共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
四种拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂对枸杞蚜虫的毒力及对三磷酸腺苷酶和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为寻找防治枸杞蚜虫的适用药剂,采用玻璃管药膜法,测定了4种拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂对枸杞蚜虫的毒力及对其三磷酸腺苷酶(ATPase)和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSTs)活性的影响。结果表明:枸杞蚜虫对联苯菊酯最敏感,LC50值为4.34 mg/L;氯菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯和甲氰菊酯的LC50值分别为17.08、40.50和184.84 mg/L。4种杀虫剂对枸杞蚜虫两种ATPase活性均有抑制作用,药剂浓度为1×10-4mol/L时,4种药剂对Na+-K+-ATPase活性的抑制率均高于对Ca2+-M g2+-ATPase的抑制率,其中对Na+-K+-ATPase活性的抑制率从高到低依次为:联苯菊酯高效氯氰菊酯氯菊酯甲氰菊酯,而对Ca2+-M g2+-ATPase的抑制率则是联苯菊酯最高(46.41%),高效氯氰菊酯最低(33.04%)。4种药剂对枸杞蚜虫GSTs活性的影响差异较大:联苯菊酯在低浓度时对GSTs具有诱导作用,高浓度时则表现为一定的抑制作用;不同浓度高效氯氰菊酯和氯菊酯对GSTs活性均表现为抑制作用,抑制率最高达85.02%;而甲氰菊酯处理后GSTs的活性则升高了193.07%~249.96%。 相似文献
2.
BACKGROUND: Most insecticides used to control rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuscel) infestations are pyrethroids. However, pyrethroids are highly toxic to non‐target crayfish associated with rice–crayfish crop rotations. One solution to the near‐exclusive reliance on pyrethroids in a rice–crayfish pest management program is to incorporate neonicotinoid insecticides, which are insect specific and effective against weevils but not extremely toxic to crayfish. This study aimed to take the first step to assess neonicotinoids as alternatives to pyrethroids in rice–crayfish crop rotations by measuring the acute toxicities of three candidate neonicotinoid insecticides, clothianidin, dinotefuran and thiamethoxam, to juvenile Procambarus clarkii (Girard) crayfish and comparing them with the acute toxicities of two currently used pyrethroid insecticides, lambda‐cyhalothrin and etofenprox. RESULTS: Neonicotinoid insecticides are at least 2–3 orders of magnitude less acutely toxic (96 h LC50) than pyrethroids to juvenile Procambarid crayfish: lambda‐cyhalothrin (0.16 µg AI L?1) = etofenprox (0.29 µg AI L?1) ? clothianidin (59 µg AI L?1) > thiamethoxam (967 µg AI L?1) > dinotefuran (2032 µg AI L?1). CONCLUSION: Neonicotinoid insecticides appear to be much less hazardous alternatives to pyrethroids in rice–crayfish crop rotations. Further field‐level neonicotinoid acute and chronic toxicity testing with crayfish is needed. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
3.
为筛选防治农业新发害虫双委夜蛾Athetis dissimilis（Hampson）的有效药剂,采用浸叶法测定了其不同龄期幼虫对8类18种常用杀虫剂的敏感性,并观察了幼虫对不同药剂的中毒症状。结果表明:3~6龄双委夜蛾幼虫对辛硫磷、联苯菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、氯虫苯甲酰胺和溴氰虫酰胺的敏感性较高,LC50值为0.138 1~27.40 mg/L;3龄及4龄幼虫对毒死蜱、高效氯氰菊酯、氟啶脲、茚虫威和虫螨腈敏感性较高,LC50值小于22.63 mg/L,而5龄和6龄幼虫对上述药剂的敏感性均有所降低,LC50值大于38.13 mg/L;各龄期幼虫对甲基嘧啶磷、灭幼脲及新烟碱类杀虫剂的敏感性均较低,LC50值大于40.83 mg/L。双委夜蛾幼虫对不同类别杀虫剂的中毒症状存在差异,其中,经有机磷类、新烟碱类、吡咯类及齅二嗪类杀虫剂处理后,幼虫表现为体表干燥、体壁皱缩;而经拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂处理后幼虫表现为体壁柔软、充满体液。就生物活性测定结果而言,推荐溴氰虫酰胺、氯虫苯甲酰胺、辛硫磷、联苯菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯及甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐等药剂可用于双委夜蛾的应急防治。 相似文献
4.
嗜卷书虱和嗜虫书虱体内磷酸酯酶的生化与毒理学特性比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用药膜法对嗜卷书虱和嗜虫书虱进行生物测定,从5种杀虫剂对两种书虱的LC50可以看出,嗜卷书虱对两种拟除虫菊酯类药剂较嗜虫书虱敏感,嗜虫书虱对丁硫克百威较为敏感,而对有机磷类药剂的作用两种书虱的敏感性相似.两种书虱体内酸性磷酸酯酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酯酶(ALP)的活力比较结果表明:嗜卷书虱和嗜虫书虱体内ACP的比活力为分别14μmol/mg·30 min和2.2 μmol/mg·30 min,ALP的比活力分别为0.092μmol/mg·30 min和0.046μmol/mg·30 min.经方差分析,两种书虱ACP和ALP的比活力之间均存在显著性差异(p<0.05).动力学参数比较结果显示,两种书虱ACP的Vmax值之间的差异达到显著水平,而ALP的Km值之间存在显著性差异.离体试验结果表明,5种药剂对磷酸酯酶的作用各不相同,个别药剂在低浓度下表现诱导作用,说明磷酸酯酶在不同外源毒物的解毒代谢过程中所起的作用有所不同. 相似文献
5.
Steven B. Symington Hilliary E. HodgdonRichard K. Frisbie J. Marshall Clark 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2011,99(2):131-139
Isolated rat brain synaptosomes were used to evaluate the action of pyrethroid mixtures on Ca2+ influx and subsequent glutamate release under depolarizing conditions. In equipotent binary mixtures at their respective and/or estimated EC50s with deltamethrin always as one of the two components, cismethrin, λ-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, esfenvalerate and permethrin were additive and S-bioallethrin, fenpropathrin and tefluthrin were less-than-additive on Ca2+ influx. In binary mixtures with deltamethrin always as one of the two components, esfenvalerate, permethrin and tefluthrin were additive and λ-cyhalothrin was less-than-additive on glutamate release. Binary mixture of S-bioallethrin and cismethrin was additive for both Ca2+ influx and glutamate release. Only a subset of pyrethroids (S-bioallethrin, cismethrin, cypermethrin, and fenpropathrin) in binary mixtures with deltamethrin caused a more-than-additive effect on glutamate release. These binary mixtures were, however, only additive (cismethrin and cypermethrin) or less-than-additive (S-bioallethrin and fenpropathrin) on Ca2+ influx. Therefore, increased glutamate release evoked by this subset of pyrethroids in binary mixture with deltamethrin is not entirely occurring by Ca2+-dependent mechanisms via their action at voltage-sensitive calcium channels. These results suggest that pyrethroids do not share a common mode of toxicity at presynaptic nerve terminals from rat brain and appear to affect multiple target sites, including voltage-sensitive calcium, chloride and sodium channels. 相似文献
6.
Silva GA Picanço MC Bacci L Crespo AL Rosado JF Guedes RN 《Pest management science》2011,67(8):913-920
BACKGROUND: Insecticide resistance is a likely cause of field control failures of Tuta absoluta, but the subject has been little studied. Therefore, resistance to ten insecticides was surveyed in seven representative field populations of this species. The likelihood of control failures was assessed, as well as weather influence and the spatial dependence of insecticide resistance. RESULTS: No resistance or only low resistance levels were observed for pyrethroids (bifenthrin and permethrin), abamectin, spinosad, Bacillus thuringiensis and the mixture deltamethrin + triazophos (<12.5‐fold). In contrast, indoxacarb exhibited moderate levels of resistance (up to 27.5‐fold), and chitin synthesis inhibitors exhibited moderate to high levels of resistance (up to 222.3‐fold). Evidence of control failures was obtained for bifenthrin, permethrin, diflubenzuron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron and B. thuringiensis. Weather conditions favour resistance to some insecticides, and spatial dependence was observed only for bifenthrin and permethrin. CONCLUSION: Insecticide resistance in field populations of the tomato pinworm prevails for the insecticides nowadays most frequently used against them—the chitin synthesis inhibitors (diflubenzuron, triflumuron and teflubenzuron). Local selection favoured by weather conditions and dispersal seem important for pyrethroid resistance evolution among Brazilian populations of T. absoluta and should be considered in designing pest management programmes. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
7.
James D. Thomas Jeffrey S. Mink David J. Boethel Alan T. Wier B. Roger Leonard 《Pest management science》1994,40(3):239-243
Two experimental insecticides, AC 303,630 and MK 244, were tested against a laboratory colony and three field strains of Pseudoplusia includens (Walker). Topical application bioassays indicated that permethrin resistance in the field strains ranged from 3.9 to 489.0-fold. In leaf dip bioassays, LC50 and LC90 values for AC 303,630 ranged from 6.7 to 15.1 mg litre ?1 and 8.7 to 28.2 mg litre ?1, respectively, for third-instar larvae. The Louisiana 1991 field strain was significantly more susceptible to AC 303,630 than the laboratory and other field strains. The LC50 (but not LC90) for the Louisiana 1992 field strain was significantly higher than that of the laboratory strain. However, there was no difference in toxicity of AC 303,630 between the field strain with the highest level of permethrin resistance and the laboratory strain. LC50 and LC90 values for MK 244 in leaf dip bioassays ranged from 0.014 to 0.023 mg litre ?1 and 0.079 to 0.174 mg litre ?1, respectively. There were no significant differences in LC 50 or LC 90 among any of the strains for MK 244. Field trials in soybean were also conducted in 1991 and 1992 in an area of Louisiana where permethrin efficacy against P. includens has declined. In both years, AC 303,630 at 0.11–0.22 kg ha ?1, and MK 244 at 0.0042–0.0084 kg ha ?1, provided significantly better control than permethrin at 0.11 kg ha ?1, and control equal to the recommended standard, thiodicarb. These studies indicate no cross-resistance exists between the experimental insecticides and permethrin. 相似文献
8.
Gary C Barbee W Ray McClain Srinivas K Lanka Michael J Stout 《Pest management science》2010,66(9):996-1001
BACKGROUND: Chlorantraniliprole, a novel anthranilic diamide insecticide, was recently introduced into the United States where rice–crayfish crop rotations are practiced to control rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel) infestations. Chlorantraniliprole has high margins of mammalian safety and excellent insecticidal efficacy, but its toxicity to non‐target crayfish is uncertain. In this study, the acute toxicity of chlorantraniliprole to the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii Girard was determined using aquatic and feeding assays. RESULTS: The aquatic 96 h median lethal toxicity (LC50) data indicate that technical‐grade chlorantraniliprole is highly toxic (US EPA category) to crayfish with an LC50 of 951 µg L?1 (95% CL = 741–1118 µg L?1). A no observed effect concentration (NOEC) of 480 µg L?1 was recorded. Neither the 36 day chronic feeding study, where crayfish fed on chlorantraniliprole‐treated rice seed in aquaria, nor the 144 h acute feeding test, where crayfish fed on rice seeds treated with chlorantraniliprole, produced mortality or abnormal behavior. CONCLUSION: Chlorantraniliprole is three orders of magnitude less acutely toxic to P. clarkii than lambda‐cyhalothrin and etofenprox, two pyrethroid insecticides also used in rice, and is less likely to cause acute crayfish toxicity in rice pond ecosystems. Based on acute toxicity data, the use of chlorantraniliprole should be more compatible with rice–crayfish crop rotations than pyrethroids. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
9.
研究树下土表施药防治桃小食心虫越冬幼虫的取代药剂。用毒土法测定了分属4类的13种药剂对桃小食心虫越冬幼虫的触杀毒力,其结果以毒死蜱、三唑磷、高效氯氟氰菊酯、甲基对硫磷和辛硫磷毒力较高,LC_(90)值依次为18．38、22．48、35．95、47．63及49．57 mg·kg~(-1),甲氰菊酯、丙溴磷、阿维菌素、甲胺基阿维菌素、氰戊菊酯、马拉硫磷、丙硫克百威和丁硫克百威LC_(90)值处于77．11～205．86mg·kg~(-1)之间。用高效液相色谱法测定了毒力较高的毒死蜱、三唑磷、高效氯氟氰菊酯以及阿维菌素在土壤中的降解动态,半衰期分别为8．28、11．37、10．17及19．70天。欲达30天的有效控制期,按LC_(90)值计算,这4种药剂在土壤中的初施浓度应分别为226．36、139．90、278．03及346．81mg·kg~(-1)。从药剂毒力、降解速率、相同控制期所需剂量及应用成本综合评价,毒死蜱、三唑磷具有较高的应用价值。 相似文献
10.
分别采用浸渍法和药膜法测定了辛硫磷对枸杞木虱不同发育期若虫和成虫的毒力,同时测定了辛硫磷对不同龄期枸杞木虱羧酸酯酶（CarE）活性的抑制作用及酶的动力学常数。结果表明:辛硫磷对枸杞木虱的LC50值随若虫龄期的增大而升高,至成虫期再相对降低,其对5龄若虫的LC50值为0.995 mg/L,是对1龄若虫LC50值（0.047 mg/L）的21.2倍。辛硫磷对不同龄期枸杞木虱羧酸酯酶活性的抑制作用I50值及酶的Km和Vmax值也均随着试虫龄期的增大而升高,至成虫期则I50值稍有降低。研究表明,辛硫磷对枸杞木虱的毒力与对其羧酸酯酶活性的抑制作用间存在密切关系,利用辛硫磷防治枸杞木虱时,以选择龄期较低时用药为宜。 相似文献
11.
Hector Masuh Emilia Seccacini Susana A de Licastro Eduardo Zerba 《Pest management science》2000,56(12):1073-1076
Isomers of pyrethroids usually have different insecticidal activities. Permethrin, a non‐cyano pyrethroid, is not an exception and cis‐permethrin is much more active than the trans‐isomer against Triatoma infestans, vector of Chagas' Disease in Argentina. The large‐scale separation of cis‐ and trans‐permethrin was performed by successive recrystallizations from ethanol‐water mixtures. An aqueous suspension concentrate (flowable) formulation of pure crystalline cis‐permethrin was prepared and assayed for its insecticidal activity on wood and ceramic surfaces against nymph V of T infestans. This formulation was at least three times more effective than deltamethrin, with LC50 values on ceramic of 0.11 µg cm−2 and 0.33 µg cm−2 respectively. On wood surfaces, the LC50 value was 0.57 µg cm−2 compared with 3.20 µg cm−2 for deltamethrin. Against other insect species such as Periplaneta americana, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus, the suspension concentrate formulation of cis‐permethrin was, however, less effective than similar formulations of deltamethrin or β‐cypermethrin. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
12.
杀虫药剂混用对棉铃虫乙酰胆碱酯酶和羧酸酯酶的联合抑制作用研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选用辛硫磷、对硫磷、敌敌畏和氧乐果4种有机磷类杀虫剂以及灭多威和甲萘威两种氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂分别以1∶1、1∶3和3∶1的比例混用,以棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera为试虫,分别测得单剂和混剂对其乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)和羧酸酯酶(CarE)的抑制中浓度(I50),以联合抑制系数作为增效作用的参考指标进行了比较。研究发现,两种药剂不同配比的混剂对同种酯酶的联合抑制作用也往往不同。对AChE和CarE同时具有抑制作用的只有其中的对硫磷＋甲萘威(1∶3)、辛硫磷+对硫磷(1∶3)和灭多威+氧乐果(1∶3),而甲萘威+敌敌畏(1∶3)、甲萘威＋氧乐果(1∶1)、辛硫磷+甲萘威(1∶1)、对硫磷+氧乐果(1∶1)、对硫磷+氧乐果(1∶3)、敌敌畏+氧乐果(1∶3)、灭多威+对硫磷(1∶1) 7种混剂对AChE和CarE都具有拮抗作用。 相似文献
13.
药剂对小菜蛾抗性及敏感品系乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制作用比较 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
采用浸叶法测定了云南通海、元谋和澜沧的小菜蛾plutella xylostella田间种群对常用杀虫剂的抗药性。结果表明,云南上述地区小菜蛾田间种群对各类杀虫剂均产生了不同程度的抗性。对有机磷类药剂的抗药性为1.74~31.1倍;对菊酯类药剂的抗药性为7.41~764倍;对阿维菌素类药剂则产生了 5.60~4.06×104倍的抗性。通过离体和活体试验测定了药剂对小菜蛾头部乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)的抑制作用。敌敌畏和灭多威对通海抗性品系AChE离体和活体内的抑制中浓度(I50)分别是敏感品系的209、26.5倍和2.21、2.16倍;敌敌畏对通海小菜蛾种群的离体和活体内抑制中时间(IT50)小于敏感品系,分别是敏感品系的0.32和0.17倍;而灭多威对通海小菜蛾种群的离体和活体内抑制中时间(IT50)则大于敏感品系,分别是敏感品系的1.37和1.74倍。 相似文献
14.
Melissa C. Hardstone 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2007,89(3):175-184
The cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases (P450s) are an important enzymatic system that metabolizes xenobiotics (e.g., pesticides), as well as endogenous compounds (e.g., hormones). P450-mediated metabolism can result in detoxification of insecticides such as pyrethroids, or can be involved in the bioactivation and detoxification of insecticides such as organophosphates. We isolated (from the JPAL strain) a permethrin resistant strain (ISOP450) of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, having 1300-fold permethrin resistance using standard backcrossing procedures. ISOP450 is highly related to the susceptible lab strain (SLAB) and the high resistance to permethrin is due solely to P450-mediated detoxification. This is the first time in mosquitoes that P450 monooxygenase involvement in pyrethroid resistance has been isolated and studied without the confounding effects of kdr. Resistance in ISOP450 is incompletely dominant (D = +0.3), autosomally linked, and monofactorally inherited. It is expressed in the larvae, but not in adults. Cross-resistance to pyrethroids lacking a 3-phenoxybenzyl moiety (tetramethrin, fenfluthrin, bioallethrin, and bifenthrin) ranged from 1.5- to 12-fold. ISOP450 had only limited (6.6- and 11-fold) cross-resistance to 3-phenoxybenzyl pyrethroids with an α-cyano group (cypermethrin and deltamethrin, respectively). Examination of cross-resistance patterns to organophosphate insecticides in ISOP450 showed an 8-fold resistance to fenitrothion, while low, but significant, levels of negative cross-resistance were found for malathion (RR = 0.84), temephos (RR = 0.73), and methyl-parathion (RR = 0.55). The importance and uniqueness of this P450 mechanism in insecticide resistance is discussed. 相似文献
15.
The effect of sublethal concentrations (LC1 and LC50) of permethrin, fenvalerate, methamidophos and carbaryl on diamondback moth development, female fecundity and insect behaviour was investigated. All the insecticides had deleterious effects on the number of larvae surviving to pupae, the duration of the pupal period, the number of pupae surviving to adulthood, and cocoon formation in pupae. Prolonged duration of the larval period, from third instar to pupation, and deformed pupae were also observed. Permethrin, fenvalerate and carbaryl caused latent toxicity and deformed wings in the adults. Pyrethroids and methamidophos reduced the longevity of the adults whereas carbaryl increased it. Except for permethrin, the insecticides inhibited female fecundity. At LC1 and LC50 concentrations, the pyrethroids showed both repellent and antifeedant activity against larvae, and female moths preferred to oviposit on untreated leaf discs rather than on those treated with the pyrethroids at concentrations equal to their LC50 values. 相似文献
16.
BACKGROUND: Information on the insecticide susceptibility of striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker), is essential for an effective pest management programme. An early detection of resistance development can prompt the modification of current control methods and increase the lifespan of insecticides through the rotation of chemicals with different modes of action. In this study, the susceptibility of this pest in Taiwan to four classes of insecticides has been examined. RESULTS: Over 1000‐fold resistance to carbofuran was detected in C. suppressalis collected from Chiayi and Changhua prefectures, with estimated LC50 values of > 3 mg cm?2. In addition, 61‐fold resistance to cartap was found in the Chiayi population. On the other hand, all tested populations of rice stem borer were still relatively susceptible to chlorpyrifos, fipronil and permethrin, with LC50 values ranging from 30 to 553 ng cm?2. Chilo suppressalis populations collected from the central parts of Taiwan have a higher degree of resistance to the tested insecticides than those from northern areas. CONCLUSION: The occurrence of high resistance to carbofuran in the Chiayi and Changhua areas suggests that this compound should be replaced with chemicals having a different mode of action, such as chlorpyrifos, fipronil and permethrin, to which low cross‐resistance has been detected. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
17.
BACKGROUND: Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) pyrethroid resistance monitoring programs typically utilize cypermethrin in the adult vial test. Here we investigated if differences in insect growth stage and pyrethroid structure affect resistance ratios and discuss implications for pyrethroid resistance management. RESULTS: Vial bioassays with cypermethrin, esfenvalerate and bifenthrin were conducted on H. zea third instars and male moths from a susceptible laboratory colony and the F1 generation of a pyrethroid‐resistant field population. In the susceptible population, both growth stages were most sensitive to bifenthrin and adults were more sensitive to esfenvalerate than cypermethrin. LC50 resistance ratios for the larvae and adults of the resistant population were approximately two times higher for bifenthrin than cypermethrin or esfenvalerate. CONCLUSION: For the resistant population, vial assays using either growth stage gave similar resistance ratios for each of the three pyrethroids, respectively, proving the adult vial test accurately reflects larval resistance. However, as resistance ratios varied considerably depending on the pyrethroid used, resistance ratio values obtained with one pyrethroid may not be predictive of resistance ratios for other pyrethroids. Our results suggest that carefully chosen pyrethroid structures diagnostic for specific mechanisms of resistance could improve regional monitoring programs. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
18.
昆虫病原线虫H06与化学杀虫剂对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的联合作用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为合理协调生物防治与化学防治,在室内测定了昆虫病原线虫与杀虫剂的联合作用。结果表明,昆虫病原线虫Heterorhabditis bacteriphora H06(150~300条/虫)对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊Bradysina odoriphaga幼虫(韭蛆)的侵染致死率为1.2%~23.8%。4种杀虫剂对韭蛆的LC50值为0.34 ~8.79 mg/L,毒力大小依次为楝素>毒死蜱>辛硫磷>吡虫啉;杀虫剂对H06线虫的LC50值为595 ~4 388 mg/L。将H06线虫(150条/虫)分别与4种杀虫剂混合处理韭蛆,韭蛆死亡率明显高于线虫和杀虫剂单用处理。药后2 d,辛硫磷12.5 ~100 mg/L+H06处理的韭蛆死亡率为73.0% ~82.0%,辛硫磷单用时死亡率为38.0% ~60.0%;楝素0.16 ~1.25 mg/L+H06处理的死亡率为90.0% ~97.5%,楝素单用时的死亡率为13.8% ~37.5%;毒死蜱15 ~120 mg/L和吡虫啉1.56 ~12.54 mg/L单用时韭蛆的死亡率分别为14.0% ~28.0%和0% ~7.5%,与H06线虫混用处理的死亡率分别为50.0% ~65.0%和58.8% ~80.0%。药后5 d,毒死蜱和吡虫啉与H06线虫对韭蛆的联合致死率分别达87.0% ~95.0%和61.3% ~88.8%。结果表明,昆虫病原线虫与上述4种杀虫剂联合防治韭蛆具有更好的效果。 相似文献
19.
Johannes Keiding 《Pest management science》1976,7(3):283-291
Houseflies (Musca domestica) on Danish farms have developed high multiresistance to organophosphorus compounds, after successive use of several OPs, mainly dimethoate, in recent years. Topical application tests 1971–73 with flies from many farms showed that the high OP-resistance did not involve resistance to pyrethroids (± the synergist piperonyl butoxide (pb)) above a level of 3–7 x, unless field pressure with synergised pyrethrum (py/pb) or other pyrethroids was applied. In 1971–72 moderate to high, often heterogeneous, pyrethroid resistance was found on a few trial farms treated frequently with pyrethroid aerosols (mainly py/pb) and in 1973 on most of 23 trial farms treated intensively with aerosols (or space spray) containing py/pb, bioresmethrin ± pb, tetramethrin/pb or tetramethrin/resmethrin. The effect of field pressure with these different pyrethroids on development of pyrethroid resistance is summarised and discussed. Maximum resistance ratios, R/S at LD50-LD95, were: py/pb (1:5), 40->100; bioresmethrin, 191–770; bioresmethrin/pb (1:5), 55–133; tetramethrin/pb (1:5), 171->200; tetramethrin/resmethrin (1:5), 78->370. The intensity of selection pressure with pyrethroids is believed to be an important factor. Although py/pb has been widely used as a supplementary fly control on Danish non-trial farms, pyrethroid resistance has only been found on a few of them. 相似文献
20.
Organophosphorus, pyrethroid and chloronicotinyl insecticides have been used to control termites in building structures in recent years. We investigated the degradation behaviour of three insecticides (bifenthrin, chlorpyrifos and imidacloprid) at termiticidal application rates under standard laboratory conditions (25 °C, 60% field moisture capacity and darkness) for 24 months. The study was carried out on one soil and two bedding materials (sand-dolomite and quarry sand), which are commonly used under housing in Australia. Experiments were also conducted to examine the effect of soil moisture on the degradation of these insecticides. Insecticide residues in the samples collected at different days after application were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The rate of degradation of bifenthrin and imidacloprid insecticides was adequately described by a first-order kinetic model (r2 = 0.93–0.97). However, chlorpyrifos degradation was biphasic, showing an initial faster degradation followed by a slower rate. Therefore, the degradation data during the slower phase only (after a two-month period) followed the first-order law (r2 = 0.95). Soil moisture had little effect on degradation of imidacloprid and bifenthrin. Among the three insecticides, bifenthrin and imidacloprid were most stable and chlorpyrifos the least. Chlorpyrifos showed a major loss (75–90%) of residue during the 24 months incubation period. In the bedding materials, simultaneous accumulation of the primary metabolite of chlorpyrifos, TCP (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol) was observed. Hydrolysis appeared to have caused the observed rapid loss of chlorpyrifos, especially in the highly alkaline bedding materials (sand-dolomite and quarry sand). © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献