共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 103 毫秒
1.
倍性鉴定是橡胶树种质资源鉴定评价的基础工作之一。本研究利用流式细胞仪对国家橡胶树种质资源圃内的橡胶树种质资源进行全面的倍性鉴定,对嵌合体的四倍体细胞比例进行分析,并比较不同倍性的气孔性状差异。从5177份野生种质中发现三倍体11份,四倍体1份。从552份魏克汉种质中发现,三倍体9份,四倍体2份,嵌合体14份。14份嵌合体的四倍体细胞比例在49.06%~78.26%之间。不同倍性间的气孔长度、宽度和密度差异均极显著,气孔长度和宽度的排序为四倍体>三倍体>嵌合体,气孔密度的排序相反。研究结果对利用四倍体种质资源开展橡胶树倍性间杂交育种具有重要应用价值。 相似文献
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大麦小孢子再生植株气孔保卫细胞长度与倍性的相关性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了建立一种快速鉴定大麦小孢子来源植株倍性的方法,对大麦品种"花30"不同倍性(种子来源二倍体,小孢子来源单倍体和单倍体加倍系)早期植株的不同叶位、不同叶片部位的气孔保卫细胞长度进行了测定,考察了不同取材部位气孔保卫细胞长度的差异,对种子来源二倍体、小孢子来源单倍体和单倍体加倍材料的气孔保卫细胞长度的分布进行了区分。结果表明,"花30"单倍体材料的气孔保卫细胞长度在不同叶位以及不同叶片部位差异较小,而单倍体加倍材料和种子来源二倍体材料受叶片部位影响较大,单倍体和二倍体材料间气孔保卫细胞的长度差异显著,而单倍体加倍材料和种子来源二倍体材料间气孔保卫细胞长度未观察到明显差异。单倍体和单倍体加倍材料气孔保卫细胞的长度值范围分别为26.9~37.7μm和36.7~62.1μm;利用37μm临界值可对大麦小孢子来源的DH群体中的单倍体进行快速区分。 相似文献
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[目的]观察秋水仙素离体诱导后的四倍体君子兰形态性状是否发生改变,为其多倍体诱导及鉴定提供更多依据。[方法]以移栽后的2年生君子兰二倍体和秋水仙素诱导获得的四倍体株系为材料,对不同倍性君子兰的叶片厚度、长度、宽度以及叶片下表皮气孔密度、大小、叶绿体数进行观察比较。[结果]君子兰加倍植株的性状稳定,四倍体君子兰叶片变厚、变短、变宽,且表面粗糙,生长缓慢;二倍体君子兰叶面光滑,叶薄,生长较快。此外,四倍体君子兰的气孔(40.5μm×12.3μm)和保卫细胞(59.9μm×21.9μm)明显变大,气孔密度(14.3个/mm2)变小。[结论]秋水仙素离体诱导君子兰所获得的四倍体植株性状稳定,叶片和气孔性状可以作为判断君子兰是否加倍的辅助指标。 相似文献
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木薯成熟种茎多倍体诱导及鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以木薯品种SC205和新选048的成熟种茎为材料,利用秋水仙素对侧芽进行滴液法处理诱导多倍体,使用流式细胞仪鉴定木薯植株倍性,并通过形态学、解剖学、生理学方法鉴定和分析多倍体、嵌合体和二倍体特征特性。结果表明:通过诱变处理获得了木薯四倍体和嵌合体植株,四倍体和嵌合体植株与二倍体相比表现出最上部全展叶第1和第2叶叶形指数降低、叶片厚度增加,气孔密度变小,叶绿体数目增加,气孔长度、保卫细胞长度和宽度增大,叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量、类胡萝卜素含量、叶绿素总量、SPAD值增高,净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率增大。 相似文献
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猪屎豆是重要的农业植物资源,在绿肥、饲用和药用等方面都有重要的开发潜力,然而目前关于猪屎豆的品种培育还处于空白,生产上缺乏优良品种导致生产性能参差不齐的问题突出,开展多倍体育种研究可为今后猪屎豆种质资源创新利用和培育新品种奠定材料基础。本研究以二倍体猪屎豆为实验材料,通过不同质量浓度秋水仙素和不同处理时间对猪屎豆露白种子进行多倍体诱导,探讨秋水仙素对二倍体猪屎豆的诱变效果,并利用流式细胞倍性检测和根尖染色体核型分析对诱变后代的倍性进行检测,进一步比较分析二倍体和同源四倍体的气孔和保卫细胞大小以及叶片和种子形态等特征变化。结果表明：与对照相比,秋水仙素处理抑制了猪屎豆种子胚根的生长和下胚轴的伸长,使种子胚轴发生诱变而缩短变粗。研究发现以100 mg/L的秋水仙素浓度浸泡12h时猪屎豆种子四倍体诱导率最高,为13.33%,总体效果最佳。与二倍体相比,同源四倍体植株叶片下表皮的气孔长度和宽度、保卫细胞长度和宽度显著增加而气孔密度显著降低;同源四倍体植株的叶片宽度和叶柄宽度显著增加,而叶片长度和叶柄长度显著缩短;同源四倍体植株的叶形指数显著减小。此外,同源四倍体植株所获种子较二倍体显著增大,种... 相似文献
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以收集的16份茉莉花资源及50份实生种质为材料,以玉米B73为内参,采用流式细胞术估测茉莉花基因组大小,并以二倍体品种为对照,计算茉莉花染色体倍性。结果表明：内参与待测样品峰值能完全分开,无重叠峰,峰型清晰集中,可对茉莉花基因组大小进行有效估测;供试材料中有56份二倍体,基因组大小为0.54~0.63 Gb,有7份三倍体,基因组大小为0.79~0.96 Gb,有3份四倍体,基因组大小为1.04~1.12 Gb;从收集的资源中鉴定出二倍体和三倍体,未见四倍体,而从实生种质中鉴定出3个四倍体、2个三倍体,表明实生选种是茉莉花种质创新的一条有效途径;在已明确花冠类型的材料中,三倍体及四倍体均为单瓣型茉莉。该研究结果为茉莉花倍性育种及实生选种提供科学依据。 相似文献
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1982—1984年我们对野生种、栽培种及其杂交种的不同染色体倍性的二倍体、四倍体、三倍体、六倍体花生的叶片气孔性状作了初步观察。目的在于观察不同染色体倍性的花生叶片气孔性状的差异,探讨利用气孔性状作为鉴别不同染色体倍性花生材料的方法。 相似文献
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对滇中朗目山野生二倍体鸭茅用秋水仙素处理萌动种子，获得了混倍体鸭茅(同一植株根尖中二倍体细胞和四倍体细胞混存)，混倍体鸭茅的形态学特征及生长发育均与二倍体无明显差异；从混倍体鸭茅自然传粉后代中，获得了纯合同源四倍体鸭茅。同源四倍体鸭茅的气孔和种子均较二倍体大，但形态、发育与二倍体差异较小。以诱导所得混倍体为母本，与四倍体栽培种杂交，杂交F1代为四倍体，其形态学特征及物候发育均介于野生二倍体和四倍体栽培种之间，早期生长与四倍体栽培种相当，优于野生二倍体，繁殖性能与野生二倍体相当，强于四倍体栽培种，分蘖、再生性及干物质产量均强于二倍体，但明显不如四倍体栽培种。以鸭茅野生二倍体为母本，与四倍体栽培种进行杂交，获得的杂交三倍体高度不孕，但早期生长、分蘖、再生等明显优于母本二倍体，杂交三倍体开放传粉后代倍性复杂，混倍体、四倍体和五倍体都有。 相似文献
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采用改良刮制法研究了水稻剑叶气孔长度、宽度和气孔密度 ,并对其进行了相关分析(线性 )。结果表明 :( 1)籼稻品种IR2 4剑叶的平均气孔长度、宽度和气孔密度分别是2 3 86μm、 18 2 5μm和 667个·mm- 2 ,而且不同部位间存在着显著和极显著差异 ,气孔长度和宽度呈极显著的正相关 ,气孔宽度与气孔密度的相关不显著 ,而气孔长度与气孔密度间则表现出明显的负相关 ;( 2 )粳稻品种秋光的平均气孔长度、宽度和气孔密度分别是 2 6 2 9μm、2 0 55μm和 4 4 5个·mm- 2 ,与籼稻品种IR2 4不同的是 ,各部位间气孔长度和宽度的差异不显著 ,而气孔密度的分布却存在着显著差异 ,相关分析结果 :三个性状间的相关不显著 相似文献
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不同类型水稻剑叶气孔长，宽度与气孔密度的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用改良刮制法研究了水稻剑叶气孔长度、宽度和气孔密度，并对其进行了相关分析（线性）。结果表明：（1）灿稻品种IR24剑叶的平均气孔长度、宽度和气孔密度分别是23．86μm,18.25μm和667个.mm^-2，而且不同部位间存在着显著和极显著差异。气孔长度和宽度呈极显著的正相关，气孔宽度与气孔度的相关不显著，而气孔长度与气孔密度间则表现出明显的负相关；（2）粳稻品种秋光的平均气孔长度、宽度和气孔密度分别是26．29μm,20.55μm和445个.mm^-2，与灿稻品种IR24不同的是，各部位间气孔长度和宽度的差异不显著，而气孔密度的分布却 存在着显著差异，相关分析结果：三个性状间的相关不显著。 相似文献
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A. Barekye P. TongoonaJ. Derera M.D. LaingW.K. Tushemereirwe 《Field Crops Research》2011,122(3):284-289
The generation of banana triploids from tetraploid-diploid crosses requires knowledge on the influence of the parents on black Sigatoka resistance and agronomic traits to the triploid progenies. The objective of this investigation was to determine the influence of tetraploid and diploid parents on black Sigatoka resistance and agronomic traits in the triploid progenies generated from tetraploid-diploid crosses. The mating scheme was designed as a 4 × 5 North Carolina II mating design. Due to problems in seed set and germination, progenies from 2 male parents with 4 female parents were evaluated at two sites in Uganda. The results showed that the male-parent triploid progeny heritability estimate for the number of leaves at harvest was greater than the female parent estimate. The diploid parents had higher correlation coefficients for the total leaves at harvest with the triploid progenies than tetraploid parents with triploid progenies. Disease development over time took more days in diploid parents than in the tetraploid parents with the triploid progenies as intermediates. These results suggested that diploids transferred black Sigatoka resistance to the triploid progenies as measured by the number of standing leaves and disease development overtime. There was a positive correlation (P < 0.05) between tetraploid female parents and triploid progenies for plant height and bunch weight. The triploid progeny-tetraploid female parent heritability estimates for plant height (0.92) and bunch weight (0.72) were highly significant. These results indicated that the female synthetic tetraploids influenced plant height and bunch weight in the triploid progenies. Therefore, it is important to select the tetraploids with heavy bunches to effectively improve yield in triploid progenies generated by tetraploid-diploid crosses. The tetraploid-diploid progenies had a significant (P < 0.05) family-by-site interaction for bunch weight indicating that new banana genotypes need to be tested across different environments to select stable genotypes to promote to end-users. 相似文献
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火龙果为仙人掌科量天尺属和蛇鞭柱属植物,不同类型火龙果种质的染色体倍性尚不明确。为明确所收集的种质资源以及创制的新材料的染色体倍性,利用流式细胞技术对29份火龙果材料进行了倍性鉴定。结果显示,供试的18份种质资源中共鉴定出二倍体火龙果14份,四倍体4份,无三倍体材料。通过不同倍性亲本杂交和秋水仙素诱变所创制的8份后代材料经鉴定发现有二倍体材料1份,三倍体材料3份,四倍体材料4份,这表明火龙果属间杂交和化学诱变可获得多倍体材料。研究结果对火龙果资源的遗传学评价以及开展倍性杂交育种提供重要的参考依据。 相似文献
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不同染色体倍性水稻植株光合特性的研究 总被引：19，自引：1，他引：18
以花培获得的粳稻02428单倍体、二倍体和四倍体植株为材料,测定了与光合作用有关的若干性状。气孔大小、比叶重随染色体倍性的增加而递增;而单位面积的气孔数则呈递减的趋势;叶绿素含量与染色体倍性无明显的相关性。剑叶净光合作用速率的两年测定结果相符,单倍体是9.39和10.16 mg CO2/dm2·h,二倍体是17.57和15.80 mg CO2/dm2·h,四倍体是22.64和22.52 mg CO2/dm2·h。讨论了性状表达与DNA剂量的关系。 相似文献
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Diploid (2n = 2× = 24) potato (Solarium) species that produce 2n gametes are being utilized in potato breeding programs. Three breeding schemes involving these diploids are presently used by potato breeders to transfer this genetic material from diploid parents to their tetraploid offspring. Derived tetraploids may arise through tetraploid × diploid, tetraploid × haploid-species, or diploid × diploid hybridizations. The inbreeding coefficient of derived tetraploids is a complex function of the coancestry of the parents, the inbreeding of the parents, the coefficient of double reduction in the tetraploid parent, and the frequency of single exchange tetrads in the diploid parent(s), and it depends on the mechanism of 2n gamete formation. For the two breeding strategies involving tetraploid female parents, there is less inbreeding in the derived tetraploid from a diploid parent producing 2n pollen by first division restitution than 2n pollen by second division restitution when the frequency of single exchange tetrads in the diploid is less than 2/3. In bilateral sexual polyploidization, the inbreeding coefficient of a derived tetraploid for a given set of parents from a first division × first division restitution cross is less than the inbreeding coefficient of a second division × first division restitution cross which is less than the inbreeding coefficient of a second division × second division cross when the frequency of single exchange tetrads is less than 2/3. 相似文献
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茶树倍性与保卫细胞叶绿体数目的关系 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
对15个不同倍性自然茶树品种(品系、单株)叶片保卫细胞中叶绿体数目观察结果表明,不同倍数体茶树间的叶保卫细胞其叶绿体数目呈一定的比例关系,即:二倍体≤16,且接近16;三倍体≤24,且接近24;四倍体≤32,且接近32,表现为2∶3∶4的比例,也即:体细胞增加一个染色体组,叶片保卫细胞大约增加8个叶绿体,因而利用保卫细胞叶绿体数目鉴定茶树多倍体可能是一种简便、有效的方法。 相似文献
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PENG Hai ZHANG Hong-yu LI Yun XU Pei-zhou WANG Xu-dong WU Xian-jun 《水稻科学》2007,14(4):265-271
A total of five pairs of diploid-triploid twin-seedlings (a diploid seedling and a triploid seedling emerged from a grain) were selected out from 4500 pairs of seedlings from SARII-628, a twin-seedling rice line. SSR analysis indicated that no difference between the diploid seedling and corresponding triploid seedling in a twin-seedling was found at the 310 loci, indicating that there was no obvious change in DNA primary structure. A modified AFLP technique ‘MSAP (methylation-sensitive AFLP)’ was used to analyze methylation mutation. Although no methylation mutation was noted among the five diploids, 29 methylation mutation loci were found from the corresponding triploids. This suggested that methylation mutation happened rapidly on M0 generation after natural homologous triploidization. The mutations were classified into 10 types, including 3 increased types, 3 decreased types and 4 undecided types of methylation-degrees. The bands of 22 loci were sequenced and then those sequences were searched through website. The result showed that the methylation mutation involved into the whole rice genome and the 12 pairs of chromosomes. The mutation trend was site-related and there were different mutation loci for different triploids, which foretold that SARII-628 would have different evolution fates after natural homologous triploidization. 相似文献