共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Jiwa S.F.H. Kazwala R.R. Aboud A.A.O. Kalaye W.J. 《Veterinary research communications》1997,21(8):533-539
A total of 8190 cattle from 42 well-managed herds in the Lake Victoria zone of Tanzania were tested for bovine tuberculosis by a single comparative intradermal test (SCITT) using avian and bovine purified protein derivative (PPD) antigens. The prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in this area was found to be 0.2%. There was significant variation (p<0.001) among the herds tested in the four regions in this zone (Kagera, Mara, Mwanza and Shinyanga). The highest prevalence (2.12%) was in a herd of 566 cattle which had recently arrived in Kagera region from Dar-es-Salaam. None of the 915 cattle tested in Shinyanga or of the 254 resident cattle in the Kagera region were positive by SCITT. This area, and particularly the Kagera region, has the highest human morbidity and mortality due to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Tanzania. Therefore, the presence of bovine tuberculosis in cattle necessitates further investigations on the role of animal-derived tuberculos is in human health. 相似文献
2.
Bezos J Alvarez J Romero B Aranaz A Juan Ld 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2012,191(2):161-165
Tuberculosis in goats, mainly caused by Mycobacterium bovis and M. caprae, is a zoonotic disease with implications for public health, as well as having an economic impact due to decreased goat production, increased mortality rates and costs of diagnosis. There is an increasing need for surveillance of tuberculosis-infected goat herds, particularly in countries that are not officially free of bovine tuberculosis, and goats sharing farms with cattle should be subjected to the official tuberculin test. In Spain, some regions have programmes for the control of tuberculosis in goats, applying the same diagnostic assays that are used for cattle. The objective of tuberculosis eradication in livestock requires adaptation of existing control strategies to include goats. As such, it is necessary to determine whether current diagnostic assays for tuberculosis in cattle will work as efficiently in the goat. This review provides an overview of current in vivo tools for diagnosis of caprine tuberculosis, including estimates of the sensitivity and specificity of tests performed in this species. The number of tested animals and co-infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis are also addressed, with the aim of demonstrating the limitations of current assays and the need for further research. 相似文献
3.
O'brien DJ Schmitt SM Fitzgerald SD Berry DE Hickling GJ 《Veterinary microbiology》2006,112(2-4):313-323
Historical, social and economic factors combined to provide a focus where bovine tuberculosis has become established in free-ranging wildlife in northeastern lower Michigan. White-tailed deer, the primary reservoir and maintenance host of tuberculosis, are highly valued by the public, and particularly hunters, for cultural and economic reasons. Since 1995, significant progress has been made in defining and reducing the reservoir of tuberculosis in deer. As yet, no other wildlife species has been shown to play an epidemiologically important role in the disease cycle. The importance of deer and deer hunting to Michigan has uniquely shaped tuberculosis control policies, and poses ongoing challenges as wildlife managers strive to maintain momentum for broad control strategies, and develop focused strategies that are publicly acceptable. Even if momentum and funding can be maintained, tuberculosis will likely continue to be present for a decade or longer. Thus, cattle producers waiting for tuberculosis to be eradicated from wildlife to eliminate risks to their herds and markets face disappointment for the foreseeable future. Such unrealistic expectations also place Michigan's federal tuberculosis accreditation status at perpetual risk. Accredited free status is unlikely to be regained without accompanying changes in cattle management. In Michigan, management of tuberculosis has clearly demonstrated that social issues and public approval are likely to be the critical limiting factors in control. 相似文献
4.
5.
Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in slaughter cattle in Kenya: a postmortem, microbiological and DNA molecular study 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
A study to determine the presence and prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in slaughter cattle in Kenya was carried out in two abattoirs from July to November 2009. Routine postmortem meat inspection was performed on a subpopulation of 929 cattle selected randomly from among 4,984. Carcases were inspected for gross tuberculous lesions which were then examined for acid-fast bacilli, (AFB), cultured for isolation of mycobacteria and the isolates characterised by DNA molecular analysis. Of the carcases examined, 176 (18.95?%, 95?% CI) had lesions suggestive of tuberculosis. AFB were observed in 63/176 of the lesioned cattle and mycobacteria were isolated from 64 of them. The isolates were identified as Mycobacterium bovis (19/64), Mycobacterium tuberculosis, (2/64) and mycobacteria other than tuberculosis (43/64). The prevalence of M. bovis by molecular analysis was 2.05?% (95?% CI). This study documents for the first time the presence of bovine tuberculosis among slaughter cattle in Kenya. There is therefore a need to formulate and implement control programmes in order to minimise transmission among animals and to humans. Isolation of M. tuberculosis from cattle underscores the risk tuberculous humans pose to animals. 相似文献
6.
江西省宜春市肉牛规模化养殖场发展迅速,肉牛结核病一旦蔓延将造成巨大经济损失。为掌握宜春市某规模化肉牛养殖场结核病的感染情况,采用γ-干扰素ELISA检测方法对该养殖场的300余头肉牛进行随机抽检。结果表明,随机抽取的30头肉牛样品的阳性检出率为3.33%。其中,所调查的2个年龄段的肉牛群中,以12月龄以上的肉牛群阳性检出率最高,为6.67%。在春、夏两季节调查的牛群中,春季阳性检出率最高,为6.67%。数据表明,该牛场结核病的免疫效果较差,须加强防控措施。 相似文献
7.
AIMS: To determine temporal and spatial patterns of bovine tuberculosis (Tb) in a population of brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) free from commercial and recreational hunting and living contiguously with livestock, and to relate these patterns to measures of possum health and density. METHODS: Possums were trapped on 11 lines located on a forest-rough grazing margin in the Ahaura Valley in Westland in 1979-80 and each August from 1992 to 1996, and were examined post mortem for gross lesions indicative of Tb. Infection levels in possums were compared with Th test data from cattle grazing in the same area. RESULTS: Tuberculosis was identified from the trapped sample of possums in 1980. Trapping of further possums on the same trap lines confirmed the presence of the disease each year from 1992 to 1996, and suggested a clustering of infection in time and space. The prevalence of Tb in possums declined with increasing possum population size and well being, and decreasing age. The prevalence of Tb in possums was highest in 1980 and 1992, and appeared to roughly coincide with similar upsurges in Tb in nearby cattle. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the exceptional levels of Tb recorded in possums in 1992 had a direct effect on possum numbers, and gave rise to very low trap catches in 1993-94. They also suggest that Tb can persist for several years in possum populations existing well below the 5% trap catch targeted by regional councils for Tb possum control. 相似文献
8.
Radio-tracking and direct observation were used over 18 months in 1990-92 to investigate both the use of sleeping dens and foraging activity by possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) on a 21 ha site in the Wairarapa used for a longitudinal study of bovine tuberculosis. Males had larger home ranges than females, and both sexes had larger activity areas during the autumn mating season than at other times of the year. Possums typically foraged in only a small area of their home ranges (termed an activity area) on any one night, and the areas used by individuals were commonly very similar over a series of nights. Activity areas overlapped extensively among possums. Possums used a limited number of dens, commonly in a small and in most cases a circumscribed part of their home range. No simultaneous den-sharing was found, with the exception of mother-joey pairs. The mortality of juveniles after independence was 36%. Only two of 25 juveniles under surveillance to detect dispersal dispersed more than 500 m off the study site, and both subsequently died. Grazing patterns of cattle meant that almost all accessible areas of the paddock were covered by at least some grazing cattle, and so all activity areas of possums within the paddock were covered by areas where cattle foraged. However, possums avoided contact with cattle, and when some cattle were excluded from access to the part of the paddock principally used by both tuberculous and healthy possums for denning, transmission of Mycobacterium bovis from possums to these cattle ceased, although there was subsequent transmission to deer. Cattle which grazed the area used principally for possum denning continued to become infected, and these denning areas appeared to be of importance in the transmission of tuberculosis. 相似文献
9.
Tuberculosis concurrent infection in cattle and their respective owners in North‐western Ethiopia had been investigated. Two hundred and ten cattle owners and 1220 heads of their cattle were included in the study to determine degree of tuberculosis infection in cattle owned by tuberculosis patients and tuberculosis patients. Comparative intradermal tuberculin test, bacteria culturing, acid fast staining and biochemical tests were used to conduct the study. The prevalence of tuberculosis was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in cattle owned by tuberculosis patients than in cattle owned by non‐tuberculosis owners, and infection with tuberculosis was threefold greater in cattle owned by tuberculosis‐positive owners. Further more, cattle owners who consumed raw milk were at higher risk (P < 0.001, OR = 3.23) for tuberculosis infection than those who consumed boiled milk. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (15.4%), Mycobacterium bovis (44.1%) and atypical mycobacteria (38.5%) were identified from milk collected from tuberculin‐positive cows using biochemical tests. Similarly M. tuberculosis (74.5%), M. bovis (14.9%) and atypical mycobacteria (8.5%) were identified from sputum and fine needle aspiration specimens of tuberculosis patient cattle owners. Mutual transmission of mycobacterium from animals to humans and vice versa has been signified. 相似文献
10.
3种方法检测结核污染牛场的比较 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
应用牛结核变态反应、牛结核斑点免疫金银染色法(Dot—IGSS)和ELISA3种方法，同时检测结核污染牛场的498头份牛血清。结果发现，阳性检出率以变态反应为最高(28．3％)。Dot—IGSS居中(27．3％)，ELISA最低(17．2％)；变态反应与Dot—IGSS和ELISA的符合率较差，而ELISA和Dot—IGSS具有较好的符合率；在变态反应阴性牛中，仍然检出了部分Dot—IGSS和ELIsA阳性牛。由此认为，先以变态反应检疫牛群，再随之实施抗体检测，会更有利于结核污染牛场的净化与防制。 相似文献
11.
Inangolet FO Demelash B Oloya J Opuda-Asibo J Skjerve E 《Tropical animal health and production》2008,40(7):501-508
A study to determine the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in the transhumant and agro-pastoral cattle herds in the border areas of Katakwi and Moroto districts in Uganda was carried out from July 2006 to January 2007 using comparative intradermal tuberculin test containing bovine and avian PPDs. A total of 1470 animals, 612 (41.6%) males and 858 (58.4%) females, 883 (60%) young, 555 (37.8%) adult and 32 (2.2%) old animals were included. The study involved a cross-sectional multistage sampling technique with random selection of individual animals from a herd. The results revealed a 1.3% overall prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in cattle herds in the study area, with a marked variation between sub-counties. The highest recorded prevalence was 6.0% in Kapujan, while no cases were recorded in Ongogonja, Magoro and Katakwi sub-counties. Distinctly different patterns in the avian-bovine reactions were also found in different sub-counties. A multivariate logistic regression showed more positive reactions (OR = 6.3; 95%CI (1.4-26.34) in females than males. BTB prevalence did not differ significantly between cattle maintained in pastoral and agro pastoral production systems. The study demonstrated a relatively low prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in local zebu cattle reared under traditional husbandry systems in Uganda, suggesting low infectiousness of the disease under such mode of production. The risk associated with the consumption of raw milk among the pastoral communities and that, the pooling of milk together from different animals is a common practice, warrants more investigation into the zoonotic transmission of tuberculosis within these communities. 相似文献
12.
Livingstone PG Ryan TJ Hancox NG Crews KB Bosson MA Knowles GJ McCook W 《Veterinary microbiology》2006,112(2-4):291-301
It is expected that the revised chapter on bovine tuberculosis in the Terrestrial Animal Health Code of the Office Internationale des Epizooties (OIE) will embrace regionalization as a functional means of assisting countries, states or regions to meet the requirements for freedom from tuberculosis and to facilitate trade. The benefits and applications of regionalization, which comprises zoning and compartmentalisation, are discussed. Regionalization requires that a country's veterinary administration is able to implement transparent and auditable biosecurity measures that will ensure that the tuberculosis-free status of a subpopulation of cattle is maintained despite the presence of infection in another cattle subpopulation, or in other domestic or wild animal species. Zoning, which requires cattle subpopulations to be separated by geographic boundaries, provides a practical basis whereby countries, states or regions, can progress towards freedom from tuberculosis, regardless of the source of infection for defined cattle subpopulations. Compartmentalisation however, requires that husbandry or management practices will be used to prevent a tuberculosis-free cattle subpopulation from contacting interspecific and intraspecific sources of infection. This will be difficult to achieve except for specialised cases such as artificial breeding centers. 相似文献
13.
Anita L Michel 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2008,20(4):501-503
Mycobacterium fortuitum and at least 1 unidentified species of soil mycobacteria were isolated from lymph nodes from 4 of 5 African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) that had been culled because of positive test results using the Bovigam assay. The buffalo were part of a group of 16 free-ranging buffalo captured in the far north of the Kruger National Park (South Africa) assumed to be free of bovine tuberculosis. No Mycobacterium bovis was isolated. To investigate the possible cause of the apparent false-positive diagnosis, the Mycobacterium isolates were inoculated into 4 experimental cattle and their immune responses monitored over a 13-week period, using the gamma interferon assay. The immune reactivity was predominantly directed toward avian tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) and lasted for approximately 8 weeks. During that period 3 of 4 cattle yielded positive test results on 1 or 2 occasions. The immune responsiveness was boosted when the inoculations were repeated after 15 weeks, which led to 2 subsequent positive reactions in the experimental animal that did not react previously. Including an additional stimulatory antigen, sensitin prepared from M. fortuitum in the gamma interferon assay, showed that it was able to elicit a detectable gamma interferon response in all 4 experimentally inoculated cattle when applied in parallel with bovine and avian tuberculin PPD for the stimulation of blood samples. The implications of occasional cross-reactive responses in natural cases of infection with environmental mycobacteria in the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis in African buffalo and cattle in South Africa are discussed. 相似文献
14.
15.
Norby B Bartlett PC Grooms DL Kaneene JB Bruning-Fann CS 《American journal of veterinary research》2005,66(7):1285-1291
OBJECTIVE: To estimate herd-level sensitivity (HSe), specificity (HSp), and predictive values for a positive (HPVP) and negative (HPVN) test result for several testing scenarios for detection of tuberculosis in cattle by use of simulation modeling. SAMPLE POPULATION: Empirical distributions of all herds (15,468) and herds in a 10-county area (1,016) in Michigan. PROCEDURE: 5 test scenarios were simulated: scenario 1, serial interpretation of the caudal fold tuberculin (CFT) test and comparative cervical test (CCT); scenario 2, serial interpretation of the CFT test and CCT, microbial culture for mycobacteria, and polymerase chain reaction assay; scenario 3, same as scenario 2 but specificity was fixed at 1.0; and scenario 4, sensitivity was 0.9 (scenario 4a) or 0.95 (scenario 4b), and specificity was fixed at 1.0. RESULTS: Estimates for HSe were reasonably high, ranging between 0.712 and 0.840. Estimates for HSp were low when specificity was not fixed at 1.0. Estimates of HPVP were low for scenarios 1 and 2 (0.042 and 0.143, respectively) but increased to 1.0 when specificity was fixed at 1.0. The HPVN remained high for all 5 scenarios, ranging between 0.995 and 0.997. As herd size increased, HSe increased and HSp and HPVP decreased. However, fixing specificity at 1.0 had only minor effects on HSp and HPVN, but HSe was low when the herd size was small. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Tests used for detecting cattle herds infected with tuberculosis work well on a herd basis. Herds with < approximately 100 cattle should be tested more frequently or for a longer duration than larger herds to ensure that these small herds are free of tuberculosis. 相似文献
16.
Attempts to eradicate tuberculosis from cattle and farmed deer in some countries have been frustrated by the existence of wildlife reservoirs of Mycobacterium bovis infection. Possum control programmes in New Zealand using poisons have shown clearly that the brushtail possum is an important source of infection for cattle and farmed deer, and the sum of evidence strongly suggests that badgers serve as a source of infection for cattle in the UK. Bovine tuberculosis can only be eradicated from these countries by controlling M. bovis infection in both wildlife and domestic animals. The most promising options for control of M. bovis infection in wildlife in the longer term include the development of a tuberculosis vaccine for wildlife and a strategy for biological control of possums. The aim of this review is to address the problems and approaches involved in the control of wildlife tuberculosis from an immunological perspective. 相似文献
17.
18.
Alemayehu Regassa Girmay Medhin Gobena Ameni 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2008,178(1):119-125
A case control study was conducted between October 2004 and April 2005 to determine the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) in cattle in central Ethiopia relative to the tuberculosis status of their owners. A total of 174 farmers (87 with active tuberculosis and 87 with no active tuberculosis), and 1041 cattle (506 owned by farmers with active tuberculosis and 535 by farmers without active tuberculosis) were included. The comparative intradermal cervical tuberculin test was used in cattle while clinical symptoms, chest X-ray and Ziehl-Neelsen staining were used for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in the farmers. In addition, mycobacterial culture, biochemical tests, and drug susceptibility tests were performed for the identification Mycobacterium spp. from both humans and cattle. The prevalence of BTB was threefold higher (odds ratio [OR]=4.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]=2.79-6.2) in cattle owned by farmers with active tuberculosis (24.3%) than in those owned by farmers who did not have active tuberculosis (8.6%). Cattle owned by farmers with active tuberculosis were four times more likely to have tuberculosis than cattle owned by farmers with no active tuberculosis. Furthermore, cattle owners who consumed raw milk were at greater risk (chi2=14.1, P<0.001, OR=3.34) of having active tuberculosis than those who consumed boiled milk. Of the 42 human isolates, 31 (74%) were Mycobacterium tuberculosis, seven (16%) were Mycobacterium bovis while four (10%) were considered a typical mycobacteria on the basis of biochemical and drug sensitivity tests. Of the 11 cattle isolates, two (18%) were Mycobacterium tuberculosis, five (46%) Mycobacterium bovis, and four (36%) were atypical mycobacteria. The prevalence of tuberculosis was higher in cattle owned by farmers with active tuberculosis than in cattle owned by farmers who did not have active tuberculosis, which could suggest possible transmission of Mycobacterium spp. between cattle and their owners. 相似文献
19.
Hamid ME 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2012,105(1-2):1-9
Bovine farcy (which is caused by Mycobacterium farcinogenes and Mycobacterium senegalense) is a chronic suppurative granulomatous inflammation of the skin and lymphatics of cattle and is seen mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. It is not yet certain whether Nocardia farcinica causes cutaneous nocardiosis (farcy) in animals that mimics bovine farcy. Epidemiological data have steadily reported finding bovine farcy in adult cattle of the transhumance pastoralist tribes of the Sahel and the Sudanian savannah zones. M. farcinogenes and or M. senegalense do not affect other domestic or non-domestic animals; it is not known whether these bacteria are zoonotic. The disease--once widespread in many regions--has disappeared from some countries historically known to have it. Reports of bovine farcy prevalence seem to be linked to the existence of survey initiatives by governments and diagnostic capabilities in each country. Farcy causes economic loss due to damaged hides and also is a public-health burden (because the lymphadenitis due to farcy resembles the lesions of bovine tuberculosis in carcasses and the meat is considered inappropriate for human consumption). The current literature is deficient in establishing definitely the prevalence, transmission patterns, and risk factors of bovine farcy. Ixodid ticks transmit other skin diseases (such as dermatophilosis) and might play a role in bovine farcy (given the similarity in the bio-physiology and geographic distribution of the disease). In addition, the tick-resistance of cattle breeds such as the N'Dama, Fulani or the Nilotic might explain their resistance to bovine farcy. Apart from the judicious use of conventional smear-and-culture methods, few diagnostic tests have been developed; the molecular and serological tests have not been evaluated for reproducibility and accuracy. This review points out aspects of bovine farcy that need further research and updates available data on the prevalence, distribution, risk factors, economic and public health implications, diagnosis, and control. 相似文献
20.
Specimens of lung, liver and mesenteric lymph node from cows and buffaloes slaughtered in the Lahore area were cultured to investigate the type of mycobacteria involved in bovine tuberculosis. Employing the concentration method, 56 out of 530 cattle were found to be culture positive for acid-fast bacteria, 48 being Mycobacterium bovis and eight atypical mycobacteria. No M tuberculosis or M avium was isolated. Most of the isolated M bovis strains were found to be highly virulent for rabbits. 相似文献