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1.
巨桉人工林凋落物数量、养分归还量及分解动态 总被引：24，自引：3，他引：24
研究四川洪雅县4种不同密度下巨桉人工林的凋落物量、养分归还量及分解动态.结果表明:巨桉人工林凋落物产量随密度增大而递增;4个巨桉人工林年凋落规律相似,5月是全年凋落物产量的高峰期,1月凋落量最低;4个巨桉人工林凋落物大量元素年归还总量分别为95.32、86.90、67.72和66.37 kg·hm-2,且N＞K＞Ca＞Mg＞P,叶是养分归还的主要组分,春夏两季叶养分归还量最大;枝、叶的平均年失重分别为18.2%和36.1%,分解系数分别为0.176～0.214和0.383～0.445,半衰期分别为3～4年和1～2年,周转期分别为14～17年和6～8年.5种元素释放率大小顺序为Mg＞Ca＞K＞N＞P,养分归还1年后,P出现富集,N先富集后释放,大部分K、Ca、Mg被释放. 相似文献
2.
第2代杉木林速生阶段营养元素的空间分布特征和生物循环 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
利用 2a定位观测数据 ,本文对速生阶段的第 2代杉木人工林内N、P、K、Ca、Mg 5种养分元素的含量、积累、空间分布和生物循环进行了研究 ,结果表明 :各组分养分含量排列顺序为草本层 >灌木层 >树叶 >树枝 >树皮 >树根 >树干。树枝中Ca的含量丰富 ,树皮中K的含量丰富。凋落物层养分元素含量低于树枝和树叶 ,反映了凋落时养分元素向林木体内迁移回收的现象。杉木富集N、P、Ca 3种元素。 5种元素积累总量为 85 4 6 5kg·hm- 2 ,是第 1代的 1 5倍。第 2代杉木生产 1t干物质所需养分量为 11 6 2kg ,高于第 1代 ,第 2代杉木林将消耗更多的林地养分。林冠枝叶与树皮养分积累量占林木总积累量的 75 % ,采伐利用应仅取走树干而在林地中留下其它部分 ,让其分解使养分元素归还给土壤。草本层、灌木层与凋落物层三者的养分积累量为 88 13kg·hm- 2 ,是重要的养分库。第 2代杉木中养分元素的年积累量为 93 13kg·hm- 2 a- 1 ,略高于第 1代杉木林的养分年积累量。总归还量为 89 4 9kg·hm- 2 a- 1 ,其中凋落物归还 17 4 6kg·hm- 2 a- 1 ,略低于第 1代 ,淋溶的养分量 72 0 4kg·hm- 2 a- 1 ,是凋落物的 4倍多。吸收量为 182 6 2kg·hm- 2 a- 1 。与第 1代相比 ,第 2代杉木林中土壤K、P的含量高 ,而N、Ca、Mg 3种养分 相似文献
3.
探讨了福建三明莘口教学林场34年生的木荚红豆人工林凋落物的养分特征及其动态.结果表明凋落物各组分中N、P、K、Ca、Mg含量差异显著,其月动态也不同.1999年,木荚红豆人工林通过凋落物归还土壤的N、P、K、Ca、Mg分别为61.568、1.766、23.219、33.929、6.604 kg*hm-2,落叶是养分归还的主要组分,木荚红豆N和K年归还量明显比针叶林的大,这对维持林地的长期生产力具有重要意义;凋落物的N、P、K、Ca、Mg总归还量间的月动态相似,均在3月和8月出现高峰,以3月最高,以1月最低;各组分养分归还量的月动态与总归还量略有不同,养分总归还量的季节变化模式为春季＞夏季≈秋季＞冬季. 相似文献
4.
对沿海沙地吊丝竹林的凋落物及养分月动态特征进行连续观测分析,研究结果表明:竹林凋落物量月动态呈现双峰型模式,2个峰值分别出现在2004年10月和2005年4月,这2个月凋落物量占全年总量的26.90%;2005年1月和7月凋落物量较少,只占全年总量的8.92%。各营养元素在凋落物中组分平均值大小排列顺序为:N>K>P>Mg>Ca。凋落物N、P、K、Mg归还量月动态全年呈现出2个峰值期,分别出现在2004年10~11月和2005年4~5月;Ca只有单峰值期,出现在2004年10~11月。凋落物各营养元素归还量最大是N,年归还总量为58.32 kg.hm-2,最小是Ca,只有0.61 kg.hm-2。N、P、K、Mg、Ca在峰值期养分归还量分别占全年比例的48.44%、47.12%、50.48%、53.49%和36.30%。沿海沙地吊丝竹林凋落物年养分归还量为97.54 kg.hm-2。 相似文献
5.
龙里林场马尾松人工林凋落物养分归还动态 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《浙江林业科技》2015,(4)
以贵州省龙里林场3个不同密度的12年生马尾松人工林为研究对象,通过调查测定凋落物归还量、养分归还量等指标,分析凋落物中N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu 9种养分的归还、转移、释放变化动态。结果表明:凋落物中9种养分年归还量与密度呈正相关,各林分平均养分年归还量从大到小为N、Ca、Mn、Mg、K、P、Fe、Zn、Cu;各林分养分月归还量变化趋势与月凋落物量变化趋势相似,除Zn为双峰型外其余为单峰型,峰值均出现在11月;马尾松人工林年凋落物量与密度呈正相关,S2167年凋落物量5 208.74 kg/(hm2·a),S1767年凋落物量4 284 kg/(hm2·a),S1200年凋落物量3 113.80 kg/(hm2·a);各林分月凋落物量变化趋势相似,均为单峰型,峰值出现在11月。 相似文献
6.
对珠江三角洲8年生池杉Taxodium ascendens林网中N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Na、Cl等7种元素的贮量、归还、释放进行了研究.结果表明:8年生池杉林网中N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Na、Cl 7种元素的贮量分别为352.84、62.96、116.23、333.16、47.51、110.45、127.67 kg·hm-2,池杉各器官中以树干的贮量最大,土壤层0～40 cm中7种元素的贮量分别为555.91、54.64、586.72、11 629.04、9 943.50、655.03、934.91 kg·hm-2,以Ca、Mg、Cl的贮量为较高;8年生池杉年凋落量较大,达3 586.70 kg·hm-2,凋落物干物质年失重率达57.48%,凋落物中7种元素的年归还量分别为38.70、4.95、22.49、38.05、29.63、10.51、39.78 kg·hm-2,年释放率分别为56.67%、73.91%、92.68%、62.52%、98.79%、88.44%、98.20%,释放量分别为21.91、3.65、20.82、23.79、29.26、9.32、39.08 kg·hm-2;池杉凋落物在凋落180 d之后才有比较快的分解. 相似文献
7.
本文选择川西亚高山针叶纯林和针阔混交林作为研究对象,并于2007年7月～12月采用收集框法研究了森林凋落物量以及N、P、K养分归还量。结果表明,混交林凋落量(2 090.47 kg·hm-2)比针叶林凋落量(1 189.59kg.hm-2)高出43%,林分凋落动态和归还动态呈单峰型,其高峰都出现在10月份。混交林中阔叶对凋落量的贡献达69%。同时,阔叶的养分归还量大于针叶的养分归还量。混交林和针叶林养分归还量都表现为N﹥K﹥P,针阔混交林凋落物养分归还量大于针叶林。在川西亚高山地区针阔混交林比针叶纯林具有更强的自肥能力。 相似文献
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10.
《森林与环境学报》2010,(4)
通过对金沙江干热河谷元谋县境内2种不同林分的罗望子人工林的年凋落量和养分归还进行分析和研究,结果表明:罗望子人工林成林和嫁接林年凋落量分别为9.61和3.44t·hm-2,落叶比例分别是41.75%和73.79%。成林凋落量月变化表现为不规则的三峰类型,凋落最高峰出现在3月份,其余2个弱峰出现在5月份和11月份。嫁接林凋落量月变化表现为双峰类型,凋落最高峰出现在3月份,另一个弱峰出现在11月份。罗望子自身的生物学特性是影响林地凋落量年动态的内在主导因子,3种气候因子对凋落量的年动态影响较小。凋落物养分归还与林分和凋落物的组分有明显的相关性,且均以N、K、Ca归还最多,Cu归还最少。成林中,落叶、落花和落果是N、P、K、Cu归还的主要来源,落叶是Ca、Mg、Fe归还的主要来源。嫁接林中,落叶是所有养分归还的主要来源。与其他亚热带人工林相比,罗望子人工林凋落量大,养分归还量高,有较好的自养能力,是金沙江干热河谷和类似区域植被恢复与生态系统修复的优势林地,同时,也是促进区域经济发展的一种较佳林地类型。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
15.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
16.
Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
17.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
18.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
19.
Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
20.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献