP) on growth performance, plasma metabolites, carcass traits, pork quality, and tissue mineral content in growing-finishing swine. One hundred twenty cross-bred pigs (initial and final BW of 22 and 109 kg, respectively) were allotted to five dietary treatments on the basis of weight within gender in a randomized complete block design. There were three replications of barrows and three replications of gilts, with four pigs per replicate pen. The dietary treatments were as follows: 1) corn-soybean meal (C-SBM), 2) C-SBM with reduced Ca and aP, 3) C-SBM with reduced Ca and aP plus 500 phytase units/kg of diet, 4) Diet 1 without the TMP, and 5) Diet 3 without the TMP. The Ca and aP were reduced by 0.10% in the low Ca and aP diets and the diets with added phytase. Daily gain, hot carcass weight, dressing percent, kilograms of carcass lean, bone ash percent, and bone strength were decreased (P = 0.10), but liver and kidney weight were increased (P = 0.10) in pigs fed diets with reduced Ca and aP; adding phytase reversed these responses (P = 0.10). The Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage L* was decreased (P = 0.09) in pigs fed the low Ca and aP diet plus phytase relative to those fed the control diet. Removing the TMP had no effect on overall growth performance, but it increased (P = 0.03) 10th-rib backfat thickness and fasting glucose and decreased (P = 0.03) carcass length and ham weight. Liver weight and liver weight as a percentage of final BW were not affected when phytase was added to the control diet, but removing the TMP increased liver weight and liver weight as a percentage of final BW; adding phytase reversed these responses (phytase x TMP, P = 0.06). Removing the TMP decreased (P = 0.08) Zn concentrations in the bone, muscle, and liver, and Cu and Fe concentrations in the bile but increased (P = 0.08) Mn concentrations in the bile and liver of pigs. The addition of phytase reversed the negative effects of the reduced Ca and aP diets. These data indicate that removing the TMP in diets for growing-finishing pigs has no negative effects on growth performance or pork quality, but it had negative effects on carcass traits and had variable effects on tissue mineral content.  相似文献   

8.
1. Performance, gait score (GS), tibial dyschondroplasia (TD), and tibia bone mineralisation and breaking strength were determined in 2880 male and female Ross 208 broilers fed on diets with two different concentrations of dietary metabolisable energy (ME) (11.00 or 12.00 MJ/kg) and 4 different concentrations of available phosphorus (aP) adjusted for dietary ME content (4.0, 4.5, 5.0 or 5.5 g/kg aP in starter and 3.5, 4.0, 4.5 or 5.0 g/kg aP in finisher diets containing 12.00 MJ/kg). 2. Tibia ash, calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) contents in broilers given diets with low ME (11.00 MJ/kg) were greater than those of broilers given diets with higher ME (12.00 MJ/kg). Tibia ash, Ca and P contents increased curvilinearly with increasing dietary aP content. The dietary aP level had no effect on GS. 3. Dietary concentration of ME or aP had no effect on tibia breaking strength. 4. Walking ability, as measured by GS, was negatively correlated with the body weight (BW) of tested birds at 23 and 35 d of age, but the dietary ME content or aP level had no significant effect on GS at 35 d of age. 5. The results indicated that bone mineral content had no clear correlation with the walking ability of broilers.  相似文献   

9.
Eighty crossbred boars were utilized in a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement of two energy levels (ad libitum and 75% ad libitum) and two Ca/P levels (100 and 150% of National Research Council daily requirement) to determine the effect of varying growth rate and Ca/P intake on performance and bone characteristics throughout the growth phase. Boars were fed the diets beginning postweaning at 5 wk of age and continuing until necropsy at 10 +/- 2-d intervals between 80 and 220 d of age, inclusive. Body weight of limit-fed boars was 72% that of ad libitum-fed boars. Daily gain and feed per gain ratio favored boars fed the 150% Ca/P levels. Although limit-feeding enhanced the development of longer, thicker and heavier metacarpals earlier in the growth period (between 80 and 150 d of age), there was little difference between limit-fed and ad libitum-fed boars at 220 d of age when values were corrected for differences in body weight. Mechanical bone characteristics, which were greater for ad libitum-fed than for limit-fed boars at the same age, were not different when values were corrected for body weight. Boars fed 150% Ca/P levels had heavier and thicker walled metacarpals that had greater bone strength than boars fed 100% Ca/P levels, with the magnitude of the difference not as great at 220 d of age and when values were corrected for body weight. Generally, boars fed the ad libitum-150% Ca/P diet had the heaviest and strongest bones. Ether extract, ash and Ca and P content of ash were generally higher for ad libitum-fed vs limit-fed and 150 vs 100% Ca/P diets at 80 and 150 d of age, but were not different at 220 d. Metacarpal weight, size, thickness, strength and ash content increased with age with a small decline in the rate of increase. Ether extract decreased with age. There was a very small increase in the Ca content of ash and a very small decrease in the P content with age, resulting in a slightly wider Ca:P ratio in older boars.  相似文献   

10.
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11.
Hydrolyzable carbohydrate intake in horse diets may become excessive when rapidly growing pastures are supplemented with grain-based concentrates. The substitution of fat and fiber for hydrolyzable carbohydrate in concentrates has been explored in exercising horses but not in young, growing horses. Our objective was to compare bone development in foals that were fed pasture and concentrates rich in sugar and starch (corn, molasses) or fat and fiber (corn oil, beet pulp, soybean hulls, oat straw). Forty foals were examined, 20 each in 1994 and 1995. In each year, 10 mares and their foals were fed a corn and molasses supplement (SS) and 10 others were fed a corn oil and fiber supplement (FF). The concentrates were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous, and mineral content was balanced to complement the pastures and meet or exceed NRC requirements. Dorsopalmar radiographs were taken of the left third metacarpal monthly from birth to weaning and then every other month until 1 yr of age. Bone density was estimated using imaging software and an aluminum stepwedge. Radiographic examination indicated differences in medial, lateral, and central bone mineral content of the metacarpal III. Bone mineral content increased with age, and a plateau was observed during winter. Bone mineral content was lower in weanlings and yearlings fed the FF supplement than in those fed SS. Subjective clinical leg evaluations indicated differences in physitis, joint effusion, and angular and flexural limb deformities in response to age, and possibly to season. Regression analysis indicated positive relationships between bone mineral content and body weight, age, and body measurements. Nutrient and chemical interactions, such as the binding of calcium by fat and fiber, may alter the availability of elements necessary for bone development.  相似文献   

12.
Diets traditionally used in the horse industry are very often imbalanced in mineral composition, mainly in what concerns Ca, P, Mg and Ca/P ratio. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium supplementation of traditional diets, on bone formation and growth in Lusitano breed foals, from weaning to 1 year old. Two homogenous groups of eight colts each received for 140-day iso-energetic and iso-proteic diets, which differed only on Ca, P and Mg levels (respectively, 0.26%, 0.27% and 0.12% vs. 0.56%, 0.43% and 0.18%). Throughout the experiment, blood samples were periodically collected for evaluation of total calcium, inorganic phosphorus, magnesium, copper, zinc, intact parathyroid hormone, bone alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin concentrations. Animals were weighed and measured (wither height, hip height, girth and cannon circumference) for body growth evaluation. No significant differences were observed between treatments, with respect to growth, plasmatic concentrations of analysed minerals or biochemical markers. The linearity of growth in both groups is in agreement with studies reported for other light breeds. The observed results could be explained by the fact that calcium, phosphorus and magnesium levels in the base diet were close to supply the animal needs for a moderate growth. Further studies concerning the relationship between bone biochemical markers and mineral nutrition, in the growing horse, should consider the evaluation of bone mineral density and content.  相似文献   

13.
A number of puppies of the School Hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Science-UBA showed bone changes. Measurement of the iodine content of the commercial diet showed a significant increase in its content. Iodine excess causes alterations in thyroid function and morphology, and its hormones have a direct action on bone formation. Three groups of puppies were fed on different diets: a home-prepared diet, a commercial diet (containing 5.6 mg potassium iodide/kg dry food), and a home-prepared diet supplemented with 5.6 mg potassium iodide/kg dry food. Groups B and C developed hypothyroidism. A significant decrease (p<0.05) in the styloid apophyseal surface was found in groups B and C vs. A, determined by radiography. Histologically, the hypertrophied cartilage was shorter in groups B and C than in group A (p<0.0001). The present results suggest that commercial diets with a high iodine content may cause hypothyroidism and changes in bone metabolism.  相似文献   

14.
Forty-six Thoroughbred and Quarter Horse yearlings were used in two experiments to evaluate the effect of mineral supplementation on growth and skeletal development. In the first experiment, concentrate and bermuda-grass hay diets providing 2.82 Mcal DE/kg (estimated), 13.0% CP, .62% Ca and .43% P on a DM basis were supplemented with trace minerals (TM) by adding 0, .5 or 1.0% TM premix to the concentrate. The TM content of the three diets (concentrate and hay) in mg/kg DM were: Fe 150, 162 and 176; Mn 56, 60 and 64; Zn 36, 53 and 69; and Cu 7, 8 and 11 for the low, medium and high TM levels, respectively. No effects of TM intake on feed intake, weight gain or body measurements were detected, but bone mineral deposition was increased by the high TM intake (P less than .02). No gross skeletal abnormalities were detected. In the second experiment, a basal diet with Ca and P concentrations near NRC (1978) recommendations was supplemented with no TM, TM or TM + Ca + P. The basal diet had TM concentrations similar to the highest TM levels in the first experiment. The two groups fed added minerals consumed more concentrate and total feed (P less than .1) than those receiving the basal diet. Weight gain was increased by the TM supplementation (P less than .1). There was no other diet effect on growth or development of the animals. Colts gained more height than fillies did (P less than .05). Results of these two experiments suggest that TM supplementation may have a positive effect on bone mineral deposition in yearling horses, but only when the TM content of the natural diet is below NRC (1978) recommendations.  相似文献   

15.
Genetically lean or fat male chickens were fed from 3 to 8 weeks of age on four diets of different protein content: 152, 172, 191 or 211 g/kg. The two lower protein contents depressed growth of lean chickens but had no adverse effects on fat chickens. In both lines increasing dietary protein decreased food: gain ratio and abdominal fat desposition relative to live body weight. Protein deposited and the efficiency of utilisation of dietary protein were higher in all instances in lean birds.  相似文献   

16.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the content and distribution of Na, K, Ca, P, Mg, S, Cu, Mn, Fe and Zn in the body of pasture-fed young horses and then use a factorial model to calculate the dietary mineral requirements for growth. PROCEDURE: Twenty-one foals were killed at about 150 days of age and the organs, soft tissues, skin and bones and a sample of muscle were dissected out and weighted. The mineral concentrations of elements in all soft tissues and bones were measured by inductively coupled emission spectrometry. The total mineral element composition associated with a tissue was determined from the weight of tissue and its mineral element concentration. RESULTS: Expressed as a percent of total body mineral elements, muscle contained 20% Na, 78% K, 32% Mg, 62% Cu, 36% Mn and 57% Zn, bone contained 47% Na, 99% Ca, 81% P, 62% Mg, 30% Mn and 28% Zn while the organs accounted for a smaller percentage ranging from 0.06% for Ca to 26% for Fe. In liver Cu accounted for 9.2% of total body Cu. Each kilogram of empty body weight was associated with 1.0 g Na, 2.5 g K, 17.1 g Ca, 10.1 g P, 0.4 g Mg, 1.1 mg Cu, 0.39 mg Mn, 52.5 mg Fe and 21.4 mg Zn. CONCLUSION: The mineral element content of body weight gain is a component used in the factorial model to determine dietary mineral element requirements for growth. The calculated dietary mineral requirements, expressed per kg dry matter, for a 200 kg horse gaining 1.0 kg/day were 1.0 g Na, 2.1 g K, 4.6 g Ca, 3.5 g P, 0.7 g Mg, 4.5 mg Cu and 25 mg Zn.  相似文献   

17.
1. The effects of different dietary concentrations of calcium (Ca), available phosphorus (AP) and vitamin D (D) on 5- to 16-day growth performance, and aspects of calcium and phosphorus (P) metabolism of chickens from three commercial strains were studied in two experiments. 2. Increasing dietary Ca reduced weight gain, tibia Ca and P content and increased plasma total Ca, Ca consumption and excretion, whilst dietary Ca at 32 g/kg increased tibia Ca:P ratio, plasma ionized calcium and reduced plasma P, tibia ash, P excretion, excreta moisture and Ca retention. 3. Increasing dietary AP reduced plasma total and ionized Ca and excreta moisture and increased P consumption and excretion, plasma P and tibia ash. 4. The addition of vitamin D increased plasma total and ionized Ca, tibia Ca:P ratio and reduced plasma sodium and P concentrations. 5. Strains differed in their tibia contents of Ca and Ca:P ratios, in response to Ca, AP and vitamin D diets whilst they differed in Ca excretion and excreta moisture caused by feeding either dietary Ca or AP. 6. It was concluded that dietary Ca, AP, vitamin D and strain of broiler chickens influenced the metabolism of Ca and P and that, as a consequence, the tolerance to high dietary Ca. A lean strain of chickens tolerated high dietary calcium better than its fat counterparts.  相似文献   

18.
In the current study, we hypothesized that diets high in linoleic acid would increase conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) tissue content, reduce adiposity and leptin production, and result in an increase in the age at puberty in heifers. Heifers were weaned and blocked by body weight (heavy, n = 10, and light, n = 10) and allocated randomly within block to receive isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets with either added fat (HF, n = 10) or no added fat (C, n = 10) from 4 mo of age until post-pubertal slaughter. Whole sunflower seed (55% oil; 70% linoleic acid) was used as the fat source in HF diets and provided 5% added fat from the start of the study until heifers weighed 250 +/- 8 kg, at which time added fat was increased to 7% of dry matter until slaughter. Body weights were recorded weekly, and blood samples were collected weekly for total cholesterol and hormone analyses. Puberty was confirmed based on serum concentrations of progesterone and ultrasonographic confirmation of corpora lutea. Heifers were slaughtered at 325 +/- 10 d of age, and longissimus muscle between the 9th and 11th rib was collected and analyzed to estimate carcass composition. Subcutaneous and kidney, pelvic, and heart fat were collected at slaughter for fatty acid analyses. The HF heavy group tended (P < 0.10) to reach puberty later than all other groups, and one HF light heifer did not reach puberty during the study. Linoleic acid and cis-9, trans-11 CLA tissue contents were higher (P < 0.03) in HF heifers than controls, but neither total carcass fat nor percentage of dry matter differed by dietary group, although the percentage of protein tended (P < 0.10) to be lower in HF heifers. Mean serum concentrations of leptin did not differ due to diet; however, leptin increased (P < 0.01) linearly as puberty approached. Circulating concentrations of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I increased or remained relatively constant between wk 2 to 10 of feeding, and then declined (P < 0.01) until the onset of puberty. Serum IGF-I was lower (P < 0.01) in heifers receiving the HF diet. Mean serum concentrations of insulin and total cholesterol increased (P < 0.01) with time in both groups, but only total cholesterol was increased by the HF diet (P < 0.05). Results indicate that diets high in linoleic acid fed to growing beef heifers beginning early in life have little or no effect on total carcass fat, circulating leptin, or age at puberty despite measurable increases in CLA accumulation.  相似文献   

19.
We investigated the whole-body crude nutrient (fat, protein, ash) and mineral (Ca, P, Mg, Na, K) composition of mustached bats of three different groups: animals from the wild (n = 6), and animals from captivity on an unsupplemented feeding regime of mealworms (n = 7), and on a feeding regime in which the mealworms were kept on a mineral substrate prior to feeding (n = 6). It was shown that mealworms from the mineral substrate had higher Ca contents than mealworms from the conventional substrates. In an earlier study, differences in bone mineral density had been found between the groups. These differences, however, were not reflected in differences in whole-body composition. Captive animals showed a larger variation in body weight and fat content, indicating potential shortcomings of the dietary and husbandry regime.  相似文献   

20.
To determine the effect of dietary protein intake on lean body wasting in adult canines a study was undertaken to investigate the Ubiquitin Proteasome (UP) pathway and concurrent changes in lean and fat body mass of canines fed variable sources and concentrations of dietary protein. Purpose-bred, intact female canines (56) between the ages of 2 and 3 years were fed either 12 or 28% protein diet for 10 weeks. Each diet contained variable amounts of corn gluten meal and chicken protein sources in ratios of 100 : 0, 67 : 33, 33 : 67 and 0 : 100 per cent (w/w), respectively. All diets were isocaloric with calories coming from protein : fat : carbohydrate at the respective ratios of 12 : 40 : 48% for the 12% diets, and 28 : 40 : 32% for the 28% diets. Standard dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was performed to assess total body lean and fat mass at weeks 0 and 10 of the dietary trial. Muscle biopsies were also taken and processed for protein determination and standard gel electrophoresis with subsequent Western blotting for 20S proteasome and PA700 regulatory cap subunit p31. Statistical analysis revealed a moderate degree of correlation between increasing quantities of corn gluten, which is low in essential amino acids (i.e. lysine, tryptophan), and increasing loss of lean body mass over the 10-week study (R = 0.56). Furthermore, a moderate degree of correlation was observed between increasing concentrations of corn gluten protein and decreased expression of the p31 subunit of the 26S proteasome (R = 0.49). Additionally, the dogs consuming the 12% protein diets had a significant increase in fat mass regardless of the protein source. These findings suggest that lean body wasting in adult canines can be associated with the consumption of low protein diets consisting of predominantly corn gluten, which is likely due to imbalances or subclinical deficiencies of specific essential amino acids, and that low protein diets may augment accumulation of adipose tissue. Although the mechanisms remain unclear, alteration of molecular targets of skeletal muscle proteolysis, specifically involving the UP pathway occur.  相似文献   

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