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1.
BACKGROUND: Biological control of phytophagous mites in orchards requires that pesticides used to manage other arthropod pests or diseases are harmless to predacious mites, as these are essential to keep phytophagous mites at non‐injurious population levels. This study evaluates the possible toxic attributes of acetamiprid, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, spirodiclofen, spinosad and methoxyfenoxide currently used in western Canadian orchards. RESULTS: None of these pesticides has any ovicidal properties against Galendromus occidentalis (Nesbitt). Imidacloprid and acetamiprid were highly toxic to the adults and reduced fecundity significantly. Thiamethoxam and spirodiclofen were non‐toxic to adults, but they slightly reduced fecundity. Thiacloprid, spinosad and methoxyfenoxide were harmless to adults and had no effect on fecundity. All compounds showed some repellence at 24 h intervals for 72 h. CONCLUSIONS: Imidacloprid and acetamiprid are incompatible with IPM programs because they are toxic to adults and negatively affect fecundity. Thiamethoxam and spirodiclofen need further field evaluation to determine if they are compatible with IPM programs because they slightly reduced fecundity. Thiacloprid, spinosad and methoxyfenoxide are harmless to adults, but they are slightly repellent. Therefore, with the exception of imidacloprid and acetamiprid, all these compounds should be field tested for compatibility in an IPM program. © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd  相似文献   

2.
The toxicity of pirimicarb, imidacloprid, dimethoate, lambda-cyhalothrin, flonicamid and spinosad to the two-spot ladybird, Adalia bipunctata, was evaluated in a laboratory study. Susceptibility of fourth instars and female adults was assessed by measuring toxicity via residual contact and ingestion through feeding on contaminated green peach aphids (Myzus persicae). Flonicamid and spinosad had no lethal effects on larvae and female adults. Pirimicarb was harmless to the predator by ingestion exposure but showed some residual toxicity at high concentrations to both larval and adult stages. Imidacloprid was highly toxic to the larval stage by residual and ingestion exposure but caused very low adult mortality when ingested through contaminated prey. Dimethoate and lambda-cyhalothrin were highly toxic to both the larval and adult stages of the ladybird. Our findings indicate that pest management programs in agricultural crops using dimethoate, lambda-cyhalothrin and, to a lesser degree, imidacloprid, are detrimental to A. bipunctata, whereas pirimicarb, flonicamid and spinosad are more compatible with the use of this predator.  相似文献   

3.
Hyaliodes vitripennis (Say) is a univoltine indigenous predacious mirid. It has been reported in several orchards where IPM programmes are used. It is a generalist, and feeds on phytophagous mites in addition to other arthropods. In Quebec, a foliar application of imidacloprid, deltamethrin or lambda‐cyhalothrin is used at least once per season to manage arthropod pests such as leafhoppers and leaf‐eating caterpillars. Meanwhile, several applications of metiram, flusilazole, myclobutanil and mancozeb are made to control apple scab [Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) Winter]. In laboratory trials, comparison of lethal concentrations of the three insecticides against H vitripennis nymphs and adults showed no significant difference. However, when lethal concentrations were compared between two growth stages for each insecticide, a significant difference was noted between adults and nymphs treated with lambda‐cyhalothrin, adults being more susceptible than nymphs. No such difference could be detected for imidacloprid or deltamethrin. When LC50 values were compared with the manufacturer's label rates, deltamethrin and imidacloprid were toxic to the nymphs and adults, and lambda‐cyhalothrin was slightly toxic to the nymphs and moderately toxic to the adults. Among the fungicides evaluated in the laboratory, myclobutanil showed moderate toxicity to adults at the manufacturer's label rate. The remaining fungicides had no toxic effects to adults or nymphs, even at four times the manufacturer's label rate. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

4.
BACKGROUND: The housefly, Musca domestica L., and stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) are cosmopolitan pests of both farm and home environments. Houseflies have been shown to be resistant to a variety of insecticides, and new chemistries are slow to emerge on the market. Toxicities of selected semiochemicals with molecular structures indicative of insecticidal activity were determined against adults from an insecticide‐susceptible laboratory strain of houseflies. The three most active semiochemicals were also evaluated against recently colonized housefly and stable fly strains. RESULTS: Nineteen semiochemicals classified as aliphatic alcohols, terpenoids, ketones and carboxylic esters showed toxicity to houseflies and stable flies. Rosalva (LC50 = 25.98 µg cm?2) followed by geranyl acetone and citronellol (LC50 = 49.97 and 50.02 µg cm?2) were identified as the most toxic compounds to houseflies. Permethrin was up to 144‐fold more toxic than rosalva on the susceptible strain. However, it was only 35‐fold more toxic to the insecticide‐tolerant field strain. The compounds generated high toxicity to stable flies, with LC50 values ranging from 16.30 to 40.41 µg cm?2. CONCLUSION: Quantification of LC50 values of rosalva, citronellol and geranyl acetone against susceptible housefly and field‐collected housefly and stable fly strains showed that semiochemicals could serve as potent insecticides for fly control programs. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

5.
BACKGROUND: The insecticides spinosad and deltamethrin are being increasingly used in pest management programmes. In order to assess further their toxic effects to target and non‐target insect species, an evaluation was made of their insecticidal profile on Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) and Drosophila melanogaster (Meig.). Moreover, possible genotoxic effects of the two pesticides were investigated using the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in D. melanogaster. RESULTS: Both insecticides were highly effective against B. oleae, exhibiting similar LC50 values. Moreover, they were found to be more effective against Bactrocera than against Drosophila adults. However, spinosad was significantly more toxic than deltamethrin to D. melanogaster. The results showed a lack of genotoxic activity of both insecticides under the in vivo experimental procedure employed, at least at applied doses. CONCLUSION: The present study provides information for lethal and sublethal effects of spinosad and deltamethrin against a target and a non‐target species. Both insecticides can exert high toxicity to B. oleae when adults are exposed even to very low doses for long periods of time. The results contribute to the database on the genotoxic potential of spinosad and deltamethrin, suggesting a safety profile for both insecticides. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

6.
BACKGROUND: Upon emergence from their pupal cells, bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), adults actively seek and feed on plant exudates before they disperse and reproduce on suitable host plants. This nocturnal behavior of the bollworm may be exploited as a pest management strategy for suppression of the insect by using an attractant/stimulant mixed with an insecticide to induce feeding to cause adult mortality or reproductive reduction/inhibition. This study aimed to determine in the laboratory whether or not spinosad when mixed with sucrose solution as a feeding stimulant and ingested by bollworm could influence mortality and reproduction of the insect. RESULTS: Sublethal concentrations of spinosad fed to laboratory‐reared females confined with males significantly reduced percentage hatch of eggs at 0.1 mg L?1, and it was reduced to near zero at 2.5 mg L?1 when compared with females fed 2.5 M sucrose solutions only. The lethal concentration (LC99) for males captured from the field in sex‐pheromone‐baited traps was 73 mg L?1 for 24 h response. Proboscis extension response was not inhibited significantly even at 10 g L?1. In spite of a 137‐fold increase in lethal dose concentration, spinosad did not inhibit feeding. CONCLUSION: A detailed study of laboratory‐reared and field‐collected bollworm adults relative to mortality and reproduction after ingestion of spinosad indicates that spinosad would be useful in an attract‐and‐kill strategy to control the insect when mixed with a feeding attractant/stimulant. Field validation of the data is warranted. Published 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

7.
Susceptibility to spinosad (Success®/Tracer®) of beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) from the southern USA and Southeast Asia was determined through exposure of second‐ and third‐instar larvae to dipped cotton leaves. LC50 estimates of susceptibility of second‐ and third‐instar larvae of field populations ranged from 0.279 to 6.14 and 0.589 to 14.0 mg spinosad litre−1, respectively. A Thailand population was 22‐ and 24‐fold less susceptible than the six other US field populations evaluated, and 85‐ and 58‐fold less susceptible than a reference laboratory population, respectively. From these results, we initiated experiments to test the hypothesis that the Thailand population was resistant to spinosad. F1 crosses between the resistant Thailand population and a susceptible reference strain yielded individuals that were 22‐fold less sensitive to spinosad than the susceptible parent. This same resistant strain exhibited significantly greater survivorship on plants treated with spinosad in the field. Lastly, selection of an Arizona population resulted in a significant reduction in susceptibility to spinosad, further substantiating the hypothesis of a genetic basis for resistance to spinosad. These findings indicate a vulnerability of this new insecticide to resistance development in beet armyworm and should serve as a warning against excessive use of it. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

8.
Insecticides which were environmentally friendly and the least toxic, were screened against a laboratory strain ofBracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) for their suitability for release in IPM of cotton. Concentrations ranging from 1 to 1000 ppm of the formulated insecticides in acetone were applied in glass vials and also by a leaf method, whereby cotton leaves were dipped in aqueous solutions of the same concentrations of insecticides. Adult parasitoids were exposed in both methods. According to the LC50 at 24 h exposure, Λ-cyhalothrin and spinosad were the most (7 and 5 ppm) and least (263 and 225 ppm) toxic in the vial and the leaf method, respectively, toB. hebetor. The possible use of the parasitoid for IPM of cotton is discussed. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 20, 2006.  相似文献   

9.
BACKGROUND: Recent studies have indicated that spinosad, a mixture of two tetracyclic macrolide compounds produced during the fermentation of a soil actinomycete, may be suitable for controlling a number of medically important mosquito species, including the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti L. The authors determined the effects of a 1 h exposure to a 50% lethal concentration (LC50) of spinosad in the larval stage on the wing length, longevity and reproductive capacity of the adult survivors. RESULTS: The LC50 of spinosad for a wild‐caught population of Ae. aegypti from Chiapas, southern Mexico, was estimated to be 0.06 mg AI L?1 in late third instars. Paradoxically, the female survivors of exposure to this concentration were significantly larger (as determined by wing length) laid more eggs, but were slightly less fertile than control females. This was probably due to elimination of the smaller and more susceptible fraction of mosquito larvae from the experimental population following spinosad treatment. Male survivors, in contrast, were significantly smaller than controls. No significant differences were detected in the adult longevity of treated and control insects of either sex. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in reproductive capacity of spinosad‐treated females did not compensate for mortality in the larval stage and would be unlikely to result in population increase in this mosquito under the conditions that were employed. Sustained‐release formulations would likely assist in minimizing the occurrence of sublethal concentrations of this naturally derived product in mosquito breeding sites. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

10.
BACKGROUND: Imidacloprid is the primary insecticide for controlling the tobacco‐adapted form of the green peach aphid (TGPA), Myzus persicae (Sulzer), a major pest of tobacco worldwide. This study used leaf‐dip bioassays to assess TGPA resistance to imidacloprid in the eastern United States from 2004 through 2007. RESULTS: When combined over the 4 year study, 18, 14 and 3% of the TGPA had imidacloprid resistance ratios (RRs) of 10–20‐fold, 20–30‐fold and 30–90‐fold, respectively, compared with the most susceptible colony tested. This indicates that some colonies have developed moderate levels of resistance to imidacloprid. A colony collected near Clayton, North Carolina, had the highest RR of 91 (LC50 value = 31 mg L?1). This resistance declined for six tests over a 3 year period in the laboratory culture from >130‐fold RR (LC50 = 48 mg L?1) to 40‐fold RR (LC50 = 15 mg L?1). Over the same period, the most susceptible colony and a standard colony not exposed to imidacloprid for over 7 years had consistently low LC50 values. CONCLUSION: Moderate levels of resistance to imidacloprid are noticed among TGPA colonies from the eastern United States. The variation in resistance indicates that the factors responsible are present in the populations at low frequencies and are just not enough to cause field failures yet. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

11.
Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effect of the naturally derived compound spinosad on Ceratitis capitata Wied. (Diptera, Tephritidae). The organophosphate fenthion was used as a standard. Direct dose-dependent mortality and reduced fecundity were observed in oral treatment of adults with spinosad. The LC90 values 14 h and seven days after treatment were 19·50 and 0·49 mg litre−1 respectively. Fenthion was less active (the LC50 eight days after treatment was 1·17 mg litre−1) and did not affect the fecundity of the fly. Adults were also very susceptible to spinosad and fenthion via residual contact. For spinosad, 100% mortality was recorded 48 h after treatment for a dose of 10 mg litre−1. Spinosad was more effective than fenthion in suppressing larval development when neonate larvae were reared on treated diet supplemented with a range of concentrations from 0·02 to 0·83 mg kg−1 diet. Last-instar larvae were much less susceptible to spinosad or fenthion when exposed via dipping or when they pupated in treated medium and both products had similar performance. A lack of ovicidal activity was observed in direct egg-treatments with spinosad but significant reductions from 1 mg litre−1 onwards were recorded for fenthion.  相似文献   

12.
The frequency of resistance of eight strains of house flies, Musca domestica L., collected from caged‐layer poultry facilities across New York state, to nine insecticides (dimethoate, tetrachlorvinphos, permethrin, cyfluthrin, pyrethrins, methomyl, fipronil, spinosad and cyromazine) was measured relative to a laboratory susceptible strain. Percentage survival was evaluated at five diagnostic concentrations: susceptible strain LC99, 3 × LC99, 10 × LC99, 30 × LC99 and 100 × LC99. The highest levels of resistance were noted for tetrachlorvinphos, permethrin and cyfluthrin. There was substantial variation in the levels of resistance to the different insecticides from one facility to another, independent of their geographical location. There was very little cross‐resistance detected in these populations to either fipronil or spinosad. Overall, there was a good correlation between insecticide use histories and the levels of resistance. The apparent isolation of fly populations within poultry facilities suggests that there are good opportunities for the implementation of successful resistance management strategies at these facilities. Differences between these results and those of a resistance survey on New York dairy farms in 1987 are discussed. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

13.
BACKGROUND: Bemisia tabaci Gennadius Q‐biotype has readily developed resistance to numerous insecticide classes. Studies in the Mediterranean area are needed to clarify the resistance status and cross‐resistance patterns in this invasive whitefly biotype. The levels of resistance in nymphs of seven strains of B. tabaci Q‐biotype from south‐eastern Spain to representative insecticides were determined. RESULTS: Six populations had low to moderate levels of resistance to azadirachtin (0.2‐ to 7‐fold), buprofezin (11‐ to 59‐fold), imidacloprid (1‐ to 15‐fold), methomyl (3‐ to 55‐fold), pyridaben (0.9‐ to 9‐fold), pyriproxyfen (0.7‐ to 15‐fold) and spiromesifen (1‐ to 7‐fold), when compared with a contemporary Spanish Q‐biotype reference population (LC50 = 2.7, 8.7, 15.2, 19.9, 0.34, 20.9 and 1.1 mg L?1 respectively). A single population collected from a greenhouse subject to intensive insecticide use exhibited generally higher resistance levels to the same array of compounds (31‐, 1164‐, 3‐, 52‐, 9‐, 19‐ and 3‐fold respectively). Pyridaben and spiromesifen were extremely effective against nymphs of all strains, with LC50 values significantly below recommended application rates. CONCLUSION: In contrast to previous reports, high rates of efficacy exist for numerous insecticide classes against B. tabaci Q‐biotype populations in these intensive agricultural regions of south‐eastern Spain. This probably reflects the recent and significant reductions in exposure that have resulted from a wider uptake of IPM technologies and strategies. However, the continued presence of resistance genes also suggests that a reversion to levels of high insecticide exposure could result in a rapid selection for resistance. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

14.

Background

Although the pupal parasitoid Trichopria drosophilae is used in conservative and augmentative biocontrol of Drosophila suzukii infestations, current pest management strategies mostly rely on multiple insecticide applications. In this context, the aim of the study was to investigate the baseline toxicity of nine insecticides on D. suzukii larvae and their multiple sublethal effects (LC10) on immature stages of the pest feeding on contaminated diet and T. drosophilae developing within the intoxicated host.

Results

Chlorpyriphos and azadirachtin showed the lowest and the highest LC10, the values of which were 9.78 × 1013 and 1.46 × 103 times lower than their recommended label field rate, respectively. Among tested insecticides, imidacloprid, malathion and dimethoate were the only treatments that did not affect the juvenile development time of D. suzukii, while spinosad and the organophosphates chlorpyriphos and dimethoate did not influence fly pupal size. No sublethal effects were recorded on T. drosophilae degree of infestation (DI) and juvenile development time. On the contrary, cyazypyr and dimethoate negatively affected the success of parasitism (SP) and the number of progeny of the pupal parasitoid, in association with malathion for the first parameter and spinosad for the fertility. Compared to the untreated control, more female progeny emerged following azadirachtin exposure, while dimethoate caused the opposite effect. Imidacloprid, lambda-cyhalothrin and spinetoram decreased hind tibia length of emerged parasitoids.

Conclusion

This study provides new insights on the (eco)toxicological profile of nine insecticides and new information needed to support the deployment of T. drosophilae in the field within the sustainable management techniques against D. suzukii. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.  相似文献   

15.
BACKGROUND: The housefly, Musca domestica L., continues to be a major pest of confined livestock operations. Houseflies have developed resistance to most chemical classes, and new chemistries for use in animal agriculture are increasingly slow to emerge. Five adult housefly strains from four Florida dairy farms were evaluated for resistance to four insecticides (beta‐cyfluthrin, permethrin, imidacloprid and nithiazine). RESULTS: Significant levels of tolerance were found in most field strains to all insecticides, and in some cases substantial resistance was apparent (as deduced from comparison with prior published results). At the LC90 level, greater than 20‐fold resistance was found in two of the fly strains for permethrin and one fly strain for imidacloprid. Beta‐cyfluthrin LC90 resistance ratios exceeded tenfold resistance in three fly strains. The relatively underutilized insecticide nithiazine had the lowest resistance ratios; however, fourfold LC90 resistance was observed in one southern Florida fly strain. Farm insecticide use and its impact on resistance selection in Florida housefly populations are discussed. CONCLUSION: Housefly resistance to pyrethroids is widespread in Florida. Imidacloprid resistance is emerging, and tolerance was observed to both imidacloprid and nithiazine. If these insecticides are to retain efficacy, producer use must be restrained. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

16.
The residual toxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin on leaves from a treated apple orchard to a mite predator,Amblyseius fallacis (Garman), in the laboratory, declined to one-third of its original level within 3 weeks. The absence ofA. fallacis on apple trees during the pink bud stage coupled with the results of this study pave the way for the development of integrated pest management strategies where key pre-bloom pests, such as the tarnished plant bug,Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), may be controlled with lambda-cyhalothrin with little if any toxic effects to the predator later in the season. Two years of field testing indicated that 10 g a.i./ha of lambda-cyhalothrin applied at pink was very effective against the tarnished plant bug.  相似文献   

17.
Resistance against dicofol was investigated in the carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus. Higher resistance levels were detected by leaf residual bioassays than by topical bioassays, both done using a Potter spray tower, in almost all populations of T cinnabarinus examined from Antalya, Turkey. For instance, the resistance level at LC95 was 17.5‐fold in topical bioassays but 58.9‐fold in leaf residual bioassays for the population collected from greenhouses in the Topçular district. There were differences of resistance levels at LC95, ranging between 2.6‐ and 23.9‐fold using topical bioassays and between 5.0‐ and 58.9‐fold in residual bioassays, in populations collected from greenhouses from various districts. Populations from cotton showed lower resistance levels against dicofol than populations from greenhouses. Resistance to dicofol at LC50 as indicated by topical and residual bioassays increased 19.7‐ and 100.7‐fold, respectively, in a colony from the laboratory strain of T cinnabarinus selected with dicofol alone for 16 cycles. However, the dicofol resistance at LC50 increased 19.4‐ and 52.0‐fold in another colony selected in rotation with dicofol and tetradifon for six and eight cycles, respectively. The changes in resistance to dicofol 5 months after the selection ceased were as follows: in the colony selected for dicofol alone, using topical and residual bioassays, the resistance levels at LC50 decreased to 11.7‐ and 99.1‐fold, respectively, and in the colony selected in rotation with dicofol and tetradifon to 10.8‐ and 15.8‐fold, respectively. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

18.
BACKGROUND: Spinosad is a biopesticide widely used for control of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). It is reported to be non‐toxic to several predatory mite species used for the biological control of thrips. Predatory mites Typhlodromips montdorensis (Schicha), Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans) and Hypoaspis miles (Berlese) have been used for control of F. occidentalis. This study investigated the impact of direct and residual toxicity of spinosad on F. occidentalis and predatory mites. The repellency of spinosad residues to these predatory mites was also investigated. RESULTS: Direct contact to spinosad effectively reduced the number of F. occidentalis adults and larvae, causing > 96% mortality. Spinosad residues aged 2–96 h were also toxic to F. occidentalis. Direct exposure to spinosad resulted in > 90% mortality of all three mite species. Thresholds for the residual toxicity (contact) of spinosad (LT25) were estimated as 4.2, 3.2 and 5.8 days for T. montdorensis, N. cucumeris and H. miles respectively. When mites were simultaneously exposed to spinosad residues and fed spinosad‐intoxicated thrips larvae, toxicity increased. Residual thresholds were re‐estimated as 5.4, 3.9 and 6.1 days for T. montdorensis, N. cucumeris and H. miles respectively. Residues aged 2–48 h repelled T. montdorensis and H. miles, and residues aged 2–24 h repelled N. cucumeris. CONCLUSION: Predatory mites can be safely released 6 days after spinosad is applied for the management of F. occidentalis. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

19.
为明确田间使用多杀霉素亚致死浓度对棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera幼虫的影响,用含多杀霉素亚致死浓度LC25的人工饲料持续饲喂棉铃虫3龄幼虫,并对饲喂后其体重、取食量、累计蛹化率、蛹发育历期和蛹重等生长发育及脂肪体内甘油三脂（triglyceride,TG）含量和相关基因SREBP、FAS和HSL表达情况进行测定。结果表明,多杀霉素对棉铃虫的亚致死浓度LC25为0.21 mg/kg;多杀霉素亚致死浓度处理4~6 d后,棉铃虫3龄幼虫体重分别为0.065、0.263和0.329 g,较对照显著降低;处理6 d后,其取食量为0.082 g,较对照显著降低;处理4~7 d后,其累计化蛹率分别为60.90%、63.20%、65.50%和65.50%,较对照显著降低。多杀霉素亚致死浓度处理后,棉铃虫蛹发育历期由对照9.89 d显著延长至10.74 d,单头蛹重为0.274 g,显著低于对照的0.324 g;其脂肪体TG含量较对照显著降低。多杀霉素亚致死浓度处理24~72 h后,参与脂肪酸合成信号通路中重要基因SREBP和FAS的相对表达量较对照均显著下调,而参与脂肪代谢的重要基因HSL则较对照显著上调。  相似文献   

20.
多杀菌素亚致死浓度对小菜蛾解毒酶系活力的影响   总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7  
采用多杀菌素亚致死浓度,以浸叶法分别处理小菜蛾Plutella xylostella (L.)敏感种群(SS)和亚致死选育种群 的3龄幼虫,分别测定饲喂处理6、12、24、48和72 h后小菜蛾体内羧酸酯酶(CarE)、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST) 和多功能氧化酶(MFOs)的活性,分析了酶活性的变化动态。结果表明,SS种群小菜蛾CarE的活性在不同时间段波动较大,经多杀菌素处理后,开始时段比活力增加,随着处理时间的延长,比活力逐渐被抑制,Sub-SS种群的GarE活力高于SS种群;多杀菌素对GST具有明显的诱导作用,亚致死浓度处理后GSTs比活力呈上升趋势,且具有一定的时间效应;对细胞色素P450酶系的O-脱甲基酶活性具有明显的抑制作用,多杀菌素亚致死浓度连续处理5代后,该酶活性更低。  相似文献   

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