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离本培养橡胶树体细胞诱导纯多倍性无性系方法的研究初报 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
研究结果表明，用０．５％的秋水仙素处理橡胶树二倍体花劳逸结合本细胞愈伤组织（浸泡或滴渍）１ｄ可有效地从多倍性的细胞再分化成多倍性胚状体并再生植株。所诱导培育获得的多倍胚状体及植株，通过细胞学鉴定表明具有多倍体表型特征的，其体细胞染色体数为２ｎ＝７２，未见嵌合现象，对照的２ｎ＝３６。 相似文献
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提高马铃薯双单倍体花药培养产生胚状体及再生植株频率的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
用三种不同温度前处理和三种培养基相配合对７个从双单倍体马铃薯中随机抽取的品系进行了花药培养，选择出了较好的培养基和前处理的适宜温度及方法，从双单倍体花药中忸产生胚状体及再生植株频率有所提高达２７．５％和８．８％。倍性鉴定表明，从双单倍体诱导的胚状体分人的植株绝大多数为二倍体。而且多数为纯合体，说明这些胚状体来自己减数的配子，可能是由在胚状体发育过程中的体细胞染色体加倍形成的。 相似文献
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两个栽培大豆品种的体细胞胚胎发生和植株再生研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
通过优化培养条件,即提高植物生长激素浓度和蔗糖浓度,发展了一种再生频率较高的大豆植株再生的方法。从栽培大豆品种幼胚中诱导形成的体细胞胚性愈伤组织和胚状体可以进一步分化出芽和根,发育成完整植株,中黄４号植株再生频率最高可达３９％,早熟１８号仅得到了胚性愈伤组织。 相似文献
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橡胶树花药培养体胚发生率低及植株再生频率低是制约其组培苗工厂化生产的瓶颈。以热研7-33-97品系花药为外植体,研究橡胶树花药体细胞胚发育过程并对其体细胞胚进行系统分类,同时改良其培养条件。结果表明,完整的体胚发育过程是球形胚-心形胚-鱼雷胚-子叶胚,但有些心形胚不能进一步发育成鱼雷胚,在后继培养中会分化成畸形胚;体胚发生不具同步性,在鱼雷胚旁又长出次生胚。胶树花药体细胞胚共分9种类型,发现胶树花药体胚发生过程中产生连体胚现象,该类胚能正常发育成植株。不同胚状体培养条件对植株再生率的影响说明,暗培养诱导胚状体2个月后再转移至500 lx弱光照条件下培养10～15 d,然后再转移至出苗培养基培养,能够显著提高植株再生率。在诱导胚胎发生培养基中添加不同浓度的稀土,结果表明,稀土具有提高橡胶树花药体胚发生率的效果,其中以添加1 mg/L稀土培养效果最佳。 相似文献
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通过对不同优良木薯品种体细胞胚胎及芽器官发生能力进行比较研究。结果表明,不同品种之间的体细胞胚胎和芽器官发生能力因基因型不同而差异显著。KU 50体细胞胚发生率最高,为81.33%,其次为SC 205,诱导率为61.33%。而RYG 60未成功诱导出初生体细胞胚。诱导的体细胞胚经循环继代培养可形成次生胚状体。将次生胚状体转入成熟培养基,经光培养后可形成绿色的成熟体细胞胚,进而再生成植株。以KU 50体细胞胚萌发率最高,为42.2%。以子叶为外植体比以膨大的腋芽为外植体诱导初生体细胞胚的发生率高,除SC 205和NZ 199外,其余品种的诱导率均在85%以上。其中以新选048诱导效果最好,可达91.67%。将子叶切片置于器官发生培养基上可诱导不定芽的发生,诱导频率变幅为12.3%~71.0%,其中MCol 22和新选048诱导效果较好。 相似文献
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受体细胞倍性对PVY CP基因向马铃薯遗传转化影响的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用整合PVYCP基因的改建质粒PEY3,以农杆菌为载体向四倍体栽培“甘农薯 1号” (2n =4x =4 8)及双单倍体“84 4 7” (2n =2x =2 4 )叶盘、叶柄、茎段导入PVYCP基因并获得再生植株。愈伤组织卡那霉素 (KM )抗性筛选试验表明 ,低倍体受体细胞利于外源基因的整合与表达 ,双单倍体转化率 (2 5 4 % )高于四倍体 (15 8% )。冠瘿碱分析证明再生植株整合了PVYCP基因。染色体倍性鉴定证明转基因再生植株与亲本倍性一致。 相似文献
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龙眼单细胞培养及其体胚发生再生植株 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以龙眼松散型胚性愈伤组织(CⅢ类型)为起始材料。进行了单细胞培养及其体细胞胚胎发生再生植株的研究。结果表明：由CⅢ类型胚性愈伤组织建立起的分散性良好的悬浮细胞系，经过孔径(φ)为40μm的尼龙网过筛。可以获得单细胞悬浮系：采用液体浅层培养。部分单细胞可持续分裂，并且有规则分裂和不规则分裂2种方式。前者可能直接形成体细胞胚胎，后者则先形成多细胞团再形成体胚；在液体浅层培养中．单细胞可不经转移直接形成子叶形体细胞胚胎：这些体细胞胚胎经过成熟培养后，可萌芽生根再生完整植株。 相似文献
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巴西橡胶悬浮细胞培养胚胎发生与植株再生 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
研究结果表明,把２％的甘油加入到悬浮培养基中,能提高胚胎发生的频率;在悬浮培养基和固体诱导培养基中分别加入浓度为１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ和０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ的２,４-Ｄ能促进胚胎的发生;在固体培养基中添加ＡＢＡ有利于正常胚状体的形成;高浓度的谷氨酰胺对胚状体成苗培养有明显的促进作用。 相似文献
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以“红核子”、“东壁”、“十二月龙眼”等龙眼品种的胚性悬浮细胞为起始材料分离原生质体,采用液体浅层培养、包埋悬浮培养等方式,进行原生质体培养与植株再生研究。研究结果表明,海藻酸钙包埋悬浮振荡培养(50r/min)是龙眼悬浮细胞原生质体培养的适宜培养方式,在含有多种生长调节剂的改良MS培养基(MP6)上,再生小克隆的形成频率可高达5%;采用龙眼胚性愈伤组织体胚诱导、成熟和萌发的优化方案,原生质体再生小克隆分化子叶形胚状体的频率达100%,萌发植株的频率一般大于45%。 相似文献
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利用3个2n配子材料(2x)在马铃薯(S.tuberosum L.)中进行4x—2x,2x—4x和2x—2x的杂交,获得了4个四倍体杂种材料;然后对它们进行花药培养,共得到32个双单倍体植株。检查其中23个植株,有2株是具5％以上2n花粉粒的双单倍体,1株是重组了2n卵基因的双单倍体。由此证明花药培养的倍性操作技术是转育马铃薯2n配子性状给双单倍体的有效方法之一。 相似文献
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柑桔组织培养中的次生胚胎发生研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
以MT为基本培养基并附加各种植物激素和生理活性物质的一系列培养基中,6～8周龄的柑桔胚珠诱导产生愈伤组织和胚状体后进一步诱导形成次生胚状体,通过萌发或诱导丛芽再生出完整植株。外源激素的种类和组合对愈伤组织的诱导,胚状体的形成和次生胚状体的发生以及成苗都有显著的影响。染色体计数分析表明,通过次生胚胎发生途径的再生植株,其遗传性是稳定的。 相似文献
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Alexander A. T. Johnson Suzanne M. Piovano Vidya Ravichandran Richard E. Veilleux 《American Journal of Potato Research》2001,78(1):19-29
The union of potato monoploid genotypes (2n=1x =12) through protoplast fusion may result in vigorous somatic hybrids due to a reduction of the “genetic load” normally present in this highly heterozygous tetraploid (2n=4x=48) crop. More than 100 androgenic monoploids derived from diploid (2n=2x=24)Solanum phureja Juz. & Buk. andS. chacoense Bitt. xS. phureja clones were evaluated in field trials during 1996 and 1997 to identify the most promising genotypes for protoplast fusion experiments. Compared to the total population, the 1996 selected genotypes had higher means for tuber number (30.1 vs 11.2 tubers/plant), average tuber weight (3.0 vs 1.8 g/tuber) and total yield (66.1 vs 20.4 g/plant). Similarly, the 1997 selected genotypes had higher means for tuber number (42.8 vs 25.4 tubers/plant), average tuber weight (3.6 vs 2.5 g/tuber) and total yield (114.0 vs 63.4 g/plant) compared to the total population. The 31 selected monoploid genotypes from 1996-97 varied in their response to protoplast isolation and culture from no growth (9), cell enlargement (5), limited cellular divisions (8), callus formation (5) to plant regeneration from callus (4). Chemical fusion and electrofusion produced three groups of intermonoploid somatic hybrids. Polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci enabled distinction of somatic hybrids from parental somaclones. Rapid DNA extraction with SSR analysis enabled screening of calluses to identify somatic hybrid tissue prior to plant regeneration. The somatic hybrids were highly polyploid, mostly hexaploid (2n=6x=72), possibly due to fusion of endopolyploid protoplasts and/or chromosomal doubling during plant regeneration. 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(2):204-211
AbstractThis study was carried out to verify the production of haploid plantlets through somatic embryogenesis of Bupleurum falcatum in anther culture (2n=16). Flowers with anthers at the uninucleate stage, less than 200 µm in anther length, were exposed to 10ºC for 5 days (cold pretreatment) and the anthers were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D and/or picloram at various concentrations at 30ºC. The optimal supplement for callus formation was a mixture of 0.075 mg L-1 2,4-D + 0.075 mg L-1 picloram or 0.75 mg L-1 2,4-D without picloram. Only a few calli were induced from the anthers without cold pretreatment. The calli were transplanted to MS medium without phytohormones and cultured at 25ºC for plant regeneration. Among one hundred twenty root tips of the regenerated plantlets examined, 14.2% were haploid (n=8). However, in the plantlets regenerated from anthers without cold pre-treatment only 2.5% was haploid. In both haploid and diploid regenerated plantlets, the chromosome number was fixed without variation. Among the regenerated plantlets, one was albino. Haploid plantlets were transplanted to the field after acclimation in pots filled with vermiculite under 90% humidity for a month, and haploid plant were produced. The potential of haploid plants derived from anther culture for production of high-yield and good-quality cultivars is discussed. 相似文献
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荔枝"妃子笑"品种花药培养及其体胚发生 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以荔枝(LitchichinesisSonn.)品种“妃子笑”为试材,研究其花药离体培养及植株再生的影响因素。结果表明,荔枝花药在MS 2,4-D2mg/L NAA0.2mg/L以及含50g/L蔗糖的培养基上诱导胚性愈伤组织效果较好,把胚性愈伤组织转移到MS BA1mg/L NAA0.5mg/L,谷氨酰胺500mg/L,蔗糖50g/L分化培养基上培养1个月后,体胚大量萌发,再将成熟体胚转移到附加500mg/L谷氨酰胺的MS无激素培养基上,培养1￣2个月后,能再生成完整植株。 相似文献
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刚果12号桉离体组织的多倍体诱导 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以刚果12号桉（Eucalyptus 12ABL）下胚轴诱导出的愈伤组织及丛生芽为材料,采用浸渍法、点滴法、混培法等3种秋水仙碱处理法对其进行多倍体诱导.结果表明：在诱导愈伤组织时,浸渍法以处理时间为10 h与药液处理浓度为7 500mg/L、处理时间为22 h与药液处理浓度为2 500 mg/L的2个组合变异率最高,达到40%,点滴法以药液处理浓度为2 500mg/L变异率最高,达到42.9%;在诱导不定芽时,混培法以药液浓度为40 mg/L处理10 d的变异率最高,达到22.5%,点滴法以药液浓度为2 500mg/L的处理变异率最高,达到26.7%.多倍体植株形态特征表现为叶片肥厚宽大,叶色浓绿,茎较粗壮、气孔较大且数目较少,其染色体数目变为2n=4X=44. 相似文献
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Polyploid evolution is evident in several important taxonomic series of the tuber-bearing Solanums. Polyploids can result from the functioning of 2n gametes following both intra and inter-ploidy matings. The bilateral and unilateral sexual polyploidizations (BSP and USP, respectively) are greatly facilitated by the existence of genetically determined 2n gametes. Many species, in series containing polyploids, have individuals with 2n gametes. The genetic basis of 2n pollen formation has been established in Phurejahaploid Tuberosum hybrids, and the genetic basis of 2n egg formation is being investigated in these hybrids andS. chacoense. Preliminary results indicate that relatively few genes may be involved. FDR and to a lesser extent SDR 2n gametes avoid the inbreeding in the polyploid that is maximal with somatic doubling. The vigor, fertility and competitive ability of a founder polyploid are dependent on minimizing inbreeding depression. Even more important, polyploids, particularly from FDR 2n gametes, inherit the beneficial epistatic interactions of the parent(s). Genetically determined 2n gametes make systematic sexual polyploidization a recurring phenomenon in two ways. For example, initial BSP of two diploids gives rise to a tetraploid, and thereafter USP ensures continuing contact between ploidy levels resulting in unidirectional introgression. Triploids can also be involved in polyploid evolution if they produce 2n gametes by FDR. Artificial hybridizations indicate that 2n gametes, by overcoming crossing barriers between various ploidy levels, provide the opportunity for continuous gene flow. 相似文献