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1.
Contents The distribution of succinate dehydrogenase, NAD specific isocitrate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, α-glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, NADH-tetrazolium reductase, NADPH-tetrazolium reductase und cytochrome oxydase in the surface epithelium and the glands of the bovine endometrium was studied by histochemical means. Discussing the findings obtained two points are emphasized: 1. The relatively high activity of the α-glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase and its possible significance for endometrial metabolism. 2. Surprisingly, the principal site of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the bovine endometrium during the 20.—1. days of the estrous cycle was in the terminal parts of the uterine glands, an area which according to the normal histology seems to undergo a period of rest.  相似文献   

2.
Red cells glycolytic enzymes attached and nonattached to K88+ Escherichia coli were assayed. Hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase activities, were measured. E. coli with K88ab fimbriae, E. coli with K88ac fimbriae, and isolated K88ab fimbriae were investigated for their effect on the above enzymes. Different changes were obtained with K88ab + bacteria compared with K88ac + bacteria. Purified fimbriae gave a third set of responses.  相似文献   

3.
Changes in the activity of enzymes involved in oxidative metabolism of glutamine, and in protein content, in the epithelial tissue along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of growing pigs exposed to nivalenol (NIV) in the diet were investigated. The epithelial tissue was taken from the stomach, small intestine and colon of three groups of animals fed diets without NIV (control), with inclusion of 2.5 mg NIV/kg diet (low dose) and with inclusion of 5.0 mg NIV/kg diet (high dose). The activities of glutaminase, glutamate dehydrogenase, oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and alanine aminotransferase were determined. In the control pigs the activities of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase and alanine aminotransferase were higher (P < 0.05) in the epithelium of the small intestine as compared with the stomach and colon, while there were no differences in the activities of glutaminase, glutamate dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase. With increasing inclusion of NIV in the diet the activity of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase decreased (P < 0.05) in the epithelium of the small intestine and colon, and the activity of alanine aminotransferase tended (P = 0.07) to increase in the epithelium of the small intestine. The activities of glutaminase, glutamate dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase remained unaffected by the inclusion of NIV in the diet. In the control pigs the protein content in the epithelium of the small intestine was higher (P < 0.05) than in the stomach and colon, while there were no effects of NIV inclusion in the diet on the protein content. It can be concluded from the present study that the epithelial tissue of the small intestine and colon of pigs exposed to a diet containing NIV will have a reduced enzymatic capacity to utilise alpha-ketoglutarate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA-cycle), suggesting an impaired energy supply to these organs.  相似文献   

4.
The activity and localization of NAD(P)H-tetrazolium reductase, lactate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, glueose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase in the kidney of 11 female pigs were examined.The pig kidney showed a higher activity of NAD (P) H-tetrazolium reductase in the distal tubules compared with the kidney of rat, mouse, rabbit, dog, cat, and man. The activity of succinate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase was the same in the pig kidney as in the kidney of other examined species. In the pig kidney glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase precipitated in situ, while in rat and mouse this enzyme has proved to be highly diffusible.  相似文献   

5.
This study was carried out to evaluate the in vitro effect of Musa x paradisiaca stem and leaf against the parasitic nematode of small ruminants Haemonchus contortus. Three extracts (aqueous, methanolic and/or dichloromethane) of Musa x paradisiaca stem and leaf were tested in vitro on four developmental stages of H. contortus using egg hatch assay (EHA), larval development assay (LDA), L3 migration inhibition assay (LMI) and adult worm motility assay (AWM). The highly significant (P < 0.0001) ability to stop larval development (inhibition >67% for each extract) and the negative effect of the dichloromethane extract of leaf on adult worm motility (43% of inhibition of motility after 24 h of incubation) compared to the negative controls, suggest anthelmintic properties of Musa x paradisiaca stem and leaf against H. contortus. The active principles responsible for the activity could be secondary metabolites such as terpenoid and flavonoid compounds present in the leaf and stem of the plant.  相似文献   

6.
ABSTRACT

1. The purpose of this study was to investigate ATP levels and the activities of important enzymes involved in glycolysis and TCA cycle in livers of embryonated chicken eggs infected by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV).

2. Embryonated chicken eggs (9 days) were randomly divided into two groups (50 eggs per group). The first group was inoculated with a very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) isolate into the chorioallantoic membrane. The second group was maintained as uninfected control eggs and inoculated with physiological saline. Embryo survival was assessed daily, and six embryos were sacrificed at 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hpi for examining livers. Viral loads in the livers were evaluated by qRT-PCR. A comparative analysis of markers associated with the regulation of energy metabolism across several functional classes (ATP, pyruvic and lactic acids, mitochondrial protein, NAD+/NADH ratios, and enolase, lactic acid dehydrogenase and the respiratory chain complex I activities) were examined in the context of IBDV infection.

3. The results indicated that increases in the enzymatic activities associated with glycolytic metabolism in turn affected the synthesis and cytoplasmic concentrations of ATP at early timepoints in infected chicken embryos. Subsequently, energy metabolism was inhibited through the pathological perturbations of metabolic enzymes and mitochondrial damage, as inferred from reduced ATP generation.

4. These results suggested impaired bioenergetics, which may lead to liver dysfunction consequent to IBDV infection, contributing to the disease pathogenesis.  相似文献   

7.
盐胁迫对桑树NH_4~+同化和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性的影响   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  
以育 15 1和新一之 2个桑品种的硬枝扦插苗为材料 ,研究外源NaCl胁迫对桑树氮素代谢有关酶活性和氨积累的影响。结果表明 :NaCl胁迫显著抑制桑树的营养生长 ;可促进游离NH+4在桑树叶片中积累 ,但NH+4在根系中未见明显变化 ;受NaCl胁迫的桑树根和叶片的谷氨酰胺合成酶的活性明显下降 ,而叶片的谷氨酸脱氢酶的活性显著增加 ;桑树根系硝酸还原酶的活性受盐胁迫的刺激 ,但桑树叶片的硝酸还原酶活性明显下降 ;暗示盐分胁迫可减弱桑树经谷氨酰胺合成酶 -谷氨酸合酶循环对NH+4的同化 ,但可加强NH+4经谷氨酸脱氢酶的同化 ,并可通过影响NO-3 的还原来影响桑树的氮素营养  相似文献   

8.
Theileria parva schizonts propagated in vitro in peripheral blood lymphocytes were purified and assayed for key enzymes of glucose and glycerol catabolism and the citric acid cycle. The activities of glycolytic enzymes were in the range of 21-100 nmol/min/mg protein. Glycerol kinase and alpha -glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activities were more than 16 times lower than the activities of other enzymes catalysing the oxidation of the triose phosphates to lactate. It was suggested that the catabolism of glycerol is negligible and that glucose is catabolized to lactate via the Embden-Meyerhof pathway. The activities of the enzymes catalysing the section of the citric acid cycle that involves the formation of citrate to succinyl-CoA were consistently very low (less than 2.0 nmol/min/mg protein), indicating that this part of the cycle plays a minor role in this parasite. Enzyme activities of the cycle catalysing the formation of succinate from oxaloacetate were relatively higher than those catalysing other sections of the citric acid cycle, suggesting that this section of the cycle could be important to the parasite. Pyruvate carboxylase activity was more than 10 times that of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. It was suggested that pyruvate could be carboxylated to oxaloacetate. Taken together, these results suggest that the catabolism of glucose in Theileria parva schizonts is mainly via the Embden-Meyerhof pathway and that the citric acid cycle plays a minor role in energy production.  相似文献   

9.
The effects of anthelmintic drugs on intermediary metabolism of parasites can be examined using techniques developed for the investigation of metabolic regulation. Most attention has been paid to the pathways of respiratory metabolism in parasites, since maintenance of high energy levels is essential to an organism's survival. Respiratory metabolism is thus a prime target for anthelmintic attack. Parasites differ from their hosts in a number of pathways of respiratory metabolism and they produce incompletely-oxidised organic acids as end products.A variety of anthelmintic drugs have been shown to inhibit some enzymes of these pathways, including phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, malate dehydrogenase, and the fumarate reductase, ‘succinoxidase’ and succinate decarboxylase systems. Energy synthesis in mitochondria from parasites is also inhibited by many anthelmintics: this target is a particularly important one since its properties differ significantly from those of the host. This process requires considerable study and it may not necessarily be valid to equate ‘uncoupling’ in mammalian tissues with that in parasite tissues. Changes in ATP levels affect flux through the respiratory pathways; a complete assessment of effects of anthelminstics on the respiratory pathways of parasites would include measurement of the uptake and utilization of carbon sources (e.g., glucose and glycogen), of metabolic intermediates, including adenine nucleotides, and of excreted end products. Sites of change can then be identified and studied in greater detail.Comparison of the effect of mebendazole in vivo and in vitro on unrelated species, Moniezia expansa and Fasciola hepatica adults, sheds some light on the mechanism of its anthelmintic effects. This drug elicits similar changes in proportions and totals of adenine nucleotides in the two species, but it differs in the rapidly of its effect, its effect on glucose uptake and glycogen depletion, and in changes in respiratory end product. Consequently mebendazole may not act in the same way against these two species. It also affects a number of other systems in other parasites: the suggestion of a single ‘mode of action’ may be inappropriate for this compound.Respiratory metabolism is not the only system affected by anthelmintics: other parasite systems are also attacked, but the final effect of lethal anthelmintic is observed as changes in the respiratory metabolic pathways. Some anthelmintics, for example, levamisole, affect the respiratory pathway directly, but also affect other systems (the nervous system in the case of levamisole) and may be effective in vitro but not in vivo. In these cases it is necessary to distinguish between effects that may be subordinate to a primary effect, and to take host and permeability factors into account.  相似文献   

10.
The concentration of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, and the activities of the enzymes hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase and NADH-dependent methaemoglobin reductase in the erythrocytes of newborn and adult sheep were investigated. All the enzyme activities and the concentration of 2,3-diaphosphoglycerate were found to be significantly greater in the erythrocytes of newborn lambs than in those of adult sheep.  相似文献   

11.
1. Changes in the activities of glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.49], 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.44] and cytoplasmic and mitochondrial “malic” enzyme [EC 1.1.1.40] and NADP+‐linked isocitrate dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.42] were measured in the liver, heart, lung and brain during ontogenesis in the chicken.

2. In the liver the cytoplasmic malic enzyme was constant during embryonal development, increasing suddenly and markedly thereafter and isocitrate dehydrogenase increased in the embryo and decreased after hatching while their mitochondrial isoenzymes showed parallel but less marked changes. Activities of the other dehydrogenases were essentially unchanged.

3. In the heart only cytoplasmic isocitrate dehydrogenase showed important changes, increasing three‐fold during growth after hatching.

4. In the lung, glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase and cytoplasmic malic enzyme attained their maximum activities respectively at 16 to 18 d and 14 d of development. Mitochondrial malic enzyme did not change, while isocitrate dehydrogenase reached its maximum between 14 and 18 d.

5. In the brain cytoplasmic malic enzyme was activated only after hatching, while its mitochondrial isoenzyme and isocitrate dehydrogenase showed discontinuous variations of an insignificant magnitude. Other activities were unchanged.

  相似文献   

12.
Tabernaemontana citrifolia (Apocynaceae) is traditionally used as an anthelmintic preparation for ruminants in Guadeloupe (French West Indies). This study was carried out to evaluate the in vitro effect of this plant against the parasitic nematode of small ruminants Haemonchus contortus. Three extracts (aqueous, methanolic and dichloromethane) of T. citrifolia fruit, leaf and root were tested on four developmental stages of the parasite, using egg hatch assay (EHA), larval development assay (LDA), L3 migration inhibition assay (LMI), and adult worm motility assay (AWM). Compared to the negative control, significant effects were observed for the different parts of T. citrifolia but with differences depending on the parasitic stage; efficacies on the larval development of H. contortus from 88.9% to 99.8% for fruit, from 72.1% to 83.8% for root and from 33.5% to 85% for leaf with dose-dependent effect for the methanolic extract. The root gave the best result on EHA (22.7% efficacy for dichloromethane extract) and AWM (56% efficacy, with dose-dependent effect for dichloromethane extract) and the leaf on LMI (49.4% efficacy). These results suggest that T. citrifolia possess anthelmintic activity against H. contortus. The active ingredients responsible for the activity could be the alkaloid compounds present in the plant parts of the plant.  相似文献   

13.
The serum enzymes of pigs naturally infected with the metacestodes ofTaenia solium and of uninfected pigs were assayed. Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, ornithine carbamyl transferase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and ceruloplasmin activities were significantly increase in the serum of the infected pigs.  相似文献   

14.
高羊茅种子老化过程中酶活性的变化   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7  
对当年收获的高羊茅种子进行人工老化后发芽过程的磷酸己糖异构酶活性、葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氨酶和6-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶联合活性以及苹果酸脱氨酶活性的测定结果表明,在老化处理的高羊茅种子中,磷酸已糖异构酶活性随着发芽时间的延长呈下降趋势,而苹果酸脱氢酶活性则呈上升趋势。随着老化程度的增加,葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶和6-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶联合活性的峰值在发芽过程中出现的时间推迟,且峰值降低。随着人工加速老化强度的增加,磷酸己糖异构酶活性、苹果酸脱氢酶活性、葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶和6-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氨酶联合活性均表现为大幅度地降低。老化可使种子前发过程中的糖酵解、三羧酸循环和磷酸戊糖等代谢途径受到限制,影响种子萌发过程中物质的分解与合成,进而造成种子发芽推迟、发芽率降低。  相似文献   

15.
作者旨在探讨添加不同水平甘草提取物(LE)对绵羊皮下脂肪沉积及代谢相关酶活性的影响。采用单因素试验设计,选用健康、断奶后20~30 d、初始体重相近的宁夏滩羊公羔50只,随机分为5组,每组10只,其中对照组饲喂基础日粮,不添加LE;试验Ⅰ~Ⅳ组分别在基础日粮中添加1000、2000、3000、4000 mg/kg LE。试验期120 d,试验结束后进行屠宰并测定滩羊皮下脂肪重、血清脂质代谢相关指标及皮下脂肪代谢相关酶活性。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ~Ⅳ组的皮下脂肪重分别降低了20.16%、14.40%、18.11%、20.16%;添加3000 mg/kg LE降低血清总胆固醇的效果最明显,LE对总甘油三酯(TG)和高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)含量均无显著影响(P>0.05);LE显著降低皮下脂肪组织葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PDH)活性(P<0.05),其中添加3000 mg/kg LE降低G6PDH活性的效果最佳,对脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)、异柠檬酸脱氢酶(ICDH)和6-磷酸脱氢酶(6PGDH)活性的影响均未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。提示,LE有降低血清总胆固醇和皮下脂肪重的趋势,其中添加3000 mg/kg LE的降脂作用最好,甘草提取物主要通过下调脂肪合成途径的关键酶活性来抑制绵羊皮下脂肪沉积,但甘草提取物调控滩羊皮下脂肪代谢关键酶的机制,尚需进一步研究。  相似文献   

16.
Cambendazole (CBZ), fenbendazole (FBZ), oxfendazole (OFZ) and thiabendazole (TBZ) all inhibited the fumarate stimulated oxidation of NADH in Haemonchus contortus mitochondria. These observations plus the phenomenon of cross resistance to benzimidazoles suggested that the different benzimidazole anthelmintics affect parasitic helminths in a similar manner.The variation in efficiency and spectrum of activity may therefore be due to differences in their pharmacokinetic behaviour. To test this hypothesis, the magnitude and duration of concentrations of TBZ, FBZ and OFZ in plasma and other body compartments after administration were compared with their effectiveness against parasites. The effects of similar doses against benzimidazole-resistant. Trichostrongylus colubriformis and H. contortus were found to correlate with the period high plasma concentrations were maintained.Further evidence of this relationship was obtained by infusion or multiple drenching of TBZ to cattle harbouring arrested Ostertagia ostertagi larvae, so as to maintain high circulating concentrations for an extended period. This resulted in the removal of 90% of the arrested larvae, whereas TBZ as normally administered is considered quite ineffective against these larvae.These observations suggest that the spectrum and effectiveness of benzimidazoles may be improved by extending the period during which parasites are exposed to toxic concentrations.  相似文献   

17.
测定了在阿苯达唑和奥芬达唑作用下体外培养猪囊尾蚴磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶（PEPCK）、丙酮酸激酶（PK）、延胡索酸还原酶（FR）、苹果酸酶（ME）活性的变化及葡萄糖（GLC）、乳酸（LAC）含量的变化。结果表明，2种药物作用均可在体外作用条件下显著改变未成熟期及成熟期猪囊尾蚴的能量代谢。提示，苯并咪唑氨基甲酸酯类药物的作用机理可能是通过干扰虫体能量代谢，阻断能量的产生，导致虫体死亡。  相似文献   

18.
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of stocking density on the activity of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) and glutathione reductase (GR) enzymes in liver, muscle, gill and kidney tissues of rainbow trout. Fish were reared at different stocking densities (15 kg/m3, 20 kg/m3, 25 kg/m3 and 30 kg/m3). After adaptation period of 30 days, the experiment was carried out for two months. Stocking density of the control group was 15 kg/m3. Increasing stocking density caused inhibition in the activities of the enzymes except for kidney G6PD and 6PGD. Activity of both pentose phosphate pathway enzymes unexpectedly increased only in kidney whereas inhibition was observed in other tissues. Since the most powerful and gradual attenuation was observed in muscle tissue for all enzymes, we performed quantitative Real Time PCR to examine the expression of heat shock protein (Hsp70) gene in muscle in order to understand whether the decrease in enzyme activities is associated with stress. The mRNA expression data showed that Hsp70 expression levels significantly elevated at 25 kg/m3 and 30 kg/m3 stocking densities. Overall results indicate that increasing stocking density blocks the activity of metabolic and antioxidant enzymes and causes considerable stress in rainbow trout. The most susceptible tissue to increasing stocking density was observed to be the muscle.  相似文献   

19.
This study was conducted to investigate whether administration of IH901, a ginseng intestinal metabolite, ameliorates exercise-induced oxidative stress while preserving antioxidant defense capability in rat skeletal muscles and lung. Eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats per group were randomly assigned to the resting control, exercise control, resting with IH901 (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) consumption (R/IH901), or exercise with IH901 (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) consumption (E/IH901) group. The trained groups ran 35 min 2 days/week for 8 weeks. To analyze the IH901-training interaction, serum biochemical analysis, lipid peroxidation, citrate synthase, protein oxidation, antioxidant and superoxide dismutase in skeletal muscles and lung tissue were measured. Compared to the exercise control group, animals that consumed IH901 had significantly increased exercise endurance times (p < 0.05) and decreased plasma creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase levels (p < 0.05), while those in the E/IH901 groups had increased citrate synthase and anti-oxidant enzymes and decreased lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation (p < 0.05). In conclusion, IH901 consumption in aging rats after eccentric exercise has beneficial effects on anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities through down-regulation of pro-inflammatory mediators, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidation and up-regulation of anti-oxidant enzymes.  相似文献   

20.
Haemonchus contortus is the most prevalent nematode in Brazil. The objective of this study was to select 6 populations of H. contortus of known or suspected benzimidazole resistance status and characterize these using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) F200Y, F167Y and E198A in the β-tubulin isotype 1 gene. qPCR was performed using DNA from a pool of 10 adult male H. contortus from a single animal per farm. Faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) and egg hatch test (EHT) were used to determine the resistance status. Samples were obtained from 6 farms located in 5 counties in the Ceará State: Tauá, Boa Viagem, Quixadá, Santa Quitéria and Solonópole. The inbred-susceptible-Edinburgh (ISE) isolate was used as reference for comparative purposes in the qPCR. Benzimidazole resistance was detected by FECRT on all farms with efficacy values ranging from 0 to 51%. EC50 values as determined by EHT were all above 1.49 μg/ml. High frequencies of the resistant SNPs F200Y and F167Y alleles were detected but no resistance was detected at SNP E198A. Our results suggest that the SNPs F167Y and F200Y are both important for benzimidazole resistance in the studied populations.  相似文献   

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