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通过比较2种育秧盘机插稻生产力,为大面积水稻机械化及轻简化栽培提供最优农机农艺融合方案。结果显示:降解育秧钵盘处理秧苗在水稻茎基宽、单株分蘖数、百株地上部鲜质量均优于普通平盘育秧。同时,降解钵盘采用上毯下钵设计,调节插秧机取秧量可实现按钵精确机插,对秧苗根系植伤较轻,移栽后较普通平盘活棵快,分蘖发生早,在更短的时间内达到了预期穗数,穗粒结构较对照更为适宜,穗粒数均匀、变异系数小。收获期2个处理产量水平达到显著差异(P<0.05)。降解钵盘处理在一定程度上提高了糙米率、整精米率,降低了垩白率,效益较对照增加70.04元/667 m2。 相似文献
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水稻钵体育苗摆秧栽培技术 ,是目前寒地水稻栽培中较为先进的优质高产栽培技术。该项技术具有利于培育壮苗 ,起秧无植伤 ,移栽后返青快 ,分蘖早、分蘖成穗率高 ,提高结实率 ,促早熟 ,提高成熟度 ,产量高 ,品质好等特点。一、培育壮苗１ .品种选择选用适于当地自然、生产条件的具有分蘖力强、秆壮抗倒、抗病、质佳、高产品种。每ｈｍ２ 用种２０ｋｇ。２．育秧盘选择选用以ＰＶＣ材料制成的、每盘有５６１个钵孔的育秧盘。每ｈｍ２需要秧盘３５０～４００张。３．秧田准备选择背风向阳、地下水位低、排水良好、水源方便的旱田地或园田地作秧… 相似文献
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水稻钵体机插栽培技术应用试验报告 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
钵体育苗机插技术是把单钵体苗通过独特的育秧盘结构设计,使育出的钵体苗连在一起,实现钵苗机插,寻求育秧、栽插、管理相配套的更高栽培体系。试验结果表明,处理的株高、平方米穗数、结实率等都高于常规对照,增长幅度达到5.3%,增加效益170.1元/667 m2,实现了省工、节本、增效的目标,进一步提高了水稻机插栽培水平。 相似文献
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稻草机插秧盘育秧对水稻秧苗生长及产量形成的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对传统塑料秧盘育秧成本高、秧盘储存空间大等问题,设计研发了新型环保的稻草机插秧盘,并对稻草秧盘所育秧苗的素质、产量及机插后秧盘降解速度进行了比较研究。结果表明,稻草秧盘培育的秧苗生长健壮,根系能透过秧盘底部,且成毯性较好,搬运过程不断裂,可代替传统塑料秧盘育秧机插;在相同播种量下,稻草秧盘所育的秧苗素质不如钵形毯状秧盘和塑料平盘,表现为株高下降,叶龄减少,地上部质量、根质量和根冠比等相对较低,表明稻草秧盘中加入的增强剂、防水剂等化学原料不利于秧苗生长;育秧20 d,稻草秧盘质量从153.0 g下降至107.4 g,降解比例达到29.8%,降解速度为1.40 mg(/d.cm2);稻草秧盘机插大田后25 d内基本降解完全,稻草秧盘平均降解速度为2.64 mg(/d.cm2),降解速度呈现先增后减趋势;稻草秧盘机插水稻的产量与普通塑料秧盘育秧相比差异不显著,但低于钵形毯状秧苗机插,主要表现为每穗总粒数和千粒重较低。 相似文献
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不同育秧盘对机插双季稻株型与产量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【目的】旨在阐明不同育秧盘对机插双季稻株型与产量的影响。【方法】以4个早、晚稻品种为材料,设置毯状盘(CK)、钵体盘(D1)和钵体毯状盘(D2)3种育秧盘试验,系统测定了不同育秧盘处理下早、晚稻植株形态特征与产量结构。【结果】1）不同秧盘处理秧苗素质表现为CK>D1>D2;机插时,D2处理下秧苗整体机插质量最优,表现在漂秧率、伤秧率和漏插率D2均优于CK,提高了栽插质量;2）D2处理下秧苗返青快,拔节期后分蘖快,孕穗期分蘖数D2>D1>CK,有效促进了茎蘖成穗,直接影响产量;从SPAD值看,早晚稻孕穗期时,D2处理下秧苗叶片SPAD值比D1处理平均高出3.2%,比CK处理平均高出9.2%,可有效促进光合作用,为增产提供了营养保障;3）产量数据显示,早晚稻均以D2处理产量最高,早稻分别比CK和D1增产13.04%和1.65%,晚稻分别增产30%和19%,平均比对照(CK)育秧机插增产20%;具体表现在D2处理叶片叶绿素含量高,有效穗数多,结实率和千粒重指标好。【结论】与毯状盘和钵体盘相比,钵体毯状盘可提高秧苗素质和产量,在江西双季稻生产中具有推广应用价值。 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
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Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献
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Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献