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1.
A bitch, with a history of prolonged postweaning galactorrhea, dermatitis and lethargy, was examined because of an extended anestrus and the development of spontaneous galactorrhea. A diagnosis of hypothyroidism was made based on the history, a subnormal T4 level and the response to a therapeutic trial of thyroxine replacement. A possible pathogenesis for the spontaneous galactorrhea is discussed.  相似文献   

2.
Summary

In a series of experiments the effect of administering KNO2 was studied, during parturition, on the capability of oxygen transport of maternal blood and on oxygen transfer to foetal blood. The following blood parameters were analysed, MHb percentage, pO2, O2‐saturation, pH, pCO2, and (NO2) in maternal arterial blood (carotid art.) and venous blood (jugular vein) and in foetal arterial blood (umbilical art.) and venous blood (umbilical vein). The relative O2‐saturation was calculated from the estimated O2‐saturation by multiplying with the factor Hb (mmol/1) minus MHb (mmol/1), divided by Hb (mmol/1). In addition, blood pressure in the carotid artery, heart rate, and respiration rate in the dam were continuously recorded for some hours.

A dosage of 9 to 12 mg of NO2/kg body weight intravenously or of 30 mg of NO2/kg body weight orally to the dam caused much higher MHb percentages and NO2 contents in the maternal blood than in the foetal blood. In maternal blood the ratio of NO2 content td MHb percentage was proportional to that in foetal blood. In the arterial blood, MHb percentages were almost as high as in the venous blood. After administering of nitrite, relative O2‐saturation dropped simultaneously with the increase in methaemoglobin.

Nitrite treatment caused a drop in the maternal blood pressure; heart rate and respiration rate increased. O2‐saturation in the blood in the umbilical vein was much lower in the animals with nitrite treatment than in those without. These experimental results show clearly that the oxygen capacity of the blood decreases after nitrite treatment. In pregnant cows the oxygen supply to the foetus will be adversely affected after nitrate intake, especially by the lower oxygen transfer via the placenta, though hardly at all by methaemoglobin formation in the foetal blood.

When the oxygen transfer to the foetal blood decreases too sharply, intra‐uterine death and ultimately abortion may result.  相似文献   

3.
This paper investigates the association between expression of CD14 and occurrence of apoptosis in blood, resident (RESPMN) and inflammatory (INFPMN) polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) from heifer mammary glands. The fresh population of RESPMN contained a statistically significant higher proportion of CD14+, apoptotic and necrotic cells than did populations of INFPMN and blood PMN. In vitro cultivation of RESPMN, INFPMN and blood PMN led to concurrent increase of apoptotic, necrotic and CD14+ cells. A positive correlation was found between the proportions of both apoptotic and necrotic PMN and CD14+ PMN as determined by three-color flow cytometry analysis. Our study confirmed that expression of CD14 in blood PMN, RESPMN and INFPMN from heifer mammary glands was accompanied by apoptosis and necrosis.  相似文献   

4.
Polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) were isolated from milk and blood of healthy cows, and the generation of reactive oxygen by the two cell populations was compared by measuring chemiluminescence (CL) after stimulation with zymosan. The ratio of milk to blood PMN CL was relatively constant in a given animal, but varied widely between different cows, ranging from 0.3 to 1.3.The relative contributions of various oxygen species to CL was studied by measuring quenching using different oxygen scavengers. While the relative contributions of H2O2, ?O2 and ′O2 seemed to be similar in both milk and blood PMN, the OH· radical was clearly more prominent in PMN isolated from milk than from blood. In addition, blood PMN CL was more dependent on the presence of glucose in the reaction medium than milk PMN CL. Furthermore, the CL response to phorbol myristate acetate, to the Ca ionophore A23187 and to Sendai virus was different in the two cell types. The results suggest that CL generation in milk PMN differs from that in blood PMN in quantitative as well as qualitative aspects.  相似文献   

5.
A group of 22 postpartum Holstein Friesian cows showing abnormal uterus were divided into two groups and treated with a) PGF2α or b) diethylstilboestrol and oxytocin.

Most blood P4 values were under 0.5 ng/mL whereas E2 blood level was higher than in normal cycling cows. The report emphasizes the need for a careful clinical examination in order to apply the proper therapy.

  相似文献   

6.
A concentrate was fortified with mineral salts by adding CaCl2, Al2(SO4)3 and MgSO4 to standard concentrate A and pelleting the product When used as feed supplement from 3 weeks pre partum to 1 week post partum this concentrate mixture produced the intended negative alkali alkalinity in the total feed ration in 20 out of 25 cows. Of these 17 remained healthy in spite of a history of milk fever for the majority of them. Two cows got milk fever and 1 showed weak symptoms.  相似文献   

7.
A three-month-old female basset hound was referred to the Norwegian College of Veterinary Medicine with a history of progressive paresis of the pelvic limbs. Following neurological examination and the study of myelograms, extradural masses causing spinal cord compressions at the T12.13 and T13-L1 junctions were diagnosed. At necropsy bone-tissue of the vertebral laminae was found to have formed stenoses of the vertebral canal producing compressions of the spinal cord. Irreversible tissue-damage was observed in histological sections prepared from the compressed areas of the spinal cord.  相似文献   

8.
Intervertebral disc protrusion in a cat   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
A case of prolapsed intervertebral disc at C5–6 is described in an adult cat with a history of quadriparesis and two episodes of quadriplegia in a two year period. Plain radiographs showed no abnormality, there was no narrowing of the intervertebral space, but the protrusion was detected by myelography. Severe degeneration was found in the spinal cord.  相似文献   

9.
A five-year-old Yorkshire Terrier with a history of polyuria, polydipsia and glycosuria was referred for investigation and treatment of suspected diabetes mellitus. Despite persistent glycosuria, blood glucose levels remained within the normal range. The dog's condition deteriorated rapidly and euthanasia was carried out. A diagnosis of the Fanconi syndrome was made.  相似文献   

10.
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11.
A case of brodifacoum poisoning is described in a six-year-old male Kelpie cross working dog. The clinical features were severe exercise intolerance, haemorrhage from the oral and nasal cavities, dyspnoea and pale mucous membranes. Diagnosis was confirmed by demonstrating an abnormally long whole blood clotting time. The dog was treated successfully by administering 1 litre of whole blood intravenously, intramuscular vitamin K1 and a three week course of oral vitamin K3.

Experience at the Massey University Small Animal Clinic and Hospital has indicated that poisoning of dogs with the newer long acting anticoagulant rodenticides is becoming more common.  相似文献   

12.
A 13-year-old Lusitano stallion was referred to our institution with a history of severe hematuria for 8.5 months. The origin of the hematuria was determined to be the left kidney. The diagnostic workup failed to identify obstructive, infectious, or neoplastic conditions. The history and ultrasonographic examination suggested a chronic condition. The stallion was subjected to left nephrectomy because of the persistent hematuria and anemia. A histopathological examination detected lesions, which were compatible with chronic nephritis and vascular renal hypertension. It is hypothesized that changes in the normal parenchymal architecture produced a vascular aberration that led to renal hypertension, with subsequent blood extravasation and hematuria. The horse recovered completely after nephrectomy.  相似文献   

13.
An observational study was conducted to comparatively assess the efficacy of three different oral rehydration and buffering solutions, differentiated by their strong ion difference (SID) concentration, for treatment of neonatal calves with naturally acquired diarrhea. The SID concentrations tested were 100 mM, 170 mM and 230 mM for treatments SID100, SID170 and SID230, respectively. Clinical assessment and blood gas analysis were completed for 18 diarrheic calves once pre- and twice post- (6 and 24 hr after) oral administration with one of the three treatments. A repeated measure mixed model approach was used to analyze (a) the within-group efficacy of each treatment over time and (b) the between-group comparison at each timepoint. SID230 treatment resulted in a significant increase in blood pH, HCO3−, BE, SID and Na+ at 6 and 24 hr after treatment, and a significant decrease in AG and K+ by 24 hr after treatment. There were no significant changes in any of the blood gas parameters after treatment with SID100 and SID170. SID230 treatment also resulted in blood gas parameter changes that were significantly different to the other two groups. These results suggest that the optimum SID concentration for the treatment of calves with diarrhea is likely to be higher than current recommendations.  相似文献   

14.
Various respiratory characteristics of mudfish blood were investigated. Oxygen and carbon dioxide contents of mixed venous blood were 1,17±0,53 and 11,35±1,65 vol. % respectively. Blood oxygen dissociation curves showed P50 values of 11,84±3,1; 13,77±2,0 and 18,05±4,7 mm Hg at CO2, concentrations of 0-1%, 4-5% and 9-10%. A marked Bohr effect of —0,59 was observed and the Haldane effect was found to be relatively low. No differences could be observed between the characteristics of L. umbratus and L. capensis blood.  相似文献   

15.
Little is known about genetic causes of congenital methemoglobinemia in dogs. Here, we report a CYB5R3 mutation in a Pomeranian dog with congenital methemoglobinemia. A 6‐year‐old neutered female Pomeranian dog was investigated for cyanosis noticed during anesthesia for an orthopedic procedure. The history included lifelong mild exercise intolerance and bluish tongue. Methemoglobinemia was diagnosed using co‐oximetry. The CYB5R3 gene was analyzed by comparing the patient's genomic DNA with the reference canine sequence. Mutation functional significance was investigated using snpEff and multispecies protein homology analyses. A homozygous missense single nucleotide CYB5R3 mutation (ATC ? CTC at codon 194) caused a p.Ile194Leu substitution. The pIle194 residue is highly conserved in other mammals, supporting the likely pathogenicity of the substitution. The mutation described here is identical to that associated with familial methemoglobinemia in a family of Japanese Pomeranian dogs. This observation, together with the homozygous mutation found in our case, indicates that the mutant allele may be widespread within the Pomeranian breed internationally.  相似文献   

16.
Cardiopulmonary effects of thoracoscopy in anesthetized normal dogs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Objective To evaluate the effect of an open‐chest condition on oxygen delivery in anesthetized dogs. Study design Prospective, controlled experimental study. Animals Eight clinically normal adult Walker Hound dogs weighing 25.6–29.2 kg. Methods Eight anesthetized dogs underwent an open‐chest operation after the insertion of thoracoscopy cannulae in the lateral chest walls . A Swan Ganz catheter was used to both measure hemodynamic parameters and obtain mixed venous blood samples for blood gas analysis. A dorsal pedal catheter was placed to both measure arterial blood pressure and obtain blood samples for blood gas analysis. Oxygen delivery index and oxygen extraction ratio were calculated. A randomized block anova for repeated measures was used to evaluate the effect of the treatment on hemodynamic and pulmonary parameters. Results Creation of an open chest did not significantly affect oxygen delivery index (DO2I; p = 0.545). It induced a significant decrease in arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2; p = 0.018) and arterial oxygen content (CaO2; p = 0.025). It induced a significant increase in shunt fraction (p = 0.023), physiologic dead space (p = 0.015), and alveolar‐arterial oxygen difference (p = 0.019). Arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2; p = 0.766) and arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SaO2; p = 0.178) were not significantly affected. Diastolic (DPAP; p = 0.050) and mean (MPAP; p = 0.033) pulmonary arterial pressures were significantly increased by opening the chest. Other hemodynamic parameters were not significantly affected. Conclusions Opening the thoracic cavity is not detrimental to hemodynamic function and oxygen delivery in normal dogs, although impaired gas exchange does occur. Clinical relevance Close monitoring of patients is recommended during open‐chest thoracoscopy as adverse effects on gas exchange can contribute to hypoxemia.  相似文献   

17.
ObjectiveTo compare values of haemoglobin concentration (SpHb), arterial haemoglobin saturation (SpO2) and calculated arterial oxygen content (SpOC), measured noninvasively with a pulse co-oximeter before and after in vivo adjustment (via calibration of the device using a measured haemoglobin concentration) with those measured invasively using a spectrophotometric-based blood gas analyser in anaesthetized dogs.Study designProspective observational clinical study.AnimalsA group of 39 adult dogs.MethodsIn all dogs after standard instrumentation, the dorsal metatarsal artery was catheterised for blood sampling, and a pulse co-oximeter probe was applied to the tongue for noninvasive measurements. Paired data for SpHb, SpO2 and SpOC from the pulse co-oximeter and haemoglobin arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) and arterial oxygen content (CaO2) from the blood gas analyser were obtained before and after in vivo adjustment. Bland–Altman analysis for repeated measurements was used to evaluate the bias, precision and agreement between the pulse co-oximeter and the blood gas analyser. Data are presented as mean differences and 95% limits of agreement (LoA).ResultsA total of 39 data pairs were obtained before in vivo adjustment. The mean invasively measured haemoglobin–SpHb difference was –2.7 g dL?1 with LoA of –4.9 to –0.5 g dL?1. After in vivo adjustment, 104 data pairs were obtained. The mean invasively measured haemoglobin–SpHb difference was –0.2 g dL?1 with LoA of –1.1 to 0.6 g dL?1. The mean SaO2–SpO2 difference was 0.86% with LoA of –0.8% to 2.5% and that between CaO2–SpOC was 0.66 mL dL–1 with LoA of –2.59 to 3.91 mL dL–1.ConclusionsBefore in vivo adjustment, pulse co-oximeter derived values overestimated the spectrophotometric-based blood gas analyser haemoglobin and CaO2 values. After in vivo adjustment, the accuracy, precision and LoA markedly improved. Therefore, in vivo adjustment is recommended when using this device to monitor SpHb in anaesthetised dogs.  相似文献   

18.
The objective of this prospective clinical study was to evaluate the accuracy of pulse oximetry and capnography in healthy and compromised horses during general anesthesia with spontaneous and controlled ventilation. Horses anesthetized in a dorsal recumbency position for arthroscopy (n = 20) or colic surgery (n = 16) were instrumented with an earlobe probe from the pulse oximeter positioned on the tip of the tongue and a sample line inserted at the Y-piece for capnography. The horses were allowed to breathe spontaneously (SV) for the first 20 min after induction, and thereafter ventilation was controlled (IPPV). Arterial blood, for blood gas analysis, was drawn 20 min after induction and 20 min after IPPV was started. Relationships between oxygen saturation as determined by pulse oximetry (SpO2), arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2), and end tidal carbon dioxide (P(et)CO2), several physiological variables, and the accuracy of pulse oximetry and capnography, were evaluated by Bland–Altman or regression analysis. In the present study, both SpO2 and P(et)CO2 provided a relatively poor indication of SaO2 and PaCO2, respectively, in both healthy and compromised horses, especially during SV. A difference in heart rate obtained by pulse oximetry, ECG, or palpation is significantly correlated with any pulse oximeter inaccuracy. If blood gas analysis is not available, ventilation to P(et)CO2 of 35 to 45 mmHg should maintain the PaCO2 within a normal range. However, especially in compromised horses, it should never substitute blood gas analysis.  相似文献   

19.
A molecular epidemiologic investigation in two Brazilian states (Rondônia and São Paulo) was undertaken to determine if Ehrlichia species responsible for human and animal ehrlichioses in North America could be found in Brazilian vectors, potential natural mammalian reservoirs and febrile human patients with a tick bite history. Samples, including 376 ticks comprising 9 Amblyomma species, 29 capybara (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris) spleens, 5 canine blood, and 75 human blood samples from febrile patients with history of tick bites were tested by a real-time PCR assay targeting a fragment of the Ehrlichia dsb gene. Ehrlichia DNA was not detected in any tick, capybara or human samples. In contrast, 4 out of 5 dogs contained Ehrlichia canis DNA in their blood, which were sequenced, representing the first report of E. canis infecting dogs in the Amazon region of Brazil. Further studies are needed to evaluate the presence of other agents of human and animal ehrlichioses in Brazil.  相似文献   

20.
ObjectiveEvaluation of the reliability of pulse oximetry at four different attachment sites compared to haemoglobin oxygen saturation measured by a co-oximeter and calculated by a blood gas analyser in immobilized impala.Study designRandomized crossover study.AnimalsA total of 16 female impala.MethodsImpala were immobilized with etorphine or thiafentanil alone, or etorphine in combination with a novel drug. Once immobilized, arterial blood samples were collected at 5 minute intervals for 30 minutes. Then oxygen was insufflated (5 L minute−1) intranasally at 40 minutes and additional samples were collected. A blood gas analyser was used to measure the arterial partial pressure of oxygen and calculate the oxygen haemoglobin saturation (cSaO2); a co-oximeter was used to measure the oxygen haemoglobin saturation (SaO2) in arterial blood. Pulse oximeter probes were attached: under the tail, to the pinna (ear) and buccal mucosa (cheek) and inside the rectum. Pulse oximeter readings [peripheral oxygen haemoglobin saturation (SpO2) and pulse quality] were recorded at each site and compared with SaO2 and cSaO2 using Bland-Altman and accuracy of the area root mean squares (Arms) methods to determine the efficacy. P value < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsPulse quality was ‘good’ at each attachment site. SpO2 measured under the tail was accurate and precise but only when SaO2 values were above 90% (bias = 3, precision = 3, Arms = 4). The ear, cheek and rectal probes failed to give accurate or precise readings (ear: bias = −4, precision = 14, Arms = 15; cheek: bias = 12, precision = 11, Arms = 16; and rectum: bias = 5, precision = 12, Arms = 13).Conclusions and clinical relevanceIn order to obtain accurate and precise pulse oximetry readings in immobilized impala, probes must be placed under the tail and SaO2 must be above 90%. Since SaO2 values are usually low in immobilized impala, pulse oximeter readings should be interpreted with caution.  相似文献   

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