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1.
To complement previously developed recombinant chromosomes 1R.1D, two series of translocations involving the Glu-D1 gene from chromosome ID to chromosome 1A were produced in hexaploid triticale. These series involve seven independent transfers of allele d encoding for high molecular weight glutenin subunits 5+10 and ten independent transfers involving allele a encoding for HMW glutenin subunits 2 + 12. The frequency of homoeologous recombination between chromosomes 1A and 1D was within the range observed for pairs of homologues in wheat, supporting earlier observations that homoeologous recombination in triticale is frequent. Recombined chromosomes 1A.1D can be used to introduce the Glu-D1 gene to durum wheats, and to manipulate the dosage of Glu-D1 in hexaploid triticale and bread wheat. 相似文献
2.
Rapid screening of selected European winter wheat varieties and segregating populations for the Glu-D1d allele using PCR 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Forty-two winter wheat varieties and 193 F2 and BC1F2 seeds were screened for Glu-D1d allele encoding the HMW glutenin subunits 5 + 10 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The segregating populations originated from crosses involving wheat parents with good and poor bread-making quality. A clear PCR product of 450 bp, representing 1Dx5 of the Glu-D1d allele was identified in 24 varieties and 111 hybrid seeds. Four different Glu-D1 alleles: a (2 + 12), b (3 + 12), c (4 + 12) and d (5 + 10) were detected using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Only genotypes possessing Glu-D1d gave a positive PCR signal, hexaploid triticale and 4 × wheat lacking Glu-D1 locus gave a negative signal. The efficiency of PCR selection for bread-making quality in early generations using half seed is discussed. 相似文献
3.
Differential chromosome staining by using the Giemsa C- banding technique and test crosses have revealed rye chroma tin in the hexaploid wheat variety ‘Amigo’ which resulted from wheat crosses with the octoploid triticale ‘Gaucho’. The results demonstrated a pair of translocated wheat chromosomes involving the short arm of rye chromosome 1R and the long arm of the homoeologous wheat chromosome 1A (1Aq/1Rp translocation). The localization of the translocation breakpoint is supposed 10 be within the centromeric region. 相似文献
4.
Introduction of high molecular weight glutenin subunits 5 + 10 for the improvement of the bread-making quality of hexaploid triticale 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
In an earlier study, chromosome 1D of the hexaploid breadwheat cultivar ‘Chinese Spring’ was introduced into hexaploid triticale to improve its bread‐making quality. That specific chromosome, 1D, carried the a allele at the Glu‐D1 locus coding for high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunits 2 + 12, and since subunits 2 + 12 are associated with poor bread‐making quality in wheat, in the present study hexaploid 1D substitution triticale was crossed with octoploid triticale with the d allele at the Glu‐D1 locus encoding HMW glutenin subunits 5 + 10. Following backcrosses to different triticale varieties, 1D substitution lines were established that had Glu‐D1 allele a or d in an otherwise genetically similar background, and the influence of these two different alleles on bread‐making quality of hexaploid triticale was compared. The agronomic performance of 76 selected lines was evaluated in a field trial. The Zeleny sedimentation value was determined as a parameter for bread‐making quality, and related to the presence of chromosome 1D, the different glutenin alleles and the nature of the substitution. The presence of chromosome 1D had a significant and positive effect on the Zeleny sedimentation value, but the difference between the two glutenin alleles 2 + 12 and 5 + 10 was not as obvious as in wheat. Owing to its high cytological stability and minimal effect on agronomic performance, substitution 1D(1A) appears to be the most desirable one to use in triticale breeding. 相似文献
5.
Bronco 90 is an advanced line of hexaploid triticale and was reported to be a 2D(2R) chromosome substitution type. In F1 hybrids of this triticale with bread wheat, however, a meiotic configuration of 16 bivalents and 10 univalents was frequently
observed indicating the presence of an additional D(R) chromosome substitution or D/R translocation. To determine the chromosome
constitution of Bronco 90, C-banding and fluorescent in situ hybridization techniques were applied to somatic and meiotic
metaphase chromosomes. These analyses revealed that in Bronco 90, the terminal 7% of the long arm of rye chromosome 5R is
derived from the long arm of chromosome 4D. This translocated chromosome (5RS.5RL-4DL) and telosome 4DL formed metaphase I
bonds at a frequency of 71%, demonstrating the significance of small terminal chromosome segments for pairing. This novel
rye-wheat translocation is probably generated by homoeologous crossing-over because the distal region of 5RL is known to be
homoeologous to that of 4DL. Possible association of this translocation with the absence of hairy peduncle character in Bronco
90 is discussed.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
6.
A fragment of chromosome 1DL of breadwheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with the locus Glu-D1 encoding high molecular weight glutenin subunits 5+10 was translocated in hexaploid triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) to chromosome 1RL of rye (Secale cereale L.) where it replaced a corresponding fragment containing locus Sec-3 encoding rye secalins. The translocated chromosome 1R was transferred to diploid rye through backcrosses. During the transfer,
at least two crossover events must have taken place that reduced the lengths of the 1DL inserts to about 5–8% of 1RL. These
short inserts were selected on the basis of normal male transmission from heterozygotes and by low pairing with chromosome
1D in the F1 hybrids with wheat, and tested by the in situ hybridization with total genomic DNA. While the wheat introgression in rye did not affect plant morphology or fertility,
preliminary observations of the first population of homozygotes suggested that grain yield was lower, probably as a result
of about 15% reduction of the 1000 kernel weight. The presence of a single wheat glutenin locus was insufficient to create
rye with wheat-like breadmaking properties. However, relative to controls, the SDS-sedimentation value increased by about
75% and loaf volume was greater in test bakes using the procedure adapted for wheat-rye blends. Loaf volume for bread baked
using the procedure for rye flour was not affected. Ryes with various glutenin subunits could be used in wheat-rye blends.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
7.
Two series of progenies were developed from hybrids between octoploid (AABBDDRR) and tetraploid triticale ((AB)(AB)RR). One arose from the successive selfing of the F1s, while the second was established after one backcross of the F1 hybrids with the respective 8 × triticale parent. Altogether, 250 F3 and BC1F2 lines were developed, of which 112 were karyotyped in the F4/F5 or in BC1F3/BC1F4 generations using C-banding and SDS-PAGE. The 112 lines represented 61 different karyotypes, of which 39 appeared to be stabilized, having pairs of homologous wheat chromosomes only, while 22 karyotypes exhibited 1—3 heterologous pairs. The frequency of karyotypically stabilized lines originating from the series with one backcrossing was much higher (79.5 %) than those derived from the successive selfing of the F1 hybrids (51.7%). Six lines had the pure hexaploid triticale chromosome constitution. The frequency of disomic substitutions of D genome chromosomes for their homoeologous A and/or B genome chromosomes ranged from one to six per line with an average of 1.7. Except for 3B and 6B all possible D(A/B) substitutions were obtained. Chromosomes ID and 3D substituted for their homoeologues with the highest frequency, while the substitution of chromosome 4D for 4A or for 4B was the least frequent. D(R) substitutions were found in eight lines only. A complete set of 6x triticale lines was established in which chromosome ID was present in all possible combinations, i.e. single 1D(1A/1B/1R) disomic substitutions as well as disomic ID addition. 相似文献
8.
Intrachromosomal mapping of genes for dwarfing (Rht12) and vernalization response (Vrn1) in wheat by using RFLP and microsatellite markers 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
For intrachromosomal mapping of the dominant GA-sensitive dwarfing gene Rht12 and the vernalization response gene Vrn1 on chromosome 5 A, an F2 population was established using a wide (synthetic) wheat cross. In addition to restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) probes four microsatellite markers were incorporated. Rht12 was mapped distally to four RFLP loci (Xmwg616, Xpsr164, Xwg114, Xpsr1201) and three microsatellite markers (Xgwm179, Xgwm410, Xgwm291), known to be located on the segment of chromosome SAL which was ancestrally translocated and is homoeologous to Triticeae 4 L. The map position of Rht12 suggests that it is homoeologous to the dominant GA-sensitive dwarfing gene Ddw1, present on chromosome 5RL. The vernalization response gene Vrn1 showed linkage to Xwg644, as might be expected from comparative maps. 相似文献
9.
Summary A genotype of the diploid species Avena longiglumis (Cw 57) has been shown to modify the genetic control of diploid-like chromosome pairing in the cultivated oat, A. sativa (2n=6x=42) leading to increased homoeologous chromosome pairing in 4x hybrids between the two species (Rajhathy & Thomas, 1974). The Cw 57 genotype has a similar effect in increasing homoeologous chromosome pairing in amphiploids combining diploid and hexaploid genomes including associations between alien chromosomes and their corresponding pairs in hexaploid species. The effect of the Cw 57 genotype is probably in altering the specificity of chromosome pairing in the early stages of meiosis. The use of the Cw 57 genotype to induce homoeologous chromosome pairing as a technique for the transfer of desirable alien variation into the cultivated oat is discussed. 相似文献
10.
Characterization of wheat-triticale doubled haploid lines by cytological and biochemical markers 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Five wheat-triticale doubled haploid (DH) lines— M08, V209, DH220-14-2, DH696-3-4 and M16 —derived from anther culture of F1s resulting from crosses involving hexaploid or octoploid triticale × hexaploid wheat, were characterized by cytological and biochemical markers. Cytological evidence from genomic in situ hybridization and C-banding indicated that DH lines M08 and V209 (2n= 42) each contained a pair of 1BL/1RS translocation chromosomes. DH220-14-2 (2n= 42) was also a translocated line with two pairs of chromosomes containing small fragments of rye. One of the translocation fragments carried the Sec-1R gene originating from the satellite region of 1RS; the origin of the other one remains unknown. DH696-3-4 (2n= 42) contained a 3D(3R) substitution. In M16 (2n= 44), three pairs of rye chromosomes, 3R, 4R and 6R, were present, 4R as an addition and 3D(3R) and 6D(6R) as substitutions. Biochemical, isozyme and storage protein markers confirmed the cytological conclusions. The advantages of transferring alien chromosomes or chromosome fragments into wheat and creating alien aneuploid lines by anther culture of hybrid F1s are discussed. 相似文献
11.
The formation of unreduced gametes in some hybrids between disomic D‐genome substitutions (DS) of durum wheat cv.‘Langdon’ and rye provides a convenient approach for the rapid introduction of D‐genome chromosomes into hexaploid triticale. Meiotic pairing at metaphase I and seed fertility in spontaneous and colchicine‐induced amphidiploids derived from F1 hybrids between a set of ‘Langdon’ DS and ‘Gazelle’ rye were analysed. The purpose was to determine the effects of the substitution of D‐genome chromosomes for their A‐ and B‐genome homoeologues on hexaploid triticale and to select stable disomic D‐genome substitutions of hexaploid triticale. The results showed that the disomic substitutions with D‐genome slightly increased the frequency of univalents (1.0‐3.13) compared with the ‘Langdon’ control primary hexaploid triticale (0.76). Substitutions 2D(2A) and 3D(3B) were partly desynaptic. The substitutions 1D(1A), 1D(1B) and 7D(7B) exhibited high seed fertility but the others had decreased fertility. Except for 2D(2A), 5D(5A), 3D(3B) and 5D(5B), 10 of the 14 possible hexaploid triticale D‐genome disomic substitutions have been obtained. The results suggest that the poor compensation ability of some D‐genome chromosomes for their homoeologous A‐ and B‐genome chromosomes is a major factor affecting meiotic stability and fertility in the hexaploid triticale D‐genome substitutions. 相似文献
12.
A. J. Lukaszewski 《Plant Breeding》1988,100(4):268-272
Lines of hexaploid triticale included in the 11th and 12th Eucarpia Triticale Yield Nurseries and the 18th and 19th International Triticale Yield Nurseries were karyotyped using C-banding. A new chromosome substitution, 6D(6A), was identified in both spring and winter triticales. It is likely that the substitution first appeared in the progenies of octoploid × hexaploid triticale hybrids at CIMMYT and within a few years spread to about one-fourth of spring materials. The 2D(2R) substitution appeared in winter triticales, probably by introgression from spring lines from CIMMYT. 相似文献
13.
Wheat chromosome engineering at the 4x level: the potential of different alien gene transfers into durum wheat 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summary With the aim of making the point on feasibility and relative success of alien transfers into durum wheat via chromosome engineering, three transfer works, differing in origin and content of the alien introduction and in the transfer strategy adopted, are described. For the transfer of a powdery mildew resistance gene, Pm13, originating from Aegilops longissima and previously transferred to common wheat chromosome 3B, as well as for that of the leaf rust resistance gene Lr19 and its associated Yp (yellow pigment) gene, deriving from Ag. elongatum and introduced into 7A, the common wheat recombinants were employed as donors, from which the alien segments were homologously transferred into durum genotypes. On the other hand, for the transfer of common wheat chromosome ID seed storage protein genes, ph1 mediated homoeologous recombination was repeatedly induced. This resulted in loss of individuals, including potentially desirable recombinants, probably due to imbalances created by the ph1 condition. However, recovered Gli-D1/Glu-D3 tetraploid recombinants exhibited normal transmission and fertility. Preliminary evidence indicates a normal behaviour also for Glu-D1 5+10 putative recombinants. Similarly, there was no negative impact from the transfer of the Pm13 gene, which has been successfully pyramided into Pm4a durum varieties. On the contrary, transfer of the Ag. elongatum segment showed normal female but almost no male transmission in one durum genotype. This in spite of the fact that the alien segment, proved to be, through in situ hybridization, considerably longer than previously believed, should contain an Sd-1 gene, causing preferential transmission in common wheat. While its behaviour is being checked in other durum genotypes, shortening of the alien segment, through ph1 induced recombination, is also being carried out. Possible causes of the severe negative selection that this alien transfer seemingly encounters at the tetraploid level are discussed. 相似文献
14.
G. F. Marais 《Plant Breeding》1990,104(2):152-159
A Thinopyrum distichum chromosome segment translocated on chromosome arm 7DL. of the line ‘Indis’, was shown to be preferentially transmitted in crosses with other bread wheats. The translocated segment carries a gene for leaf rust resistance and produces a null condition for the endopeptidase product, EP-Dla. These characters were used to follow the transmission of the translocated chromosome in segregating and testcross progenies derived by crossing ‘Indis’ to four bread wheat cultivars. The severity of the gametocidal response in the heterozygotes ranged from a virtually exclusive transfer of the translocation to an almost normal transmission of the homologues. In some genetic backgrounds an intermediate level of transmission occurred. In the F1 with a gametocidal response, the transmission of the normal chromosome 7D was reduced in both sexes, but the reduction may be more severe in the male germline. 相似文献
15.
Summary Rye chromosome constitution and stability in a series of plants of G2 and G3 generations obtained after the cross between hexaploid triticale and durum wheat (F1: 2n=5x=35; genomes AA BB R) are studied using the zymogram phenotype expression for the following isozyme marker genes: Mdh-2c1 (1R), Cpx-c2 (2R), Got-3-c1 (3R), Pgm-c1 (4R), Est-c6 (6R), Got-2-c1 (6R), Acph-c1 (7R) and Got-1-c1 (7R). The results were corroborated using C-banding in a sample of the plant population studied and make clear the utility of biochemical methods in quick cytogenetic analysis. From the results, a different rate of transmission for each rye chromosome is inferred. 相似文献
16.
Awais Rasheed Tariq Mahmood Alvina Gul Kazi Abdul Ghafoor Abdul Mujeeb-Kazi 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2012,15(1):1-7
The objective of this study was to identify allelic variations at Glu-1 loci of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) advanced lines derived from hybridization of bread wheat and synthetic hexaploid wheats (2n = 6x = 42; AABBDD). Locally
adapted wheat genotypes were crossed with synthetic hexaploid wheats. From the 134 different cross combinations made, 202
F8 advanced lines were selected and their HMW-GS composition was studied using SDS-PAGE. In total, 24 allelic variants and 68
HMW-GS combinations were observed at Glu-A1, Glu-B1, and Glu-D1 loci. In bread wheat, the Glu-D1 locus is usually characterized by subunits 1Dx2+1Dy12 and 1Dx5+1Dy10 with the latter having a stronger effect on bread-making
quality. The subunit 1Dx5+1Dy10 was predominantly observed in these advanced lines. The inferior subunit 1Dx2+1Dy12, predominant
in adapted wheat germplasm showed a comparative low frequency in the derived advanced breeding lines. Its successful replacement
is due to the other better allelic variants at the Glu-D1 locus inherited in these synthetic hexaploid wheats from Aegilops tauschii (2n = 2x = 14; DD). 相似文献
17.
Summary A leaf rust resistant wheat-rye translocation stock, ST-1, introduced from Japan, comprised distinct morphological types. One type possessed a T1BL·1RS chromosome with genes Lr26, Yr9 and Sr31. A second type carried a new gene, Lr45, located in a large segment of rye chromosome translocated to wheat chromosome 2A. Its structure was identified as T2AS-2RS·2RL. Despite the homoeology of the 2A and 2R chromosomes and the high level of compensation provided by the translocation, Lr45 was not normally inherited and is probably associated with agronomic deficiencies that will prevent its exploitation in agriculture.Contribution No. 94-509-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Kansas State University, Manhattan, USA. 相似文献
18.
G. F. Marais 《Euphytica》1992,60(2):89-95
Summary A translocated chromosome segment, derived from Thinopyrum distichum, carries the leaf rust resistance allele Lr19d and a segregation distorter allele, Sd-1d. In translocation heterozygotes, male and female gametophytes lacking the translocation are aborted, the severity of the effect depending on the genotype of the hybrid. The selective abortion of the gametophytes with a normal chromosome 7D appears to be based on the absence of the translocated chromosome rather than the presence of the normal chromosome. The magnitude of the gametocidal response, elicited by Sd-1d, is under multigenic control. A number of chromosomes, the individual effects of which are generally small, may act to suppress or promote the response. Chromosome arms 2AL, 2BL, 5BL and 5DL of Chinese Spring were found to reduce sensitivity to the presence of the gametocidal chromosome. Chromosome 3B of Inia 66-1 also reduce the gametocidal response while chromosome arm 6DS of Chinese Spring may promote the effect 相似文献
19.
Chromosomal location in triticale of leaf rust resistance genes introduced from Triticum monococcum 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study was undertaken to understand the inheritance of leaf rust resistance in line TM16 of Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum var. macedonicum Papag. which is the source of resistance transferred into hexaploid triticale lines (Tcl/Tm). Thirty-two secondary tetraploid genotypes were analysed cytologicaly to identify substitutions of Am -genome chromosomes by their homoeologous A-genome chromosomes from a leaf rust susceptible hexaploid triticale accession. Plants with one (or more) substituted chromosomes were inoculated with leaf rust at two growth stages. The disease phenotypes of these lines indicated that a major resistance gene was located on the short arm of T. monococcum chromosome 2Am . An additional gene on chromosome 6Am had complementary effects in enhancing the effects of the gene on chromosome 2Am . 相似文献
20.
N. Tikhenko N. Tsvetkova A. Voylokov O. Dobrovolskaya K. Zaynali Nezhad M. S. Röder A. Börner 《Euphytica》2010,176(2):191-198
Crosses between hexaploid wheat and rye can only succeed when pre- and post-zygotic barriers have been overcome. A rye gene
determining embryo lethality (Eml-R1), which is involved in post-zygotic isolation, has been mapped to chromosome 6R. In the present paper the mode of inheritance
of Eml-R1 was studied by employing a wheat/rye chromosome 6R addition line. We show that Eml-R1 exists in at least two alternative forms, with the mutant allele Eml-R1b being dominant with respect to wild-type Eml-R1a. Furthermore, we have exploited nulli-tetrasomic lines of wheat to detect a complementary wheat gene present on chromosome
6A. This gene has been designated Eml-A1. 相似文献