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芽孢杆菌Pb-4菌株鉴定及其抑菌活性的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
拮抗菌Pb-4是一株对多种植物病原菌有较强抑制作用的菌株。为了明确拮抗菌Pb-4的分类地位和抑菌机理,通过形态观察、生理生化特征和16S rRNA基因序列同源性比对及系统发育树分析,对Pb-4菌株进行鉴定。并采用平板对峙培养法测定Pb-4菌株的抑菌谱,显微观察其抑菌作用,采用硫酸铵沉淀和乙醚、苯提取得到抑菌活性物。通过加热处理,明确高温对Pb-4菌株抑菌活性的影响。结果表明,Pb-4菌株鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌;Pb-4菌株对番茄枯萎病菌、黄瓜枯萎病菌、西瓜枯萎病菌、青椒枯萎病菌、辣椒疫霉病菌、苹果腐烂病菌均有抑制作用,其抑菌活性具有广谱性。该菌菌液能明显抑制枯萎病菌孢子的萌发,并对病菌菌丝有致畸作用;对番茄枯萎病菌的抑制生长率达93%,经100,121℃高温处理后的抑菌活性分别是未处理菌液的98.9%和80.1%。从菌液中提取的蛋白、酶、抗生素类活性物质对枯萎病菌的生长繁殖均有很强的抑制效果。为Pb-4菌株在病原菌防治中的广泛应用提供强有力的理论依据。 相似文献
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玉米苗枯病是一种真菌性病害，病原菌为多种镰刀菌，包括串珠镰刀菌、禾谷镰刀菌等。种子可带菌，病菌存在于种皮、胚、胚乳等部位，可随病残体进行越冬并引起初侵染。该病原腐生能力较强，可脱离寄主在土壤中长期存活。一般情况下，种子带菌感染率（可达70％以上）高于土壤带菌感染率。种子萌动期即可侵入，以夏玉米受害为重，从出苗至三叶期开始表现症状。根据笔者调查，导致玉米苗枯病的原因很多，而农事操作不当则是近年来造成该病大发生的重要原因之一。 相似文献
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22种植物乙醇提取物对植物病原菌的抑菌作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以苹果腐烂病菌、苹果炭疽病菌、黄瓜枯萎病菌和棉花枯萎病菌为供试菌种,用生长速率法测定了22种植物乙醇提取物的抑菌活性。结果表明:在浓度为40mg/ml时,不同植物的乙醇提取物对这4种植物病原菌的抑制作用有明显差别,其中香樟树、山麦冬、元宝槭、地笋、浒苔、鸡爪槭、鹅掌楸、长蒴黄麻和黑松对苹果腐烂病菌抑制率均达到80%以上。综合来看,以香樟树叶和鹅掌楸叶乙醇提取物对供试植物病原菌的抑制活性较好。以活性较高的香樟树叶和鹅掌楸叶乙醇提取物对另外11种植物病原菌进行活性测定。结果表明,香樟树叶的乙醇提取物对苹果腐烂病菌、葡萄白腐病菌、茄子绵疫病菌和小麦纹枯病菌的抑制效果较好;鹅掌楸叶的乙醇提取物对苹果腐烂病菌、葡萄白腐病菌和小麦赤霉病菌的抑制效果较好。对香樟树叶和鹅掌楸叶乙醇提取物抑制作用较好的病原菌进行了毒力测定,计算出了毒力方程和EC50。 相似文献
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阿魏氯仿提取物对7种玉米病害的离体抑菌活性比较 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用生长速率法和孢子萌发法测定了阿魏氯仿提取物对引起玉米病害的7种病原菌(小斑病菌、弯孢霉叶斑病菌、链格孢叶斑病病菌、圆斑病菌、顶腐病菌、青枯病菌和瘤黑粉病菌)的菌丝生长和孢子萌发的影响。结果表明,对于同一种病原菌来说,阿魏氯仿提取物对其菌丝生长的抑制效果好于对其孢子萌发的抑制效果;对顶腐病菌菌丝生长的抑制效果最好,EC50只有46.66 mg/L;可引起大中型分生孢子畸形。 相似文献
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为明确福建省三明地区非洲菊根腐病病原菌尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)生物学特性，采用菌丝生长速率法测定温度、pH、光、碳氮源对根腐病菌菌丝生长的影响，并测定11种供试药剂的田间防治效果，筛选对非洲菊根腐病安全高效的杀菌剂。试验结果表明，病原菌尖孢镰刀菌菌丝生长最适温度为25℃；喜偏碱性环境，最适pH 8；光照对菌丝生长无显著影响，最适碳氮源分别为葡萄糖和蛋白胨。田间试验结果显示，3%甲霜灵·恶霉灵、1000亿cfu/g的复合芽孢杆菌和3亿cfu/g的哈茨木霉菌对非洲菊根腐病的防治效果较好，防效均超过75%，其中3%甲霜灵·恶霉灵防治效果最佳，施药后21 d防效为81.41%。明确非洲菊根腐病病原菌的生物学特性、筛选田间安全高效杀菌剂，可为非洲菊的安全生产栽培和根腐病的综合防控治理提供理论支撑。 相似文献
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旨在研究胶霉毒素菌渣对5种土传病菌的抑制性,寻找到一种胶霉菌素菌渣的综合利用方法。以辣椒炭疽病菌、水稻纹枯病菌、苹果腐烂病菌、油菜菌核病菌和棉花枯萎病菌为供试菌,采用菌丝生长速率法,对胶霉毒素菌渣的抑菌活性进行了研究,并比较了10%菌渣、10%豆粕、无豆粕和菌渣的培养基对木霉孢子和胶霉毒素含量的影响。以木霉干重孢子数为指标,确定了菌渣最佳添加量。胶霉毒素菌渣对5种土传病菌具有一定的抑菌效果,浓度为40 mg/mL时,对4种土传病菌菌丝的生长的抑制率为100%。胶霉毒素菌渣添加量为30%时,木霉的发酵效果最佳,其干重孢子数达到22亿/g。综上所述,胶霉毒素菌渣具有良好的抑制土传病菌生长的效果,且可作为氮源循环利用培养木霉。 相似文献
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用稀释分离法从健康辣椒植株的茎、叶、果肉中共分离得到植物内生菌88株,其中细菌有65株,真菌有21株,放线菌2株。用平板对峙法从中筛选出内生菌003和X两株对辣椒疫霉病菌、辣椒绿霉病菌、辣椒炭疽病菌3种病原菌具有明显拮抗作用的菌株,得出抑制率为34.80%～48.0%。根据菌株形态、生理生化特性对菌株003和菌株X进行了初步鉴定,结果显示菌株003和菌株X都为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)。 相似文献
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辣椒内生菌的分离及拮抗菌的筛选与鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用稀释分离法从健康辣椒植株的茎、叶、果肉中共分离得到植物内生菌88株,其中细菌有65株,真菌有21株,放线菌2株.用平板对峙法从中筛选出内生菌003和X两株对辣椒疫霉病菌、辣椒绿霉病菌、辣椒炭疽病菌3种病原菌具有明显拮抗作用的菌株,得出抑制率为34.80％～48.0％.根据菌株形态、生理生化特性对菌株003和菌株X进行了初步鉴定,结果显示菌株003和菌株X都为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus). 相似文献
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DENG Zhao-jing 《保鲜与加工》2005,(1):153-156
A new definition of inertia,i.e. the momentum is the measuring of inertia of matter, is proposed. The article through and etc., subjects, the correctness of the new notion of inertia:The monentum is the measuring of inertia has been demonstrated, and the unsolved contradictions of the traditional definition of inetia. And the mass is the measuring of inertia has been revealed. 相似文献
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香蕉是热带亚热带发展中国家重要的粮食作物和碳水化合物来源。但近年来,香蕉生产受到严重的病虫危害。大多数香蕉栽培品种是三倍体,生长周期长,而且不孕。由于没有种子,给繁殖和育种带来一定的困难。遗传转化技术的发展为香蕉品种的改良提供了一种有效的手段。香蕉的遗传转化方法有电激法、基因枪法、农杆菌介导法等。农杆菌介导法的应用是香蕉品种改良的一个重大突破。香蕉遗传转化的外植体也发展到多种,有原生质体,胚性细胞悬浮系,分生组织,以及横切薄片等。近几年,随着分子生物学的发展,出现了转化效率更高,重复性更好的香蕉遗传转化技术。如农杆菌和基因枪结合法,离心辅助农杆菌介导法、真空渗透技术等。这些新技术新方法的出现,必将推动香蕉产业高速发展。 相似文献
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Based on the relation between the incipient yield pressure and the limit of yielding in cylinder according to the elastic disabled rule, a laboratorial method of determining limit of yielding of material is designed and a set of experimental data were gained by the method. The incipient yield pressure of the cylinder is gained by analyzing the experimental data, and then the limit of yielding is gained. The laboratorial method has a good reliability as the experimental value has a little error to the theory value. It has a definite engineering signification and theory value to research the mechanical capability of material and the disabled rule of high pressure vessel. 相似文献
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基于RS与GIS技术,利用景观生态学理论及景观格局指数对布尔津县土地利用现状进行定量分析。结果显示为：（1）布尔津县以草地、林地为主要景观类型,镶嵌着耕地、水域等景观类型。（2）四个分区（即高山区、丘陵区、平原区、荒漠区）的林地资源组成差异明显,耕地、居民、交通及工矿用地集中分布在丘陵区和平原区（3）从各项指数来看,高山区的多样性指数较低;平原区是受人文因素最多的区域,景观优势度低,各种土地利用类型比例差异不大,有利于生态可持续发展,但要合理的开发利用;荒漠区生态环境相对脆弱,要加强生态环境的保护与改善。通过该研究对布尔津县的土地利用现状作一个了解,为该县乃至整个地区的景观规划和可持续发展战略提供科学依据。 相似文献
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Efficiency of water use of early plantings of sunflower 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
M. Auxiliadora Soriano Francisco Orgaz Francisco J. Villalobos Elías Fereres 《European Journal of Agronomy》2004,21(4):465-476
Rain fed crop production in Mediterranean environments depends to a large extent on strategies that avoid the intense summer drought. Early plantings of sunflower have given consistently higher yields in such environments, but the basis for such yield increases has not been explored. We conducted two field experiments at Cordoba (Spain) to investigate the effects of an early and a late planting date on the components of water-limited crop productivity; namely, water use (T), water use efficiency (TE) and harvest index (HI) of sunflower. The results were generalized by simulating rain fed sunflower yields, under early (1 January) and late (15 March) plantings, for a 25-year period with the aid of a simulation model of the Ceres type (OILCROP-SUN) which has been validated in Cordoba. Experimental seed yields of early plantings in 1989 and 1996 were 2.0 and 3.0 t ha−1, while late plantings yields were 1.3 and 2.4 t ha−1, for the 2 years. Average simulated yields were 2.7 ± 1.1 and 1.9 ± 0.7 t ha−1 for early and late plantings, respectively. For the 2 years, T of early plantings was higher than that of late plantings, but the response of TE and HI to planting date was not the same in the two experiments. In the simulation exercise, T and TE of early plantings were consistently higher than those of late plantings, while there were no differences in the HI for the two planting dates. We conclude that early plantings of sunflower increase rain fed yields by increasing both T and TE, while the impact of planting date on HI very much depends on the crop water stress pattern, which is quite variable from year to year even in the predictable Mediterranean environment. 相似文献
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The cotyledon and hypocotyl of eight varieties of alfalfa( Medicago sativa L. )are used to study the effect of different cultivation procedures and genotypes on embryogenic callus and embryoid induction,plant development and transplant of alfalfa.The varieties of alfalfa with high embryoid induction rate and high differentiation rate are screened. A high frequency regeneration system for alfalfa tissue culture is established:which is benifical to the gene transformation of alfalfa. 相似文献
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紫玉米不同组配方式的花青素含量及产量比较 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以18个玉米自交系组配成的16个紫玉米杂交组合为试验材料,研究不同组配方式配制的紫玉米籽粒、穗轴、苞叶、雄穗花青素含量及花青素产量。结果表明:(1)不同组配方式的紫玉米籽粒花青素含量、籽粒产量及籽粒花青素产量差异均较大。深紫玉米×深紫玉米,花青素含量最高;深紫非糯玉米×糯玉米,籽粒产量最高;深紫玉米×深紫玉米,籽粒花青素产量最高。(2)深紫玉米×深紫玉米,穗轴花青素含量、花青素产量最高;非紫苞叶×深紫苞叶,紫玉米苞叶花青素含量、花青素产量最高;非紫雄穗×深紫雄穗,紫玉米雄穗花青素含量、花青素产量最高。(3)穗轴花青素含量与籽粒花青素含量呈极显著正相关;雄穗花青素含量与苞叶花青素含量呈极显著正相关。(4)紫玉米花青素总产量(籽粒、穗轴、苞叶、雄穗)为:深紫×深紫>深紫×浅紫>非紫×深紫>浅紫×非紫;籽粒花青素产量对总花青素产量贡献最大。 相似文献
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Seven specimens were loaded with axial force and horizontal cycle force to analyze the hysteretic performance and the influencing factor as well. The influence of axial compression ratio and aspect ratio on the hysteretic performance was investigated, including the buckling behaviors and the energy dissipation. And the positive role of combined effects on the hysteretic performance of cold-formed specimens was studied emphatically. The experiment reveals that a large axial compression ratio incurs a serious decrease on hysteretic performance, while the combined effects give an increase on it. In addition, the numerical mode is set up. Considering double nonlinearity, the results of experiment and simulation match each other well. Based on the data, it is obtained that local buckling plays a great negative role during the loading course. At last, the characteristics of hysteretic performance of cold-formed steel specimens are concluded and some suggestions are given. 相似文献
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本研究采用体视镜和扫描电镜相结合的方法,对4种溪黄草药材基原植物种子状果实的形态特征进行观察比较。线纹香茶菜、纤花香茶菜及长叶香茶菜种子状果实的形状特征相似,呈卵型,大小为0.88~1.17 mm×0.54~0.77 mm,大小顺序依次为线纹香茶菜>纤花香茶菜>长叶香茶菜;表面具有网状纹饰,但网壁隆起高度不同,高度依次为线纹香茶菜>纤花香茶菜>长叶香茶菜;遇水后出现粘液质,其中线纹香茶菜与纤花香茶菜的果实均具有较多粘液质,长叶香茶菜只有少数果实具有粘液质,且量多少不一。溪黄草种子状果实形态特征与上述3种植物明显不同,呈阔卵圆型,大小为1.24~1.60 mm×0.89~1.33 mm;种子状果实表面的网状纹饰粗糙且多皱缩,具有散在的腺点和白色非腺毛,多分布于顶端,由1~3个细胞组成;遇水后无粘液质出现。结果表明,上述4种植物种子状果实在形状、大小、表面纹理及粘液质有无等方面存在较为明显的差异。种子状果实形态特征的差异可为4种植物提供一定的分类依据。 相似文献