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幼林地化学除草推广与质量管理技术 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
幼林地化学除草是林业化学除草施工的难点，结合生产实际研究，认为：以经济效益为杠杆，选择大面积使用的起始时机，建立符合实际的推广程序，制定严格的质量管理体系，有利于幼林化学除草的大面积实施。 相似文献
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林业化学除草剂在林业生产中应用已取得一定成效,化学除草法既可提高灭草效果,促进林木生长,又可降低成本。选择不同草类典型地段的防火线以及幼林地,进行不同除草剂配方比例的化学除草剂试验,并进行记录、对比观察,为今后在林业生产中推广使用提供依据。 相似文献
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在华北落叶松幼林地采用草甘膦、威尔柏化学除草剂,以不同浓度进行化学除草试验,并观察了草本、灌木植物喷施除草剂后的外观反应。结果表明:用草甘膦、威尔柏对华北落叶松幼林地进行除草,不仅除草效果好(75.9%～96.8%),而且成本低(47.2%～78.9%)。 相似文献
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幼林抚育人工松土除草，用工多，劳动强度大，与采茶等农事活动掩时间、争劳力，往往影响抚育任务按时按质完成。祁门县1993、1994年在胥岭、大洪岭林场等地使用草甘膦除草剂进行幼林地化学除草试验，1995年在大洪岭林场、安凌站办林场等幼林地进行大田化学除草示范推广，面积3000余亩，节约幼林抚育资金4．2万多元，减少幼抚工日1．5万个。今年又购进10%草甘膦除草剂10吨，计划完成幼林地化学除草面积1．5万亩。 相似文献
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以茅草为主的人工火炬松幼林地用草甘膦、草甘膦加二甲四氯进行化学除草,不但除草效果好(除草率可达87.3%—99.4%),而且除草成本低(约占人工除草费用的33.8—66.1%)。 相似文献
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阐述林业化学除草技术在林业现代化中的重要作用，介绍国内外对林业化学除草技术的应用情况，分析福建林业化学除草的制约因素，并对林业化学除草安全与效益进行评价，提出了福建林业化学除草发展的对策措施。 相似文献
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指出了传统人工除草技术除草的工作量较大,要花费大量的人力成本,并且除草的效果不明显,对林业育苗的发芽率、成活率等都具有很大的影响。介绍了对林业育苗中化学除草技术用药种类,分析了林业育苗中化学除草的药量及时间掌握,探讨了化学除草技术在林业育苗中的应用效果,供有关人员参考。 相似文献
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Herbicides are more cost-effective than alternative weed control methods for increasing early growth of Eucalyptus dunnii and Eucalyptus saligna 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Effective weed control is an essential management task in establishing commercial tree plantations. Much of the current weed control strategies employed in Australian forestry relies on the use of available herbicides. However, given community concern regarding the use of herbicides, investigation of alternative weed control methods is warranted. We tested the ability and cost-effectiveness of mechanical (hand weeding and inter-row slashing), mulching (sawdust over newsprint, woodchips and jute), cover crops and herbicide applications for weed control in establishing eucalypt plantations. Jute matting and herbicide treatments reduced weed competition and increased seedling growth to age 2 years in plantations of Eucalyptus dunnii and Eucalyptus saligna in northern NSW, Australia. Growth increased by 269 % (Experiment 1) and 196 % (Experiment 2) in the Jute and by 216 % (Experiment 2) in the Herbicide treatments when compared to the control (no weed control) at 2 years age. As the Jute material deteriorated, after nearly 2 years, weed cover increased and there were significantly more weeds present in the Jute treatment compared to the Herbicide treatment. Jute matting costs approximately 15 times more than the herbicide regime used and, therefore, could not presently be considered a viable option for weed control in commercial eucalypt plantations. Other weed control treatments, including hand weeding, sawdust and woodchip mulches, slashing and sowing cover crops did not effectively control weeds and did not improve survival or increase seedling growth to age 2 relative to the control. We conclude that herbicides remain the most cost-effective weed control option available to commercial growers of eucalypt plantations. 相似文献
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Bijan Payandeh 《New Forests》1988,2(3):145-160
Drainage and fertilization of an existing peatland black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) stand and 24 possible methods of planting a clear-cut area near Cochrane, Ontario were evaluated by means of a recently developed forestry investment decision model, FIDME.Results indicate that, on the basis of the cost estimates used and assumptions made, drainage of the existing stand is the most economical treatment if it can reduce the rotation age by 30 years or more. Drainage combined with fertilization is the second best alternative if this treatment can reduce the rotation age by 40 years or more. Fertilization of the undrained site ranks a distant third, and then only if it reduces the rotation age by 10 years; otherwise, it will be uneconomical to apply.In the case of the clear-cut area, planting bare-root stock on a mechanically prepared but undrained site without weed control ranked first among the 24 alternatives considered; the same treatment, but with weed control included, ranked second. Planting containerized seedlings on a mechanically prepared but undrained site with weed control ranked third, followed by planting bare-root stock on a mechanically prepared and drained site with weed control. In contrast, planting containerized seedlings on an unprepared site and with no weed control ranked as the least cost-effective method considered. 相似文献
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以长白落叶松播种苗（S1-0）圃地为对象，采用果尔、拿扑净和一定重量的水按4种不同配比的药液进行除草试验，结果表明：芽前杀草效果以“A35ml＋B40ml＋C”为最好，苗期喷施效果考虑幼苗受害率和杀草率，以“A30ml＋B40ml＋C”效果最佳。采用化学药剂除草较人工除草可提高工效5倍，除草667m^2可节约生产成本1120元。 相似文献
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为了控制水土流失和风沙危害,使林业生产与能源重化工开发、农牧业生产协调发展,本文应用系统动力学的原理和方法,建立了黄土高原地区林业发展战略目标的动态仿真模型.通过对中长期林业发展战略效益进行模拟,从中选择出适于本区林业发展的最忧决策,为制定本地区中长期林业发展规划决策提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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Herbicides and mechanical control of Imperata cylindrica as a first step in grassland rehabilitation
P. J. Terry G. Adjers I. O. Akobundu A. U. Anoka M. E. Drilling S. Tjitrosemito M. Utomo 《Agroforestry Systems》1996,36(1-3):151-179
This review is prefaced by an introduction to biological characteristics of Imperata cylindrica which relate to its control by chemical and mechanical methods. Of the many herbicides tested and used against I. cylindrica, glyphosate has became the market leader but the potential of imazapyr is also recognized. The activity of additives to improve glyphosate and imazapyr performance is summarised and linked to a review of spray volume rates and the use of three types of application equipment: hydraulic (knapsack) sprayers, spinning discs and weed wipers. An example of the practical use of glyphosate in an estate crop is given. The role of tillage in the management of I. cylindrica is discussed but emphasis is given to pressing as a technique for promoting natural regeneration of forestry species. An integrated approach is considered to be essential for the management of I. cylindrica whereby fire prevention and methods of control are deployed in the conversion of Imperata-dominated land into sustainable, productive systems. Examples are given of integrated management in commodity plantations, rehabilitation of Imperata grasslands through reforestation, and conservation tillage to sustain soil fertility and productivity. 相似文献
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Changes in soil carbon during the establishment of a hardwood plantation in subtropical Australia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Soil carbon (C) pools are not only important to governing soil properties and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems, but also play a critical role in global C cycling. Mulch and weed control treatments may alter soil C pools by changing organic matter inputs to the forest ecosystem. We studied the 12-month mulch and weed control responses on the chemical composition of soil organic C and the seasonal dynamics of water extractable organic C (WEOC), hot water extractable organic C (HWEOC), chloroform-released organic C (CHCl3-released C), and acid hydrolysed organic C (acid hydrolysable C) in a hardwood plantation of subtropical Australia. The results showed that compared with the non-mulch treatment, the mulch treatment significantly increased soil WEOC, HWEOC, and CHCl3-released C over the four sampling months. The weed control treatment significantly reduced the amount of HWEOC and CHCl3-released C compared with the no weed control treatment. Neither the mulch nor weed control treatment significantly affected soil acid hydrolysed organic C. There were no significant seasonal variations in soil WEOC, HWEOC, CHCl3-released C, and acid hydrolysed organic C in the hardwood plantation. Solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to study the structural chemistry of soil C pools in hydrofluoric acid (HF) treated soils collected 12 months after the mulch and weed control treatments were applied. Overall, O-alkyl C was the dominant C fraction, accounting for 33–43% of the total NMR signal intensity. The mulch treatment led to higher signal intensity in the alkyl C spectral region and A/O-A ratio (the ratio of alkyl C region intensity to O-alkyl C region intensity), but lower signal intensity in the aryl C and aromaticity. Compared with the no weed control treatment, the weed control treatment reduced signal intensity in the aryl C and aromaticity. Together, shifts in the amount and nature of soil C following the mulch and weed control treatments may be due to the changes in organic matter input and soil physical environment. 相似文献