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为掌握自然条件下阿里山潜蝇茧蜂[Fopius arisanus(Sonan)]对橘小实蝇[Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel)]为害的控制效果，研究阿里潜蝇茧蜂与橘小实蝇数量之比对橘小实蝇卵的被寄生率的影响和阿里山潜蝇茧蜂对橘小实蝇的持续控制效果。结果表明：当阿里山潜蝇茧蜂与橘小实蝇数量之比达到3:1时，阿里山潜蝇茧蜂对橘小实蝇卵的寄生率达57%左右，再增加阿里山潜蝇茧蜂不会显著提高橘小实蝇卵的被寄生率；阿里山潜蝇茧蜂对橘小实蝇的有效控制时间为15 d左右。由此可见，田间应用阿里山潜蝇茧 相似文献
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研究了瓜螟绒茧蜂Apanteles taragamae Viereck的田间消长动态和对瓜螟幼虫龄期的选择,及其寄生对瓜螟幼虫发育历期和取食量的影响。结果表明,瓜螟绒茧蜂全年均可寄生,其中以温度较低季节(上年10月至翌年3月)寄生率较高,为14.33%~29.73%;温度较高季节(4~9月)寄生率较低,仅为2.26%~8.54%;瓜螟绒茧蜂能寄生瓜螟1~3龄幼虫。当1~3龄幼虫同时存在时,偏爱寄生2龄幼虫。在室内试验条件下,每雌24h内平均可寄生6.33头幼虫,对幼虫平均寄生率为15.83%;被寄生幼虫的历期有延长的趋势,其中4龄被寄生幼虫历期较正常幼虫的历期延长较为明显;瓜螟幼虫被寄生后的取食量极显著少于未被寄生幼虫的取食量。研究结果认为,瓜螟绒茧蜂是一种值得保护和利用的寄生蜂。 相似文献
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多杀菌素对阿里山潜蝇茧蜂的亚致死效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以对多杀菌素敏感的橘小实蝇实验种群做寄主饲养阿里山潜蝇茧蜂,毒力测定结果显示,多杀菌素对阿里山潜蝇茧蜂雌蜂和雄蜂的LC50分别为0.090 8 mg/mL和0.027 4 mg/mL,LD50分别为1.004 1 mg和0.804 3 mg。分别用1 000、2 000、3 000倍液的多杀菌素处理阿里山潜蝇茧蜂成蜂,与对照相比,不同倍液的多杀菌素亚致死剂量均使阿里山潜蝇茧蜂的寿命显著缩短;雌蜂的总产卵量、平均产卵量、寄生率、子代成蜂羽化率等均随着多杀菌素浓度的增大而减少;但子代雌雄性比之间差异不显著;阿里山潜蝇茧蜂寄生橘小实蝇卵的拟合方程符合Holling圆盘方程Ⅱ型,处理寄主的时间随着多杀菌素浓度的增大而增加、瞬时攻击率、搜寻效应等均随着多杀菌素浓度的增大而减少。结果表明,多杀菌素的亚致死剂量可通过缩短寿命、降低繁殖力、改变功能反应参数等影响阿里山潜蝇茧蜂,从而影响生物防治的效果。 相似文献
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茧蜂标本基因组DNA提取及RAPD分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对茧蜂标本总DNA的3种提取方法进行了比较试验。结果表明，改进的十六烷基三乙基溴化铵(Cetyllrirnethyl Ammonium Bromide，CTAB)法效果最好。在优化反应条件下用25个随机引物对蚜茧蜂亚科下的6种蚜茧蜂供试材料进行RAPD(Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA)技术分析，共得到159条带，各片段长度为200～3000bp。依据RAPD标记数据聚类分析，确定它们之间的亲缘关系，结果与传统分类的一致。 相似文献
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为明确桑树主要害虫桑螟的天敌寄生蜂资源及其寄生特性并利用生物防治措施有效控制桑螟的危害,对海南主要桑园桑螟寄生蜂进行了系统调查和研究。结果表明,海南桑螟天敌寄生蜂主要有5种,分别为桑螟绒茧蜂Apanteles heterusiae Wilkinson、食心虫白茧蜂Phanerotoma planifrons Nees、红铃虫甲腹茧蜂Chelonus pectinophorae Cushman、菲岛长距茧蜂Macrocentrus philippinensis Ashmead和广大腿小蜂Brachymeria lasus Walker。其中,桑螟绒茧蜂为优势种,田间寄生率高达63.24%,1头桑螟幼虫可出蜂3~16头;其他4种寄生蜂均为单寄生,田间平均寄生率依次为9.15%、6.21%、5.62%和5.24%。室内寄生特性研究发现,桑螟绒茧蜂对桑螟龄期和密度具有选择性,主要寄生1龄和2龄桑螟幼虫,偶尔寄生3龄幼虫,仅在1龄桑螟幼虫密度为9和2龄密度为8头时寄生率最高,且出蜂量最大。待被寄生桑螟幼虫发育至5龄时从桑螟体内啮出,并在5~7 h内结茧化蛹,啮出幼虫可全部化蛹,4~5 d后羽化,羽化率为33.33%~ 100%,性比为0~87.50%,成蜂寿命为1~3 d,多为2 d,雄蜂寿命略短于雌蜂。未观察到桑螟绒茧蜂寄生家蚕。研究为桑螟绒茧蜂的规模化繁育和利用提供前提。 相似文献
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采用分光光度法测定不同温度条件下(29、32、35、38、41℃)阿里山潜蝇茧蜂[Fopius arisanus (Sonan)]幼虫、蛹和成蜂体内保护酶系活性的变化.结果表明:(1)经不同高温处理后,阿里山潜蝇茧蜂各虫态体内过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)活性均明显高于对照组,38℃为幼虫、蛹和雌蜂体内CAT清除H2O2的最适温度.同一处理温度下,幼虫体内CAT活性高于蛹,雄蜂体内CAT活性高于雌虫.(2)热胁迫处理后,雌雄蜂体内过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD)活性均高于对照,且雄蜂体内POD活性高于雌蜂.幼虫、蛹和雌蜂体内POD活性随温度的升高呈“M”形变化趋势,分别在35、38、35℃时达最大值.(3)阿里山潜蝇茧蜂高温暴露后,幼虫和蛹体内超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性均在35℃时达最大值,雌雄蜂体内SOD活性均明显高于对照,分别在35、32℃时活性达到最大. 相似文献
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蝇蛹金小蜂是蝇类害虫重要的蛹期寄生性天敌，为了评价其对蔬菜上重要害虫瓜实蝇的控害潜能，本文就蝇蛹金小蜂对瓜实蝇蛹的寄生潜能进行了研究，建立了功能反应和干扰效应数学模型。结果表明，蝇蛹金小蜂对不同蛹龄瓜实蝇蛹的寄生功能反应均符合 HollingⅡ模型，但不同蛹龄之间的功能反应参数存在差异。蝇蛹金小蜂对 2 日龄、4 日龄和 6 日龄瓜实蝇蛹的模方程分别为 Na = 0.478 0N0/(1+0.010N0)、Na = 0.474 0N0/(1+0.008 6N0) 和 Na = 0.476 4N0/(1+0.009 9N0)。蝇蛹金小蜂自身密度也会对寄生产生一定的干扰效应，用 Hassell-Varley 模型拟合，蝇蛹金小蜂干扰效应方程可表示为：a = 0.071 9P –0.252 6。 相似文献
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Parasitic Hymenoptera are some of the most abundant natural enemies of all fruit pests. Their role is rather variable in relation to the type of agroecosystem. Several approaches (introduction of exotic species, inoculative and inundative releases, measures for conservation of the existing species, etc.) can be implemented to increase the role of the parasitoids in controlling pest species. Classical biological, when applicable, as against several citrus pests, is still the most ecologically and economically sound method. The role parasitoids play in the regulation of pest populations remains uncertain, but much evidence for its importance as a regulatory factor comes from biological control programs. 相似文献
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本研究对瓜实蝇Bactrocera cucurbitae Coqillet的性别决定基因tra- 2的eDNA序列进行了克隆和分析。根据转录组数据库及序列同源性分析，分别克隆并获得瓜实蝇雌雄成虫tra- 2的基因片段，利用生物信息软件对所得序列进行分析;采用qPCR技术，研究该基因在瓜实蝇不同发育阶段的表达情况。研究结果表明，瓜实蝇ra-2基因的eDNA序列共1 450 bp,无性别特异性，含753 bp的开放阅读框，共编码250个氨基酸。 该基因在瓜实蝇不同发育阶段均有不同的表达量，瓜实蝇tra-2基因具有母体遗传表达特性，在胚胎期的表达量较高，雌成虫表达量显著高于雄成虫。 相似文献
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To improve biological pest control, we would like to understand the main factors that limit the reproductive success of key biological control agents, including parasitoid wasps. Previous research with proovigenic parasitoids in the genus Anagrus collected from multiple field sites revealed positive correlations between parasitoid fecundity and local host density. In this article, we test whether this variation in fecundity is a reflection of transgenerational phenotypic plasticity. We exposed females in laboratory microcosms to either low or high host densities and then quantified the fecundity of their adult daughters. Mean fecundity of daughters did not differ across host density treatments, arguing against the operation of phenotypic plasticity. Significant variation in mean fecundity across different families instead suggested the possibility that genetic variation may underlie the observed fecundity differences. 相似文献
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The beneficial parasitoid Asecodes hispinarum Bouček plays an important role in integrated pest management (IPM) of the coconut leaf beetle, Brontispa longissima (Gestro), in China. A. hispinarum females parasitize 3rd to 4th instars B. longissima larvae. Hatched parasitoid larvae develop within the host, and parasitoid adults emerge through holes that they chew through the cuticle of the host. Although chemicals serve as the main short term control agents, the compatibility of biological and chemical control has never been investigated for this system. This study examined the responses of immature and adult B. longissima and its larval parasitoid A. hispinarum to avermectin and acetamiprid. Avermectin caused complete mortality of 2nd to 4th instar larvae, and of adults of B. longissima at 10, 15 and 2 d after treatment, respectively. However, 26.7% of the 2nd instar larvae, 55.3% of the 4th instar larvae, and 74%, of adult B. longissima were still alive 40 d after acetamiprid application. Following avermectin exposure, 17.5%, 9.2% and 23% of mummified B. longissima larvae contained viable adult parasitoids for the parasitoid egg, larva and pupa treatments, respectively, and the numbers of dead parasitoids per mummy were 3.3, 7.2 and 13.3 for the egg, larva and adult treatments, respectively. However, for acetamiprid treatment, 70–75.9% of mummified B. longissima larvae contained viable adult parasitoids in all three stage treatments, and the number of dead parasitoids per mummy was 2.8, 2 and 3.4 in egg, larva and adult treatments, respectively. This study showed that a sublethal dose of avermectin is more toxic than acetamiprid to B. longissima and A. hispinarum. Therefore, direct contact of the parasitoid with avermectin should be avoided when this insecticide is used to control B. longissima. 相似文献
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Marjorie A. Hoy 《Crop Protection》2000,19(8-10):657-664
David Rosen was a scientist, professor, administrator, philosopher, organizer, family man, and friend to many. He made numerous and remarkable contributions to biological control in citrus. Much of his research was on the biosystematics of Aphytis parasitoids, but he also held strong convictions about the importance of biological control in citrus integrated pest management (IPM), and carried out research on genetic improvement of parasitoids. David was the first incumbent of the Vigevani Chair of Agriculture and Professor of Entomology at the Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences at the Rehovot campus of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. David served as an organizer of the XIV International Plant Protection Congress in Jerusalem, Israel, and his imprint on the congress was evident despite his absence. In addition to reviewing David's scientific contributions, I present an overview of the challenges facing biological control in the USA, including many that concerned David: increased scrutiny from regulatory agencies regarding the effects of natural enemies on nontarget species, loss of taxonomic experts, concerns about the accidental introduction of plant pathogens with the importation of natural enemies of insect vectors, and challenges to the tradition of international cooperation. If the increased demand for biological control is to be met in 21st century agricultural IPM programs, several scientific, social, and legal issues must be resolved. 相似文献
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中国烟粉虱寄生蜂资源及其区系分布 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对中国寄生烟粉虱的寄生蜂种类、寄主类别和分布地区进行了系统论述。根据采集调查和文献记录,目前中国烟粉虱寄生蜂约有27种,占世界记录总数的54%,主要隶属膜翅目(Hymenoptera)蚜小蜂科(Aphelin-idae),其中,恩蚜小蜂属(Encarsia)的21种,桨角蚜小蜂属(Eretmocerus)的6种。主要分布于长江流域以南的福建、广东、广西、台湾和香港等地,台湾种类分布最多。同时,对中国烟粉虱寄生蜂的地理区系分布进行了分析和讨论。 相似文献
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三亚市椰心叶甲寄生蜂的防效调查 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
先后2次对海南三亚市椰心叶甲放蜂点进行寄生蜂防治效果调查,从放蜂点分布、椰树危害程度、虫口密度和寄生蜂寄生率等4个方面评价椰心叶甲啮小蜂和椰甲截脉姬小蜂对椰心叶甲的防控效果。结果表明：三亚的椰树危害程度在逐渐减轻,轻度危害的椰树已占调查点的60％,虫口密度已明显下降。从两种寄生蜂的分布情况来看,椰心叶甲啮小蜂在三亚的分布范围在扩大,已经分布在每个调查点,椰甲截脉姬小蜂的分布范围则略有缩小。两种寄生蜂的寄生率比较来看,椰心叶甲啮小蜂较2007年高,而椰甲截脉姬小蜂在三亚的寄生率较2007年差。说明了两种寄生蜂均可以在三亚寄生生存,椰心叶甲啮小蜂在三亚的生存能力更强,对椰心叶甲的防控效果比椰甲截脉姬小蜂好。本研究对如何利用寄生蜂来控制椰心叶甲,具有重要的参考意义。 相似文献