共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 119 毫秒
1.
断奶仔猪又称保育猪，是指生后3～5周龄断奶到10周龄阶段的仔猪。 1 生理特点 胰脂肪酶、胰蛋白酶、胰淀粉酶、胰凝乳酶等活性下降。小肠出现严重的绒毛萎缩，隐窝变深，肠黏膜淋巴细胞增生和隐窝细胞有丝分裂速度加快。抗体水平降低，细胞免疫力抑制增强，血液免疫球蛋白的数量降低，免疫力和抗病能力低。 相似文献
2.
为研究酪蛋白酶解物对胎儿宫内发育迟缓(IUGR)新生仔猪胰腺生长发育的影响,试验选择初生IUGR仔猪15头,分为新生组(N)、酪蛋白组(C)和酪蛋白酶解物组(CH),人工饲喂3d后宰杀取样。结果显示,人工饲喂3d后,IUGR仔猪胰腺重量、胰腺重/体重和胰腺蛋白质、DNA、RNA、胰高血糖素的含量以及胰淀粉酶、胰脂肪酶总活性均较新生组极显著提高(P<0.01),而胰总蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶总活性均显著下降(P<0.05),胰糜蛋白酶总活性也呈下降趋势;CH组胰糜蛋白酶总活性比C组高50.00%(P<0.01),CH组胰腺组织蛋白质、DNA含量及胰总蛋白酶、胰淀粉酶总活性也较C组不同程度提高(P>0.05)。表明IUGR仔猪生后胰腺生长发育十分迅速,酪蛋白酶解物有刺激新生IUGR仔猪胰腺胰糜蛋白酶活性提高的趋势。 相似文献
3.
(目的和方法)为研究添加胰岛素对IUGR新生仔猪胰腺重量、酶活性的影响,试验选择初生IUGR仔猪15头,分为新生对照组(N)、牛乳组(M)和试验组即牛乳添加胰岛素(60 IU/L)组(I),人工饲喂3 d后宰杀取样。(结果)结果显示,与N组相比,饲喂3 d后,M组和I组仔猪胰腺重量、胰腺重/体重、蛋白质含量、DNA含量、RNA含量、胰淀粉酶活性、胰脂肪酶总活性、胰高血糖素总含量均不同程度提高,而胰总蛋白水解酶活性、胰蛋白酶活性、胰糜蛋白酶总活性、胰腺胰岛素总含量均不同程度降低,变化较明显。与M组相比,I组胰腺蛋白质含量、蛋白质/DNA比值分别提高了61.43%、60.54%(P0.01);I组胰总蛋白水解酶活性、胰淀粉酶活性、胰脂肪酶总活性、胰腺胰岛素总含量、胰高血糖素含量分别提高了10.59%、10.40%、9.37%、14.30%、12.30%(P0.05);胰腺重、胰腺重/体重、胰腺DNA含量、RNA含量、RNA/DNA比值也不同程度提高(P0.05);而I组与M组间胰蛋白酶活性、胰糜蛋白酶活性差异不显著。(结论)表明IUGR仔猪生后胰腺生长发育较迅速,添加胰岛素能在一定程度上刺激IUGR仔猪胰腺细胞增殖和增大,能显著促进IUGR仔猪胰腺蛋白质合成和沉积,有刺激胰腺内外分泌部发育、提高胰腺酶活性提高、刺激组织激素分泌的趋势,对IUGR仔猪出生后胰腺的生长具有一定的补偿作用。 相似文献
4.
超早期断奶应激对仔猪消化酶活性的影响初报 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
试验选用两窝１４ 日龄杜×（ 大×长） 三元杂交商品猪,每窝１０ 头,每窝仔猪按体重平均分为断奶处理组和哺乳对照组,每组两个重复（ 栏） ,每栏５ 头猪。分别于断奶后第０（１４ 日龄） 、２ 、４ 、６ 、９ 天从每栏内随机抽取一头猪,屠宰后取胰腺和空肠内容物样品,测定胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶及脂肪酶活性。试验结果表明,断奶应激不同程度地降低了仔猪胰腺和空肠内容物中胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性。随着断奶后时间的推移和采食量的增加,断奶仔猪空肠内容物中胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶以及胰腺中淀粉酶活性得以恢复并呈上升趋势。 相似文献
5.
6.
仔猪腹泻是目前仔猪较严重的一种常见疾病,也是引起仔猪死亡的重要原因,影响仔猪成活率,阻碍着养猪业的健康发展。笔者通过对漳州地区几个规模化猪场的调查分析,归纳总结仔猪腹泻的多种原因,并提出综合防治措施,供参考。1仔猪腹泻的原因通过调查分析,仔猪腹泻的因素有很多,通常有生理性因素、营养性因素、应激性因素和疾病性因素等,我们常见的多以多种因素相互作用或交叉感染。1.1生理因素性腹泻1.1.1消化器官发育不全仔猪消化器官正处于生长发育阶段,刚断奶的仔猪可见小肠绒毛萎缩,严重的绒毛脱落,且绒毛表面由高密度手指状变为宽叶状或平舌状,同时隐窝肥大,肠道的消化、吸收面积暂时变小,因此食糜中的营养物质不能很好地得到消化、吸收,而以腹泻的形式排出。1.1.2消化酶分泌不足研究发现,仔猪在0～4周龄期间,胃蛋白酶、胰脂肪酶、胰淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶活性成倍增长,但4周龄断奶后1周内各种消化酶活性降低到断奶前水平的1/3。断奶后仔猪消化酶活性的下降,导致仔猪对非乳饲料碳水化合物、脂肪和植物饲料蛋白的利用率较差,从而造成仔猪早期断奶后1～2周内消化不良,导致腹泻。1.1.3胃酸不足胃液的酸性是由盐酸决定,盐酸是由胃底腺的壁细胞分泌,而仔猪胃... 相似文献
7.
陈有荃 《兽药与饲料添加剂》2005,10(5):3-5
选用12窝新生仔猪(杜洛克×长白×大约克)按单因子随机分组设计分为3个处理,分别为大豆蛋白组(SP-SP组)、乳蛋白组(MP-SP组)与复合型蛋白组(MP-CP组)。在5和9周龄时,每组选2头仔猪进行屠宰,测定胰脏、小肠内容物蛋白酶活性。结果表明,在5周龄时,SP-SP组胰脏中胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性高于MP-SP组、MP-CP组(P<0.01),小肠内容物中2种酶活性在处理组间无差异。9周龄时,MP-CP组小肠内容物、胰脏中胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性显著低于SP-SP组(P<0.01);MP-SP组胰脏中胰蛋白酶和小肠内容物中糜蛋白酶活性显著高于MP-CP组(P<0.05),胰脏中糜蛋白酶活性极显著高于MP-CP组(P<0.01);SP-SP组胰脏中糜蛋白酶活性、小肠内容物中胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性显著高于MP-SP组(P<0.01)。 相似文献
8.
选用12窝新生仔猪(杜洛克×长白×大约克)按单因子随机区组设计分为3个处理,分别为大豆蛋白组(SP-SP组)、乳蛋白组(MP-SP组)与复合型蛋白组(MP-Cp组)。在35日龄和63日龄,每组选2头仔猪进行屠宰,测定胰脏、小肠内容物蛋白酶活性。结果表明,在5周龄时,SP-SP组胰脏中胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性高于MP-SP组、MP-CP组(P<0.01),小肠内容物中两种酶活性在处理组间无差异。9周龄时,MP-CP组小肠内容物、胰脏中胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性显著低于SP-SP组(P<0.01);MP-SP组胰脏中胰蛋白酶和小肠内容物中糜蛋白酶活性显著高于MP-CP组(P<0.05),胰脏中糜蛋白酶活性极显著高于MP-CP组(P<0.01);SP-SP组胰脏中糜蛋白酶活性、小肠内容物中胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性显著高于MP-SP组(P<0.001)。 相似文献
9.
以0～14日龄雄乳鸽为研究对象,测定3日龄、8日龄和14日龄乳鸽十二指肠和空肠中淀粉酶、总蛋白水解酶、胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性随年龄的变化趋势。结果表明：十二指肠中淀粉酶、总蛋白水解酶、胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性随日龄增加而呈上升趋势,脂肪酶活性在3～8日龄显著降低,8～14日龄活性升高;空肠中淀粉酶、总蛋白水解酶和脂肪酶活性先降低后升高,而胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性先升高后降低,并在8日龄时达到峰值。 相似文献
10.
谷氨酰胺对早期断奶仔猪胰腺及小肠胰蛋白酶活性的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
选用大长北母猪所产仔猪 45头 ,2 1日龄断奶。断奶时宰杀 5头公仔猪作为哺乳对照 ,其余仔猪按公母各半随机分为 2组 ,试验组添加 1.2 %谷氨酰胺。断奶后 14d和 2 8d宰杀仔猪 ,以研究谷氨酰胺对早期断奶仔猪胰腺和小肠胰蛋白酶活性的影响。断奶后 14d,日粮中添加谷氨酰胺可极显著提高胰腺胰蛋白酶相对活性和总活性 (P<0 .0 0 1)以及比活 (P<0 .0 1) ,而对十二指肠、空肠和回肠食糜及粘膜中胰蛋白酶活性无显著影响 ;断奶后 2 8d时 ,日粮添加谷氨酰胺对胰腺、十二指肠、空肠和回肠食糜粘膜中胰蛋白酶活性均无显著影响。对照组仔猪胰腺、十二指肠和回肠胰蛋白酶活性在断奶后 14d已基本恢复到断奶时水平 ,空肠胰蛋白酶活性显著超过断奶时水平 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;断奶后 2 8d胰腺胰蛋白酶比活和总活性极显著高于断奶后 14d(P<0 .0 1) ,胰腺和回肠胰蛋白酶相对活性显著高于断奶后 14d(P<0 .0 5 )。试验组仔猪胰腺和空肠胰蛋白酶相对活性和比活在断奶后 14d极显著超过断奶时水平 (P<0 .0 1) ,达到了对照组断奶后 2 8d时酶活性水平 ;断奶后 2 8d胰腺胰蛋白酶相对活性、比活和总活性维持在断奶后 14d水平 ,而空肠胰蛋白酶相对活性和比活又降至断奶时水平。结果表明 ,早期断奶仔猪日粮中添加谷氨酰胺有助于缓解由于早期 相似文献
11.
Growth and development of the digestive organs and some enzymes in broiler chicks after hatching. 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
1. Body weight and the weight of the digestive organs and activities of some digestive enzymes were determined from hatching to 23 d of age. 2. Relative daily growth rate peaked at 11 d of age (22% gain/d) and then decreased gradually. 3. The vitelline residue was decreased rapidly from 4.6 g at hatching to negligible values from 4 d of age. 4. Maximal allometric growth of the pancreas and small intestine was 4-fold and that of liver 2-fold greater than that of the body. 5. Activities (units/kg body weight) of the digestive enzymes measured in the pancreas and intestinal contents increased with age. In the pancreas maximal values were attained on day 8 for amylase and lipase and 11 for trypsin and chymotrypsin. In the small intestine maxima were attained on day 4 for lipase, 11 for trypsin and chymotrypsin and 17 for amylase. 6. The development of secretion of digestive enzymes in the post-hatched chick could be a limiting factor in digestion and subsequently in food intake and growth. 相似文献
12.
Effect of age, weaning and diet on digestive enzyme levels in the piglet 总被引：27，自引：0，他引：27
M D Lindemann S G Cornelius S M el Kandelgy R L Moser J E Pettigrew 《Journal of animal science》1986,62(5):1298-1307
Thirty-seven pigs were used to evaluate the effects of age and weaning on the level of protease in the gastric mucosa and trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase and lipase in the pancreas. There was a positive allometry of the pancreas and gastric mucosa associated with age and with weaning to a solid diet. Increases with age in total activity of chymotrypsin, trypsin, amylase and gastric proteases were due to increases in both tissue weight and enzyme activity per gram of tissue. A general depression in pancreatic enzymatic activities, but not in gastric proteolytic activity, was found during the first week following weaning. Forty pigs were used in a second trial to evaluate the effects of age and weaning diet on the same digestive enzymes. Total activity of all enzymes assayed increased with time postweaning. Increases in total activity of lipase and chymotrypsin were due primarily to increased pancreatic weight postweaning. Amylase, trypsin and gastric protease increases were due both to increased tissue weight and increased activity per gram of tissue. There were no effects of diet on the weight of gastric mucosa or the level of activity of the gastric proteases. Pigs fed a diet containing 20% whey had larger pancreases (P less than .10) at slaughter and a greater, but nonsignificant, mean activity per gram of pancreas for all pancreatic enzymes. It appears that the pig has sufficient pancreatic and gastric enzyme activity so that performance should not be limited, with the possible exception of the period shortly after weaning. However diet digestibility and subsequent pig performance may be more directly related to the extent of release of these enzymes into the intestine and the conditions that exist therein. 相似文献
13.
为研究饲喂模式对犊牛肠道及胰腺内消化酶活性的影响。试验选择24头体重和出生日期相近的犊牛,随机分成2组,每组12头,其中Ⅰ组采用传统饲喂模式(干草+粉状开食料),4 d开始补充开食料,10 d开始补充苜蓿干草,干草自由采食。Ⅱ组采用现代饲喂模式(颗粒型开食料)犊牛于4 d开始补充开食料。60 d断奶。各组分别在0、15、30、60 d屠宰3头犊牛。结果表明:Ⅰ组犊牛中性洗涤纤维以及酸性洗涤纤维日均摄入量均显著高于Ⅱ组(P<0.05),粗蛋白、消化能、粗脂肪、钙和磷的日均摄入量差异均不显著(P>0.05)。Ⅱ组犊牛小肠以及胰腺内淀粉酶、糜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶均高于Ⅰ组,尤其是胰蛋白酶以及糜蛋白酶在60 d时显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。结果提示,断奶前饲喂颗粒开食料有利于促进犊牛小肠以及胰腺内消化酶的分泌,利于提高犊牛对饲料的消化利用率。 相似文献
14.
饲喂半胱胺对绵羊小肠主要消化酶活性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
选取健康、体重相近的小尾寒羊公羔48只，随机分为4组，每组分别饲喂添加0、7．5、15和22．5mg／kgBW的半胱胺日粮，研究绵羊日粮中添加不同剂量的半胱胺对小肠内容物淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性的影响。结果表明：绵羊小肠不同部位（十二指肠、空肠和回肠）淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性不同，空肠淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性显著高于十二指肠和回肠。绵羊日粮中添加不同剂量的半胱胺可影响小肠食糜中淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性，随着日粮半胱胺添加量的增加，绵羊小肠内容物淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性随之增高，但半胱胺的添加量达到一定程度时（22．5mg／kgBW），小肠内容物淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性反而降低。因而在绵羊日粮中添加半胱胺时，一定要选择适宜的添加量。 相似文献
15.
Effects of age and diet on the development of the pancreas and the synthesis and secretion of pancreatic enzymes in the young pig 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
Effects of age and diet composition on amylase, trypsin and chymotrypsin activities in the pancreas and intestinal contents, pancreas weights and body weights were determined from birth to 56 d. A total of 120 pigs, five to seven pigs/litter from 18 litters, were slaughtered at birth, 14, 27, 29, 31, 42 and 56 d. Litters were allotted to dietary treatments (corn-soy, A; corn-soy + 20% dried whey, B; corn-soy + 5% lard, C) and offered these diets as creep feed at 14 d. All pigs were weaned at 28 d, placed in elevated nursery pens and fed their respective diets. Total activities of amylase, trypsin and chymotrypsin in the pancreas and small intestine increased (P less than .05) with age. Both trypsin and amylase activities, measured per kilogram body weight or gram pancreas weight, were low at 29 d in the intestine and increased to 56 d. Pigs on diet B had the highest level of trypsin and chymotrypsin in the intestinal contents (P less than .05). Trypsin activity in the pancreas (units/kg body weight) was lowest (P less than .05) for pigs on diet B and highest (P less than .05) for those on diet C (units/g pancreas and units/kg body weight). Amylase activity (units/kg body weight) was lower (P less than .05) in the pancreas for pigs on diet B than for those on diets A and C. Pigs on diet A had lower (P less than .01) intestinal amylase activities than those on diets B and C. Enzyme activities in the intestinal contents and pancreas were low following weaning. In the pancreas, activities decreased at 31 d.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
16.
试验选用黑白花公犊牛21头,研究我国常规饲养管理条件下0～6月龄犊牛胰腺与小肠中主要消化酶的发育规律和变化模式。结果表明:小肠中胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性随月龄的增长而增强,且在空肠段中酶活性均较高,6月龄分别达到11.73、914.03U/g蛋白质和423.23U/g蛋白质,乳糖酶则随月龄的增长活性降低;胰淀粉酶活性随月龄显著增长(P<0.05),0月龄胰脏内淀粉酶活性为177.19U/g蛋白质,2月龄酶活达5605.67U/g蛋白质,比0月龄增长32倍;脂肪酶活性0～1月龄间差异不显著(P>0.05),2月龄酶活显著增高(P<0.05)。由此可见各种消化酶的变化规律是不同的,它们在十二指肠、空肠和回肠的分布具有明显的区域性,空肠是营养物质消化的主要部位。 相似文献
17.
1. This study was to investigate the development of the activities of pancreatic and caecal enzymes in White Roman goslings from hatching to 28 d of age. 2. A total of 80 1-d-old goslings were used. At hatching, 3 and 7 d of age, 16 goslings (8 males and 8 females) were used. At 11, 14, 21 and 28 d of age, 8 goslings, 4 males and 4 females were selected. The activities of amylase, lipase, trypsin and chymotrypsin in each segment of the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) and their contents and the activity of cellulase in the caecal contents were measured. 3. The specific activity (SA) of amylase in the duodenal mucosa and contents increased significantly both from 11 to 14 and 14 to 21 d of age and declined after 28 d of age. In the jejunum and ileum, there was a significant peak in the SA of amylase in the mucosa in goslings from 7 to 21 d of age. On average, the SA of lipase of mucosa and content in the small intestine was initially low but gradually increased from 14 to 21 and from 21 to 28 d of age. 4. The SA of trypsin in the contents of the duodenum and the jejunum increased both from 7 to 11 and 11 to 14 d of age and there was high activity in the ileal contents from 14 to 21 d of age. From 3 to 14 d of age, the SA of chymotrypsin in the duodenal mucosa significantly increased and peaked. There was a significant peak at 11 d of age in the SA of chymotrypsin in the duodenal or jejunal contents and in the ileal contents at 7 d. The SA of cellulase in the caecal contents increased linearly with age, reaching a plateau at 28 d of age. 5. The rate of activity development varied from hatching to 28 d of age. However, the mean SA of amylase and lipase of intestinal contents reached a peak at 21 d, trypsin and chymotrypsin at 11 d and cellulase at 28 d of age, respectively. The quantitative changes in SA of cellulase, amylase, lipase, trypsin and chymotrypsin increased by about 4-, 3-, 5-, 2- and 3-fold, respectively, in the intestinal content of goslings. Thus, development of proteases in the intestine of goslings peaked more rapidly than amylase, lipase and cellulase during the first 4 weeks. 相似文献