共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
在人工气候箱内,控制接种温度(T)及植株叶面湿润时数(WD),研究了T及WD对大豆灰斑病菌(C.sojina)侵染的综合作用。温度、叶面湿润时数及其互作是病菌侵染的主要因素,病菌侵染温度范围为15~32℃,最适25~28℃,在适宜温度范围内,接种后保湿2小时病菌即可侵入。报导了大豆灰斑病菌侵染概率(IP)与T及WD的关系,组建了侵染概率预测模型。 相似文献
2.
The pathogenicity of the coccidium Isospora suis was studied in 42 conventional and 26 gnotobiotic piglets at 1-13 days post infection (DPI). The prepatent period of the coccidium I. suis was 4.5-5 days. Only in one experiment in conventional piglets the prepatent period of 3.5 days was recorded. At least 9 days pathogenesis of I. suis was recorded during which double alteration of the small intestine occurred. The first alteration was found at 3-4 DPI. The second phase of alterative changes was observed at 8-9 DPI. In comparison with gnotobiotic piglets in conventional piglets clinical signs and pathological changes used to appear one day sooner but reparation and regeneration of alterative changes was quicker. In the first phase of the infection (3-7 or 8 DPI) the heaviest pathological changes were in the posterior jejunum. In the second phase of the infection (8 or 9-12 DPI) the heaviest changes were in the middle jejunum. In short period repeated lesions of mucosal barrier of the small intestine multiply the pathogenicity of I. suis and rank I. suis in front place among other enteropathogens of nursing piglets. 相似文献
3.
尖角突脐孢菌在温室环境下侵染稗草的致病体系研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
稗属（Echinochloa）杂草是全世界水稻等作物生产中的一类恶性杂草。人工除稗安全但费时费力，化学除稗高效但伴随农产品安全和环境相融友好方面的潜在风险。因此，寻求安全高效的除稗活性成分和施药技术成为国际上除稗剂发展的重要方向之一。在研究和开发生物除稗剂的技术体系中，满足高通量筛选安全、高效的除稗生防因子的温室检测体系是极为重要的支持平台，同样，生物除稗剂的田间科学施药技术亦应依据生防因子在稗草上致病和致害所需的最佳条件来制定。基于此，亟需探明生防因子侵染稗草致病的相关条件并建立快速有效的生防因子除稗效果温室检测体系和田间施药技术。本文系统研究了影响尖角突脐孢菌侵染稗草的相关因子，建立了稳定的温室环境下尖角突脐孢菌侵染稗草的致病体系。 相似文献
4.
Chu-Hui Chiang Chun-Yee Lee Ching-Hsien Wang Fuh-Jyh Jan Shih-Shun Lin Tsung-Chi Chen Joseph A. J. Raja Shyi-Dong Yeh 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,118(4):333-348
Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) HA 5-1, a nitrous acid-induced mild mutant of severe strain HA, widely applied for control of PRSV by cross-protection,
was used to study the genetic basis of attenuation. Using infectious clones, a series of recombinants was generated between
HA 5-1 and HA and their infectivity was analyzed on the systemic host papaya and the local lesion host Chenopodium quinoa. The recombinants that contained mutations in P1 and HC-Pro genes caused attenuated infection on papaya without conspicuous
symptoms, similar to HA 5-1. The recombination and sequence analyses strongly implicated two amino acid changes in the C-terminal
region of P1 and two in HC-Pro of HA 5-1 involved in the attenuated infection on papaya. The recombinants that infected C. quinoa plants without local lesions contained the same mutations in the C-terminal region of HC-Pro for attenuated infection on
papaya. We conclude that both P1 and HC-Pro bear important pathogenicity determinants for the infection on the systemic host
papaya and that the mutations in HC-Pro affecting pathogenicity on papaya are also responsible for the inability to induce
hypersensitive reaction on C. quinoa. 相似文献
5.
大豆除草剂对2种丛枝菌根的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在接种Glomus intraradices和Glomus mosseae的大豆植株盆栽钵中,按大田常规用量,施用乙草胺、丁草胺、灵达、骠马和精喹(禾灵)5种除草剂,显著减少了大豆植株的生物量和土壤中AM真菌菌丝的总量,降低了丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycor-rhiza,AM)真菌侵染率、菌丝碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)和琥珀酸脱氢酶(succinate dehydrogenase,SDH)活性。处理6周后,显著降低大豆植株生物量的除草剂为乙草胺和丁草胺,植株生物量前者为12.6、14.5 g,后者为12.7和15.5 g,影响较小的为精喹(禾灵)(植株生物量各为20.8、23.5 g),而对照的生物量为29.5、30.8 g;显著减少AM真菌侵染率的除草剂为丁草胺(AM真菌侵染率为17.4%、24.1%),影响较小的为乙草胺和灵达(前者为29.3%、30.7%,后者为26.3%和32.2%),而对照侵染率为78.5%、62.4%;显著降低AM真菌菌丝ALP和SDH酶活性的除草剂为丁草胺(ALP为10.2%、13.6%,SDH为13.5%、18.8%),影响较小的为乙草胺和灵达(前者ALP为15.7%、17.4%,后者为13.9%、17.8%,SDH前者为22.4%、23.5%,后者为19.8%、25.0%),而对照的ALP为47.0%、36.3%,SDH为62.7%、48.4%;此外,除草剂也使土壤中AM真菌菌丝的总量显著减少。 相似文献
6.
河南省主推小麦品种白粉病发生程度及流行动态研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
经１９９５～１９９７年的试验表明,河南省近几年推广的小麦品种６７％以上为感白粉病品种。极感品种（豫麦１３号）白粉病发生早,发病全盛期长,约３０ｄ,表观侵染速率（ｒ）达０.１１～０.１６,最终病指和病指曲线下面积（ＡＵＤＰＣ）都最高;高感品种豫麦２５等的最终病指及ＡＵＤＰＣ值分别比极感品种低１９％～６６％、４０％～７３％,发病早,发病全盛期２５～３０ｄ,ｒ值０.１～０.１５;中抗品种豫麦２１号、２４号、中育４号占３３％,没有免疫品种。中抗品种的最终病指及ＡＵＤＰＣ值比极感品种分别低８３％～９１％、８９％～９４％,且发病较晚,发病全盛期只有１０ｄ,ｒ值０.０６～０.１１。 相似文献
7.
研究温度对小麦茎基腐病发生的影响,可为病害的发生规律和生态防控措施的研究提供依据。本研究测定了温度对假禾谷镰刀菌菌丝生长、孢子萌发、对寄主小麦侵染以及在植株体内扩展的影响,结果表明,假禾谷镰刀菌菌丝生长的温度范围为4℃~30℃,其中28℃最适于菌丝的生长,孢子萌发的温度范围为4℃~35℃,其中12℃~30℃较适宜分生孢子萌发,17℃~28℃为假禾谷镰刀菌侵染小麦的适宜温度范围,假禾谷镰刀菌在小麦植株体内扩展的适宜温度范围在22℃~30℃;通过不同温度培养试验以及田间小麦不同生育期接种试验测定温度对小麦茎基腐病发生的影响,结果表明,播种期、起身期接种的小麦茎基腐病发生高于越冬苗期接种处理,而此期的温度较越冬苗期利于假禾谷镰刀菌的侵染和小麦茎基腐病的发生。 相似文献
8.
大豆花叶病种子带毒及介体传播在流行中的作用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
大豆植株的生育时期,对大豆花叶病的发展程度和危害性,有明显的影响。单叶期最感病,抗性随着生育年龄的增长而提高,单叶期潜育期最短、发病率最高,危害性最大。开花、结荚期后感病,对植株生长影响不大,黑龙江省大豆田出现的蚜虫中,大豆蚜、桃蚜、玉米蚜、棉蚜均能传播SMV,蚜虫最早出现于6月上中旬,高蜂为7月中下旬,大豆花叶病田间传播主要发生在7月中旬以后,8月为传播盛期,观察圃病害传播初期,病株有明显的梯降分布。与对照区呈鲜明对比,说明除早期形成的病苗外,没有其他的自源侵染,病害传播距离不远,多数在5-15米内,少有超过25米的,垅间和逆风向传播距离更短,种子带毒形成的病苗,在流行中起主导作用。蚜虫传播发生晚,主要引起种子斑驳。 相似文献
9.
The plant hormone ethylene regulates fruit ripening, other developmental processes, and a subset of defense responses. Here, we show that 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (ACS)-silenced apple (Malus domestica) fruit that express a sense construct of ACS were more susceptible to Botrytis cinerea than untransformed apple, demonstrating that ethylene strengthens fruit resistance to B. cinerea infection. Because ethylene response factors (ERFs) are known to contribute to resistance against B. cinerea via the ethylene-signaling pathway, we cloned four ERF cDNAs from fruit of M. domestica: MdERF3, -4, -5, and -6. Expression of all four MdERF mRNAs was ethylene dependent and induced by wounding or by B. cinerea infection. B. cinerea infection suppressed rapid induction of wound-related MdERF expression. MdERF3 was the only mRNA induced by wounding and B. cinerea infection in ACS-suppressed apple fruit, although its induction was reduced compared with wild-type apple. Promoter regions of all four MdERF genes were cloned and putative cis-elements were identified in each promoter. Transient expression of MdERF3 in tobacco increased expression of the GCC-box containing gene chitinase 48. 相似文献
10.
The fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) is a natural component of soil flora world-wide and is a causal agent of the green muscardine diseases of insects. The use of this pathogen as a potential biocontrol agent against adult females of the blowfly, Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) was considered. The blowfly L sericata is an economically important agent of cutaneous myiasis of sheep, particularly in northern Europe. Exposure of flies to suspensions of fungal spores by immersion, topical application or tarsal contact with treated surfaces all resulted in high levels of fatal infection. Spores suspended in silicone oil resulted in higher levels of infection (50-70%) than those formulated in a 0.3 glitre(-1) solution of the detergent Tween 80 (10-20%). Spore concentration had a significant effect on levels of infection of flies, with the highest levels of mortality (64%) resulting from a suspension of 1 x 10(7) conidia ml(-1). The duration of tarsal contact had a significant effect on levels of infection. Mean infection levels of 30% were observed following exposure of free-flying adults to a single spore-treated, 5 x 15 cm2 cloth surface suspended from the roof of a cage (30 cm cube). The implications of the results for the potential use of M anisopliae in the biocontrol of blowflies are discussed. 相似文献
11.
核盘菌侵染循环类型的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对核盘菌科7个种21个代表菌株的研究结果表明,核盘菌分4种侵染循环类型:1.土传病害类型:包括人参菌核病、细辛菌核病和向日葵小菌核病菌,其特点是子囊孢子在侵染循环中不起作用,以菌丝体为初侵染源,病健株接触构成再侵染。2.子囊孢子气传病害类型:包括油菜、黄瓜、大豆、莴苣、萝卜、红花和紫云英菌核病,其特点是气传的子囊孢子致病力强,从寄主的花、衰老叶或伤口侵入,以病健组织接触构成再侵染。3.分生孢子气传病害类型:包括黄瓜、油菜、葡萄和大葱灰霉病,其特点是在自然条件下未见有性世代,以气传的分生孢子从寄生的花和衰老叶侵染,以分生孢子和健病株接触构成再侵染。4气传、种传、土传病害兼有型:包括向日葵菌核病,其特点是子囊孢子从花或茎侵染造成盘腐和茎腐,菌核、带菌种子萌生菌丝体侵染造成苗腐和立枯。病健组织接触构成再侵染。 相似文献
12.
Effect of alfalfa mosaic virus isolates on forage yield of lucerne (Medicago sativa) in Britain 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
The effect of alfalfa mosaic virus (A1MV) on lucerne forage yield was investigated in experimental plots in which all plants were indexed for freedom from seed-borne A1MV. Plants which were artificially inoculated with A1MV were tested for successful infection prior to transfer to the plots. Inoculated plots yielded 14-8-22-8% (fresh weight) and 15.0 18.1% (dry weight) less than uninoculated plots. Isolate A1MV-I reduced the yield of five lucerne cultivars and yield was decreased by several A1MV isolates in cv. Vertus. Yield decreases tended to be greatest at the first harvest and progressively smaller at the second and third. Despite aphicide treatments and a cereal barrier crop, ELISA indexing showed natural infection developed in control plots. Most known infected plants failed to produce symptoms and yield decreases were associated with predominantly symptomless infection. 相似文献
13.
Leontine T. Colon Dirk J. Budding L. C. Paul Keizer Martin M. J. Pieters 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1995,101(4):441-456
Four components of partial resistance toPhytophthora infestans were measured after inoculation in the greenhouse and in the field ofSolanum arnezii x hondelmannii, S. berthaultii, S. circaeifolium, S. leptophyes, S. microdontum, S. sparsipilum, S. sucrense andS. vernei, and four hybrid progenies ofS. microdontum withS. tuberosum. The four components were infection efficiency, lesion growth rate, generation time and sporulation capacity. The results were compared with resistance ratings derived from field experiments, and with observations made on the potato cultivars Bintje, Bildstar, Libertas and Pimpernel. Genetic variation for all components was found, while the relative importance of the components of partial resistance appeared to vary between the species. InS. microdontum, generation time, infection efficiency and lesion growth rate, and inS. tuberosum infection efficiency, lesion growth rate and sporulation capacity appeared positively associated, but in other species no such association was found. A strong hypersensitive reaction, the expression of which appeared to depend on environmental conditions, was found inS. microdontum. ForS. berthaultii, infection efficiency appeared to be the main resistance component.Abbreviations ADPC
area under the disease progress curve
- IE
infection efficiency
- LGR
lesion growth rate
- GT
generation time
- SC
sporulation capacity 相似文献
14.
P.E. Hatcher P.G. Ayres 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1998,104(6):553-559
The effect of infection by the rust fungus Uromyces rumicis and fertilization by different concentrations of nitrate or ammonium solutions on the concentrations of alcohol-soluble carbohydrates, fructans and starch in Rumex obtusifolius leaves was investigated. In leaves from healthy plants there was an increase in concentration of alcohol-soluble carbohydrates and fructans as the concentration of nitrate given was decreased, with the exception of nitrogen-stressed plants (those fed less than 10 mM l-1 nitrate) which had a lower concentration of alcohol-soluble carbohydrates than plants fed 10 mM l-1 nitrate. There was an increase in fructan and starch concentration in leaves as the concentration of ammonium solution given was decreased. The concentration of alcohol-soluble carbohydrates was reduced in infected leaves and increased in healthy leaves on infected plants, while the fructan concentration increased in infected leaves, compared to healthy leaves. The effects of infection were consistent over the range of nitrogen concentrations used, and thus were additive to the effects of fertilization. These results confirm the known effects of fertilization or fungal infection, singly, and indicate that, when combined, nitrogen deficiency and fungal infection may produce an additive stress on the plant. 相似文献
15.
研究温度对小麦茎基腐病发生的影响,可为病害的发生规律和生态防控措施的研究提供依据。本研究测定了温度对假禾谷镰刀菌菌丝生长、孢子萌发、对寄主小麦侵染以及在植株体内扩展的影响,结果表明,假禾谷镰刀菌菌丝生长的温度范围为4℃~30℃,其中28℃最适于菌丝的生长,孢子萌发的温度范围为4℃~35℃,其中12℃~30℃较适宜分生孢子萌发,17℃~28℃为假禾谷镰刀菌侵染小麦的适宜温度范围,假禾谷镰刀菌在小麦植株体内扩展的适宜温度范围在22℃~30℃;通过不同温度培养试验以及田间小麦不同生育期接种试验测定温度对小麦茎基腐病发生的影响,结果表明,播种期、起身期接种的小麦茎基腐病发生高于越冬苗期接种处理,而此期的温度较越冬苗期利于假禾谷镰刀菌的侵染和小麦茎基腐病的发生。 相似文献
16.
番茄晚疫病孢囊侵染几率及病害显症模式的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对番茄晚疫病病菌孢囊侵染几率及病害显症进行定量研究,结果表明:孢子囊侵染温限为7-33℃;侵染最低露时为3小时;侵染的最适露温、露时组合为17℃×24hr。以露温、露时及其互作项为自变量,侵染几率为因变量通过逐步回归建立了回归方程。累积显症率随病原菌潜育累积有效积温呈Richards模式增长,显症的潜育累积有效积温范围为66.265-103.18日·度。 相似文献
17.
条锈菌侵染对小麦光合作用和呼吸作用速率的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
小麦幼苗叶片受到条锈菌侵染后,净光合速率降低,显症和产孢以后剧烈下降,变化幅度可达健株正常值的50%左右。病株光呼吸速率和暗呼吸速率在侵染初期略有降低,显症和产孢以后急剧上升,光呼吸速率升高幅度可达健株正常值的60-70%,暗呼吸速率可比健株升高1.6-1.7倍以上。随着小麦和条锈菌两者亲和性的增强,上述变化起始略晚,但变化幅度增大。文中讨论了上述病理学变化的意义。 相似文献
18.
本文研究了影响大豆花叶病毒种子传毒及种子斑驳的有关因素,以及种子传毒与种子斑驳的关系。结果表明,种子传毒率的高低受大豆品种,大豆花叶病毒(SMV)毒株,大豆感病早晚以及环境条件的影响。这些因素之间对种子传毒还存在交互作用。供试的12个大豆品种中,传毒率最高的为47%,最低的为25%;包括SMV Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ号3个株系群的8个毒株在东农64-3513上传毒率的变化范围为1-33%,在抗霉2号上的变化范围为9-48%;大豆在开花以前感染SMV,种子传毒率可达45%,开花以后感病,种子基本不能传毒。
种子斑驳率因大豆品种,SMV毒株不同而异,并受品种与毒株交互作用的影响。种子斑驳既不代表种子带毒,也不代表种子传毒;从感病植株上采收的大豆种子,其斑驳种子与非斑驳种子的传毒率基本相同(P>0.05),因此,不能从种子斑驳率预测种子传毒率。 相似文献
种子斑驳率因大豆品种,SMV毒株不同而异,并受品种与毒株交互作用的影响。种子斑驳既不代表种子带毒,也不代表种子传毒;从感病植株上采收的大豆种子,其斑驳种子与非斑驳种子的传毒率基本相同(P>0.05),因此,不能从种子斑驳率预测种子传毒率。 相似文献
19.
T Scholz 《Folia parasitologica》1991,38(3):225-234
The development of the tapeworm Khawia sinensis has been observed up to the stage of sexually mature parasites releasing eggs in an experimentally infected definitive host (Cyprinus carpio) at 15-16 degrees C. Juvenile, maturing, adult and gravid tapeworms were found 2-12, 19-24, 36-62, and 78-91 days post infection, respectively. No apparent size difference between tapeworms from carp kept at 20-22 degrees C, examined 1-16 days post infection, and those from 15-16 degrees C was observed. In naturally infected and fed carp, kept at 21-22 degrees C, some tapeworms survived till the end of experiment (44 days) while in unfed fish they survived only 15 days from the beginning of experiment. 相似文献
20.
ABSTRACT The effect of temperature on infection of lettuce by Bremia lactucae was investigated in controlled environment studies and in the field. In controlled conditions, lettuce seedlings inoculated with B. lactucae were incubated at 15, 20, 25, or 30 degrees C during a 4-h wet period immediately after inoculation or at the same temperatures during an 8-h dry period after the 4-h postinoculation wet period at 15 degrees C. High temperatures during wet and dry periods reduced subsequent disease incidence. Historical data from field studies in 1991 and 1992, in which days with or without infection had been identified, were analyzed by comparing average air temperatures during 0600 to 1000 and 1000 to 1400 Pacific standard time (PST) between the two groups of days. Days without infection had significantly higher temperatures (mean 21.4 degrees C) than days with infection (20.3 degrees C) during 1000 to 1400 PST (P < 0.01) but not during 0600 to 1000 PST. Therefore, temperature thresholds of 20 and 22 degrees C for the 3-h wet period after sunrise and the subsequent 4-h postpenetration period, respectively, were added to a previously developed disease warning system that predicts infection when morning leaf wetness lasts >/=4 h from 0600 PST. No infection was assumed to occur if average temperature during these periods exceeded the thresholds. Based on nonlinear regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the leaf wetness threshold of the previous warning system was also modified to >/=3-h leaf wetness (>/=0900 PST). Furthermore, by comparing solar radiation on days with infection and without infection, we determined that high solar radiation during 0500 to 0600 PST in conjunction with leaf wetness ending between 0900 and 1000 PST was associated with downy mildew infection. Therefore, instead of starting at 0600 PST, the calculation of the 3-h morning leaf wetness period was modified to start after sunrise, defined as the hour when measured solar radiation exceeded 8 W m(-2) (or 41 mumol m(-2) s(-1) for photon flux density). The modified warning system was compared with the previously developed system using historical weather and downy mildew data collected in coastal California. The modified system was more conservative when disease potential was high and recommended fewer fungicide applications when conditions were not conducive to downy mildew development. 相似文献