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阐述了我国农业推广体系的发展方向就是充分利用计算机技术、微电子技术、通信技术、光电技术、遥感技术等多项技术,建立信息网络化平台,实现农业信息的获取、存储、传输、处理、应用,形成网络化的农业推广体系,以及为实现这一目标应做好信息平台和信息服务站的建设、农业科技信息资源的开发利用、农业应用软件的开发、农业多媒体制作技术等工作。 相似文献
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《广西农业机械化》2001,(2):10
农业科技创新体系要实现学科、体制、机制、管理四创新、既要遵循农业科技发展规律，又要实现农业科技体制、运行机制和管理模式改革同步运作。 这一创新体系结构由三部分组成：组织体系、技术体系、人才体系。组织体系。以一批重点学科、重点实验室、工程技术开发中心、中试示范基地、检测中心、农业信息网络和农业科技企业为主体。通过基础研究、应用基础研究和高技 术研究成为创新基地，发挥核心作用。创建示范园区并使之成为中试、产学研、成果产业化等示范基地。技术系系。它应该具有育种技术、生物技术、设施园艺技术、农副产品产后技术、农业机械技术、重大农作物病虫害预报及防治技术、农业环境保护与治理技术、农业信息技术等八大体系。这一体系要在种质创新、新品种选育、转基因平台技术构建，以及园艺产业发展、产品采收保鲜加工技术等方面有所突破。人才体系。包括高水平学科带头人、优秀的中青年技术骨干、博士硕士为主体的专业技术队伍、以研究生为主体的流动科研力量、既懂科研又熟悉经营管理的复合型人才。要采取特殊政策，吸引和留住更多优秀中青年科技人员投身农业科研事业与科技创新活动。 由组织、技术、人才三部分构建的农业科技创新体系将以新品种、新技术、新产品的攻克为技术平台，要在农业信息技术、节水农业技术、减灾技术、农产品加工储运技术等方面取得突破。在提高农产品竞争力、保护农业生态环境、增加农民收入、调整农业结构和农业产业化上有新突破，为都市农业提供全面技术支撑。 相似文献
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试述如何做好农机科技示范户的技术指导员工作 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
论述了基层农机推广补助项目技术指导工作是巩固基层农业技术推广体系改革与建设成果,大力提升基层农业技术推广体系公共服务能力,构建新型农业科技体系,保障主要农产品有效供给,促进农民持续增产、增收的重要途径。分析了农机科技示范户技术指导员指导农民应用新技术、新品种、新机具,促进农机在农业生产中的主导地位。提出了做好农机科技示范户技术指导员工作的有效方法。 相似文献
4.
农业信息化应用软件开发平台设计与实现 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对农业信息化应用软件开发周期长、建设成本高、可复用资源少等问题,基于构件和SOA技术,在Java EE技术框架下,选择Ext JS、DWR、Spring和i Batis技术框架设计开发了农业信息化应用软件开发平台。平台提供涵盖基础构件、业务构件在内的构件库和大量的使能工具,集成了软件设计、开发、调试、装配、部署、监控和治理等各个环节,支持流程驱动下基于构件装配的农业信息化应用软件开发。同时,对相关技术进行了介绍,搭建了平台体系架构,并对平台部分典型构件的实现进行了详细的阐述。最后,通过实际应用,验证了平台的可用性和有效性。 相似文献
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设施农业是城市化农业发展的必由之路，随着我国社会主义新农村建设的推进、国家农业基础工程的加速进行和国内外竞争平台的搭建，城市型农业迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。天津市北辰区城市化现代农业已建立一个完整的开发、科技、生产体系和比较完善的推广示范体系，进入快速发展机遇期。总结了天津市北辰区设施农业技术的典型案例及发展优势，为其他地区发展设施农业提供参考。 相似文献
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数字农业是现代农业技术与计算机技术和网络通信技术、空间信息技术相结合而形成的新型农业技术,是21世纪农业发展的新型模式.黑龙江省发展数字农业具有重要的理论和现实意义,而且已具备一定的基础.为此,在分析数字农业的涵义及其技术体系的基础上,结合国内外数字农业建设的实践与经验,提出了黑龙江省数字农业建设的总体框架,指出黑龙江省现阶段数字农业建设的主要内容是尽快制定数字农业标准体系、加快建设数字农业基础信息平台以及应用业务平台、实时开发与研制农业专家模型与管理决策支持系统等.根据黑龙江省实际情况,提出了黑龙江省数字农业建设的对策与建议. 相似文献
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农业部农机化司宗锦耀司长曾说:农业机械是农业科技的物化和载体。农机化技术推广是农业科技的重要组成部分,是促进农业科技成果尤其是农机化科技成果转化的主要手段。现代农业是以先进的农业科技为支撑的农业生产体系,机械化是农业现代化的重要标志。在传统农业向现代农业转变的过程中,需要进一步加强农机化技术推广工作,加快科技成果转化,实现农机化先进技术和装备的普及应用,才能促进"三化"(农业生产技术集成化、劳动过程机械化、生产经营信息化),增强"三力"(农业的 相似文献
9.
农业物联网技术与农业机械化发展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
随着科技的发展,农业机械也逐渐趋于智能化、节约化、精准化和大型化,而农业物联网作为农业信息化的先进技术,可以对农业机械发展起到技术支撑作用.为此,阐述了物联网的概念与特征,从可持续发展的观点出发,论述了农业物联网技术在农业机械化领域应用的可能性,具体分析了农业物联网技术在农机装备技术、气候智能型农业、农机化区划与农机4S以及农业机械化应急体系中的应用前景. 相似文献
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随着社会发展,专业人才的缺乏成为阻碍许多行业发展的重要因素,所以培养出适合发展要求的人才成为发展过程中研究和关注的重点.传统的PLC应用技术过于注重理论教学,对学生动手能力培养存在一定缺陷,培养出的学生就业后不能适应技术岗位要求.文章就当下工作过程中的实践能力要求现状进行分析,介绍PLC应用技术含义进行分析,提出促进技术进一步发展的有力措施. 相似文献
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Hans-Dieter Seelig Alexander Hoehn Louis S. Stodieck David M. Klaus William W. AdamsIII William J. Emery 《Irrigation Science》2009,27(5):357-365
Plants with different abilities for osmotic adjustment (cowpea, bean, and sugarbeet) were subjected to gradually decreasing
soil water content. During the development of water deficit stress, various plant water parameters were measured to characterize
their relationship to the near infrared R
1300/R
1450 leaf water index, which is based on the measurement of light reflected from leaves. In all three species, leaf water thickness
(LWT), leaf cell relative water content (RWC), and overall leaf thickness remained relatively constant under moderate water
deficit stress. However, at the point when plants could no longer cope with the increasing level of water deficit stress,
LWT, RWC, and leaf thickness were found to decrease substantially, signaling the onset of leaf dehydration. The R
1300/R
1450 leaf water index followed the RWC very closely in cowpea and bean leaves, and with some time lag in sugarbeet leaves. The
R
1300/R
1450 index may therefore be used as a feedback-signal in precision irrigation control, signaling effectively the physiological
response of plants when water deficit stress becomes detrimental. RWC and the R
1300/R
1450 index were linearly correlated in cowpea and bean leaves, but not in sugarbeet leaves. 相似文献
13.
文章阐述了《单片机应用技术》课程教改实施的意义、思路及方案,总结了这门课程的教改特点、创新及取得的成果,并对在教改实施过程中碰到的问题进行了反思. 相似文献
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The implementation of nutrient management plans for confined animal feeding operations requires recording N and P loads from land-applied manure, including nutrients applied in irrigation water from manure treatment lagoons. By regulation, lagoon irrigation water nutrient records in Mississippi must be based on at least one lagoon water nutrient analysis annually. Research in Mississippi has shown that N and P levels in lagoon water, and the N:P ratio, vary significantly through the year. Nutrient estimates based on one annual analysis do not account for this variability and may overestimate or underestimate N and P loads. The present study reports an improved method to more precisely estimate N and P loads in irrigation water from swine manure lagoons. The method is based on predictable annual cycles of N and P levels in lagoon water and employs simple curve-fitting of lagoon-specific formulas derived by analyses of historical data. Similarity of curves from analyses of Mississippi lagoons and other lagoon studies suggests that the method can be applied using the often limited nutrient data for a lagoon to more precisely estimate seasonal shifts of N and P and to improve the precision of estimates for N and P in irrigation water. Although the present study focused on swine manure lagoons in the southern US, recognition that the annual N cycle in lagoon water is temperature driven, suggests that additional research incorporating temperature into future models could extend these models to other types of waste treatment lagoons and climates. 相似文献
16.
Pedro Vieira de Azevedo Jose Monteiro Soares Bernardo Barbosa da Silva 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(3):301-308
This study deals with the effects of intermittent irrigation on actual evapotranspiration (ET) and leaf area index (LAI) of “Superior” grapevines grown in a semiarid environment in northeastern Brazil. The field experiments were carried out during two consecutive fruiting cycles (dry season and rainy season) of grapevines (Vitis vinifera, L) irrigated by drip at a rate of 2.3 L h−1. Four irrigation time intervals were used as follow: one turn irrigation-time (I-1), two turn irrigation-time (I-2), three turn irrigation-time (I-3), and four turn irrigation-time (I-4). The growing cycles received different amounts of water by irrigation, which for dry and rainy seasons were 470.5 and 243.5 mm, respectively. The ET increased from 5.7 to 7.5 mm day−1 when the irrigation time interval changed from I-1 to I-4 and resulted in a higher value of LAI. The values of ET during the rainy-season growing cycle were much lower throughout the phenological stages, reaching a maximum of 6.4 mm day−1 for I-4 in the maturation stage. For both growing cycles, an increase in the cumulated vineyard evapotranspiration was observed when changing the irrigation time interval from I-1 to I-4, except I-2, which was slightly greater than I-3. Soil water drainage had a very gradual exponential decrease from I-1 to I-4 in both fruiting cycles. The grapevine coefficient under intermittent irrigation can be described as function of days after pruning by polynomial models. 相似文献
17.
Tamara Begdullayeva Kirsten M. Kienzler Elena Kan Nazar Ibragimov John P. A. Lamers 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》2007,21(3-4):237-250
Water and land salinization, caused by ill-practiced irrigation and drainage is acute and widespread in Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan.
A crop frequently grown in these marginal areas is sorghum because of its capability to adapt to saline conditions. However,
the salt uptake potential of local varieties for salt-ameliorative purposes, as well as possible income-generation benefits,
have not yet been studied. Therefore, field experiments on low, medium and highly saline soils were conducted using four sorghum
cultivars (S. vulgare, S. cernuum, S. durra, and S. technicum). The effect of soil salinity on biomass, stover and grain yield, the baking and feed quality, and total water soluble salt
(TDS) accumulation, was assessed according to varieties, plant fractions and growth phases. Results showed that S. cernuum had the highest grain yield on the low (5.13 t ha−1), medium (6.05 t ha−1) and highly (3.3 t ha−1) saline soil. S. technicum showed the lowest growth potential under all salinity levels. TDS accumulation varied between 406 and 185 kg ha−1 depending on variety, site, plant fractions and growth stage. Irrespective of the soil salinity levels and varieties, TDS
was highest in stover and leaves, while highest TDS uptake, mainly chlorides and bicarbonates, occurred between booting and
flowering. Baking quality of all varieties was extremely low, whereas the in-vitro feed was assessed as of medium quality.
The findings indicate the scope of local sorghum varieties for phytomelioration of marginal lands in Karakalpakstan, while
concurrently satisfying a wider range of rural livelihood needs. 相似文献
18.
机械制图是机械工程类的语言,对它的掌握将直接影响学生今后的学习和发展,所以文章主要分析职业学校《机械制图》课程的特点和学生情况,从几个方面来阐述机械制图的教学方法. 相似文献
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《机械基础》是机械类专业学生的入门课,同时为学生学习其他机械专业课程打下基础.随着社会的发展,信息技术日新月异,新技术层出不穷,社会对高技能人才提出了更高的要求,传统的教学模式已经很难以适应教学需要,教师要结合中职学生实际情况,不断改进教学方法,以学生为主体,更多地采用趣味教学,激发学生的学习兴趣,优化课堂,加强教学效果. 相似文献
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联系中国制造业的发展现状,以学生的视角,从创新驱动为核心、智能制造为主攻方向、绿色发展为设计理念三个方面,分析并探讨了中国制造业处于大而不强的原因,提出了实施《中国制造2025》策略亟待解决的问题,以及当代大学生在校期间如何培养创新精神、提高智能技术和深化绿色理念,以实现提高我国综合国力,迈入制造强国的最终目的. 相似文献