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1.
研究旨在探讨日粮中添加不同水平的共轭亚油酸(conjugated linoleic acid,CLA)对奶山羊公羔肉用性能以及肌肉和脂肪中脂肪酸组成的影响。选择28只健康、体重相近(25.46±4.37kg)的关中奶山羊公羔,按随机区组试验设计原则等分为4组。每组7个重复,每个重复1只。对照组(C组)饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别饲喂添加1%(CLA1组)、2%(CLA2组)和3%(CLA3组)CLA油的试验日粮。试验期12周。结果表明:日粮中CLA添加水平对奶山羊公羔生长性能无显著影响(P>0.05);除CLA1组的胴体胸深显著高于CLA2组(P<0.05)、CLA1组的胸肌厚度显著高于对照组和CLA3组(P<0.05)外,其他肉用性能指标在各组间差异均不显著(P>0.05);肌肉和脂肪中顺-9,反-11-CLA、反-10,顺-12-CLA和总CLA的含量随日粮CLA添加水平的升高显著或极显著增加(P<0.05或P<0.01)。由此得出,日粮添加CLA可以提高肌肉和脂肪中CLA含量,改善羊肉品质。 相似文献
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选用12头荷斯坦奶牛随机分组饲喂4种日粮中的一种,采用重复4×4拉丁方设计,每期试验4周,研究饲喂鱼油(FO)、浓缩玉米酒糟可溶物(CDS)作为额外添加亚油酸或两者同时添加时对奶牛泌乳性能的影响。日粮中不添加FO和添加0.5%FO,不添加CDS和添加10?S,采用2×2因子试验设计。采用全混合日粮(TMR)自由采食,粗料和精料比例为55∶45(以干物质计),含16.2%粗蛋白质。对照组、FO组、CDS组和FOCDS组粗脂肪分别为2.86%、3.22%、4.77%和5.02%。FO组、CDS组及两者同时添加的日粮分别与不添加FO组和不添加CDS的日粮组相比,对干物质采食量、饲料转化率、体增重和体况评分无显著影响。各日粮组乳蛋白产量(33.3 kg/d)、能量校正乳、乳蛋白、乳糖和乳中尿素氮相近。与不饲喂FO和CDS相比,饲喂FO和CDS降低乳脂百分率(4个试验组分别为3.85%、3.39%、3.33%和3.12%)和乳脂产量。饲喂FO和CDS提高trans-11 C18∶1(十八碳烯酸),cis-9,trans-11共轭亚油酸(每100 g脂肪酸中CLA含量分别为0.52、0.90、1.11和1.52 g)和trans-10 cis-12 CLA浓度(100 g脂肪酸中分别为0.07、0.14、0.13和0.16 g)。FO和CDS对cis-9,trans-11 CLA的影响没有互作作用,但对十八碳烯酸趋于提高方面存在互作作用。添加CDS可提高trans-10 C18∶1,饲喂FO和CDS血浆中十八碳烯酸与cis-9,trans-11 CLA比率高于乳脂中的比率,这表明饲喂FO和CDS促进乳腺组织中十八碳烯酸合成cis-9,trans-11 CLA。日粮中添加占干物质0.5%的鱼油和富含C18∶2 n-6脂肪酸的CDS提高牛奶中CLA含量,降低乳脂百分率。 相似文献
3.
鱼油与硒对饲喂亚麻籽日粮绵羊体组织脂肪酸组成及抗氧化的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
研究0.33%鱼油与2mg/kgDM的有机硒对饲喂亚麻籽日粮的绵羊体组织脂肪酸组成及抗氧化功能的影响。初步探讨在绵羊日粮中添加亚麻籽提高体组织CLA含量的同时,再添加鱼油和硒是否能进一步提高CLA含量。选用体重相近,健康的杂交一代公羔羊16只,随机分为4组。4组日粮为对照组LD组(基础日粮+10%亚麻籽),LF组(基础日粮+0.33%鱼油+9.17%亚麻籽,其中0.33%鱼油+9.17%亚麻籽所含脂肪与10%亚麻籽脂肪含量相等),LDSe组(基础日粮+10%亚麻籽+2mg Se/kgDM);LFSe组(基础日粮+0.33%鱼油+9.17%亚麻籽+2mgSe/kg DM),硒以有机硒的形式添加。结果表明:硒的添加对绵羊血浆抗氧化功能无显著影响(P<0.05),可能是受基础日粮硒浓度的影响;亚麻籽日粮中添加0.33%鱼油提高了绵羊体组织cis-9,trans-11-CLA和trans-11-C18:1含量。亚麻籽日粮中添加2mg Se/kg DM的有机硒对绵羊体组织脂肪酸组成没有显著影响。鱼油与有机硒的添加对绵羊不同组织△9-脱氢酶活性各组间影响差异不显著。由此表明,日粮中联合添加亚麻籽+鱼油以提高组织CLA含量的效果优于单独添加亚麻籽。 相似文献
4.
在泌乳期奶牛日粮中添加trans-18：1亚油酸钙盐(Ca-tFA)或共轭亚油酸钙盐(Ca-CLA)测定乳脂变化。45头荷斯坦奶牛(115d，产奶期)，饲喂添加400g EnerG Ⅱ(棕榈油脂肪酸钙盐)对照日粮(51％饲草，以干物质为基础)2周；之后，采用随机区组设计分为5组，每组9头，分别饲喂对照日粮、添加100g Ca-CLA的日粮和分别添加100、200、400g Ca-tFA的日粮，饲喂4周。各处理组奶牛的干物质进食量、产奶量、乳蛋白、乳糖和体细胞数没有受到影响。乳脂率从3．39％(对照组)降到3．3％(100g Ca-tFA)、3．04％(200g Ca-tFA)、2．98％(400g Ca-tFA)和2．54％(Ca-CLA)。乳脂量(对照组1．24kg／d)随Ca-tFA添加量的增加分别下降了60、130、190g／d，Ca-CLA组下降了290g／d。添加Ca-tFA增加了内源cis-9-共轭亚油酸的合成。所以日粮中添加Ca-CLA或Ca-tFA乳中总CLA含量相似。与对照组相比，添加Ca-CLA增加了乳中trans-10 CLA、cis-12-18：2CLA的含量，但trans-18：1CLA异构体的水平没有改变；添加Ca-tFA组乳中多数的trans-18：1CLA异构体含量增加，但trans-10、cis-12-18：2CLA的含量与对照组相似。结论：乳脂降低与乳中trans-10CLA、cis-12-18：2CLA和其它成分的含量无关，可能与trans-10-18：1CLA异构体有关。 相似文献
5.
共轭亚油酸对北京油鸡肉品质及血清leptin和脂蛋白脂酶的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
选用1日龄北京油鸡公雏360只,随机分成5个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复12只鸡,饲喂玉米豆粕型饲料基础日粮,添加0、0.25%、0.5%、1%、2%共轭亚油酸(CLA),用以研究CLA对北京油鸡脂类代谢和肉质性状的长期影响,试验期18周。结果表明:饲粮CLA提高了饲料利用率(P<0.05),显著性地降低了北京油鸡腹脂率和血清中脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)、leptin,显著增加了肌内脂肪的含量(P<0.05),但对pH值和肉色无显著性影响(P>0.05)。 相似文献
6.
文章旨在评估日粮添加棕榈油酸钙和包被共轭亚油酸对瘤胃氢化和长链脂肪酸从十二指肠到乳转化的影响。试验将12只体重(61.9±8.57)kg处于泌乳期的多胎次萨能奶山羊随机分为2组,每组6个重复,每个重复1只羊。两个试验组分别在基础日粮中补充50g棕榈油酸钙和包被共轭亚油酸,试验共开展42d。结果显示,两个试验组对山羊干物质、有机物、中性洗涤纤维、淀粉摄入量及养分在十二指肠流量和瘤胃表观消化率均无显著影响(P>0.05)。与棕榈油酸钙组相比,包被共轭亚油酸组有降低干物质和中性洗涤纤维消化率的趋势(P=0.08),但处理组对淀粉消化率无显著影响(P>0.05)。山羊饲喂棕榈油酸钙或包被共轭亚油酸日粮后,脂肪酸的十二指肠流量高于脂肪酸摄入量。包被共轭亚油酸增加了C18:2trans-10,cis-12和C18:2cis-9,trans-11的十二指肠流量,导致两种脂肪酸对瘤胃的氢化保护率均达到16%。C18:1cis-9、C18:2cis-9,12、C18:3cis-9,12,15的瘤胃生物氢化不受包被共轭亚油酸处理的影响(P>0.05)。综上所述,与添加棕榈油钙相比,在奶山羊中饲喂不受瘤胃生物氢化包被共轭亚油酸对干物质、有机物、中性洗涤纤维、淀粉摄入量、十二指肠流量及瘤胃表观消化率无显著影响。包被共轭亚油酸增加了十二指肠的流量和C18:2trans-10,cis-12和C18:2cis-9,trans-11的比例,使瘤胃生物氢化保护率达到15%~16%。 相似文献
7.
选择120只健康、体重(11.77±0.70)kg的黄淮白山羊公羔,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复5只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别用2.5%、5.0%和7.5%CLA发酵豆粕等量替代基础日粮中普通豆粕,预饲期为10 d,正式试验期为30 d。结果表明:CLA发酵豆粕对黄淮白山羊公羔的生长性能均无显著影响(P>0.05);试验Ⅲ组的胴体骨重显著高于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05),试验Ⅲ组的骨肉比极显著高于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P<0.01),其他胴体性能无显著差异(P>0.05);CLA发酵豆粕对黄淮白山羊公羔的肉品质而及羔羊肌肉的化学指标均无显著影响(P>0.05)。 相似文献
8.
日粮中添加谷氨酰胺对肉仔鸡肉品质和抗氧化指标的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本试验旨在研究外源添加谷氨酰胺(Gln)对肉仔鸡肉品质的影响,并对肌肉中风味物质和抗氧化指标进行分析,探讨其对肉质的影响机理.选用1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡360羽,随机分成4组(每组6个重复,每个重复15羽),对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂在基础日粮中分别添加了0.5%、1.0%、1.5%谷氨酰胺的试验日粮.于42日龄进行屠宰取样,测定各项指标.结果表明,与对照组相比,各试验组鸡的肌肉系水力和pH均有所提高(P>0.05),皮脂厚和肌间脂肪宽度有所降低(P>0.05);肌肉中胶原蛋白含量显著增加(P<0.05);胸肌中必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸含量都显著增加(P<0.05),谷氨酸和苯丙氨酸含量亦显著增加(P<0.05);1.0%和1.5%添加组肌苷酸含量有所提高(P>0.05);1.0%Gln组胸肌中丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05),各试验组胸肌中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力有升高的趋势(P>0.05);0.5%和1.0%Gln组血清中SOD和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力显著提高(P<0.05).以上表明,日粮添加Gln可改善肉仔鸡肉品质,提高鸡肉的鲜味和抗氧化能力,以0.5%的Gln添加量效果最佳. 相似文献
9.
《中国畜牧兽医》2005,32(11):27
本试验旨在研究日粮中添加植物油对高产奶牛生产性能和乳脂中共轭亚油酸(CLA)含量的影响.采用12头泌乳早期(产后30～45 d)荷斯坦奶牛进行三重4×4拉丁方设计.每期试验基础日粮相同,设4个处理组:①对照组(不加油);②添加500 g棉籽油;③添加500 g大豆油;④添加500 g玉米油;每期试验3周,其中前2周为过渡期.试验结果表明日粮中添加植物油有提高产奶量的趋势(棉籽油组产奶量达35.0 kg/d,对照组产奶量34.4 kg/d).乳脂率降低,但乳蛋白率、乳蛋白产量和乳脂产量没有影响.大豆油组乳脂中trans-11 C18∶1含量最高 (23.8 mg/g乳脂),是对照组(12.6 mg/g乳脂)的2倍.与对照组(3.5 mg/g)相比,棉籽油组、玉米油组和大豆油组乳脂中cis-9,trans-11 CLA含量分别提高到6.0、7.1和10.3 mg/g.trans-11 C18∶1与cis-9,trans-11 CLA呈显著的线型关系.添加植物油使奶牛血浆总脂肪酸含量提高2倍,不同来源植物油的试验组差异不显著.大豆油组和棉籽油组奶牛血浆中硬脂酸含量显著高于玉米油组和对照组.添加植物油组奶牛血浆中trans-11 C18∶1显著高于对照组.日粮中添加CLA有提高产奶量的趋势,可显著提高乳脂中CLA含量,大豆油是提高乳脂中CLA含量较为理想的植物油来源. 相似文献
10.
《饲料工业》2019,(15):44-48
旨在研究不同脂肪含量的饲粮中添加沙棘黄酮对阿勒泰羊冬羔生长性能、屠宰性能和脂肪酶酶活的影响。选取健康的5月龄体重相近的阿勒泰羊冬公羔羊40只,随机分成4组,每组10只。Con1组、Con2组分别饲喂低脂饲粮、高脂饲粮,LSL组、HSL组为试验组,分别在Con1和Con2中添加质量分数为0.25%的沙棘黄酮。预试期10 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:①1～60 d,Con2显著提高日增重(P<0.05),Con2和HSL干物质采食量显著增加(P<0.01)。②与Con2组相比,HSL组屠宰率、肌肉/胴体显著提高(P<0.05);但脂肪/胴体显著降低(P<0.05)。③从背最长肌营养成分来看,LSL组脂肪含量显著低于Con1组(P<0.05);试验组黄酮含量极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);试验组饱和脂肪酸含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。④对照组PPAR-γ的含量显著高于LSL组(P<0.05);而p-AMPK正好相反,LSL组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结果显示:在低脂肪含量日粮中添加沙棘黄酮可以提高采食量。在高脂肪日粮中添加沙棘黄酮降低日增重。添加沙棘黄酮,降低脂肪,尤其是皮下脂肪在胴体中的比重,从而提高肌肉率,尤其是脂肪含量高的日粮效果更明显。沙棘黄酮通过调节p-AMPK-PPAR-γ信号通路发挥作用,从而降低肌肉中脂肪的含量。 相似文献
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12.
Pinard CL Weiss ML Brightman AH Fenwick BW Davidson HJ 《American journal of veterinary research》2003,64(1):104-108
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate lactoferrin and lysozyme content in various ocular glands of bison and cattle and in tears of bison. SAMPLE POPULATION: Tissues of ocular glands obtained from 15 bison and 15 cattle and tears collected from 38 bison. PROCEDURE: Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect lysozyme and lactoferrin in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of the ocular glands. Protein gel electrophoresis was used to analyze ocular glands and pooled bison tears by use of a tris-glycine gel and SDS-PAGE. Western blotting was used to detect lactoferrin and lysozyme. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical staining for lactoferrin was evident in the lacrimal gland and gland of the third eyelid in cattle and bison and the deep gland of the third eyelid (Harder's gland) in cattle. Equivocal staining for lactoferrin was seen for the Harder's gland in bison. An 80-kd band (lactoferrin) was detected via electrophoresis and western blots in the lacrimal gland and gland of the third eyelid in cattle and bison, Harder's glands of cattle, and bison tears. An inconsistent band was seen in Harder's glands of bison. Lysozyme was not detected in the lacrimal gland of cattle or bison with the use of immunohistochemical analysis or western blots. Western blots of bison tears did not reveal lysozyme. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Distribution of lactoferrin and a lack of lysozyme are similar in the lacrimal gland of cattle and bison. Differences in other tear components may be responsible for variability in the susceptibility to infectious corneal diseases that exists between bison and cattle. 相似文献
13.
桑树的遗传变异特点及在品种选育中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国具有悠久的桑树栽培历史,拥有3 000余份桑树种质资源,分属15个桑种和4个变种,并逐渐形成适应不同生长环境的8个生态类型。依据已有的研究结果,综述桑树遗传变异的特点包括:广泛分布、自然有性杂交和异花授粉以及缺乏稳定性选择等,促进了桑树的突变发生,形成遗传变异的多样性;无性繁殖方式产生了丰富的无性系变异;性状遗传值中非加性效应占有较大比例;无性系品种间杂种一代存在复杂的多样性分离和经济性状的普遍退化;存在丰富的多倍体系列和普遍的混倍现象等。对桑树品种选育研究提出建议:基于桑树的高度杂合习性,不仅要重视研究不同品种中加性效应在遗传值中所占比率,更要研究非加性效应所占比率及充分利用的方法;基于桑树遗传变异的多样性和丰富的无性系变异,加强无性系和田间选优育种;利用桑树混倍现象,将培育多倍体特别是三倍体品种作为一条有效的多倍体育种途径。 相似文献
14.
The study deals with the situation regarding housing of dogs and cats in Swiss shelters and kennels. In shelters, dogs were mainly held inside a cubicle with a small outside yard. In kennels, housing of dogs took place mainly in inside rooms. Usually two or three dogs were kept together. Cats were held in rooms, with or without outside yards, mainly in groups; no establishment preferred exclusively the housing in cubicles. Shelters received on average 183 dogs and 262 cats each year. Among them, about a third were lost animals while the remaining ones were relinquished. The study highlights some possibilities for improvements and the great diversity of the establishments regarding their size, infrastructure, housing conditions and aims. 相似文献
15.
Siamudaala VM Bwalya JM Munang'andu HM Munag'andu HM Sinyangwe PG Banda F Mweene AS Takada A Kida H 《The Japanese journal of veterinary research》2006,54(1):15-23
Anthrax is endemic in Western and North-western Provinces of Zambia. The disease occurs throughout the year and impacts negatively on the economy of the livestock industry and public health in Zambia. During 1989-1995, there were 1626 suspected cases of anthrax in cattle in Western province and of these 51 were confirmed. There were 220 cases of human anthrax cases in 1990 alone and 248 cases during 1991-1998 with 19.1% and 7.7% case fatality rates, respectively. Interplay of the ecology of affected areas and anthropogenic factors seem to trigger anthrax epidemics. Anthrax has drawn considerable attention in recent years due to its potential use as a biological weapon. In this paper, the history, current status and approaches towards the control of the disease in Zambia are discussed. Quarantine measures restrict trade of livestock and exchange of animals for draught power resulting in poor food security at household levels. Challenges of anthrax control are complex and comprise of socio-political, economical, environmental and cultural factors. Inadequate funding, lack of innovative disease control strategies and lack of cooperation from stakeholders are the major constraints to the control of the disease. It is hoped that the information provided here will stimulate continued awareness for the veterinary and medical authorities to maintain their surveillance and capabilities against the disease. This may lead to a culminating positive impact on livestock and human health in the southern African region. 相似文献
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17.
b. bengtsson s-o. jacobsson j. luthman & a. franklin 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1997,20(4):258-261
Concentrations of penicillin-G in serum were determined after single intravenous doses of potassium penicillin-G (10 mg/kg body wt) to ewes and cows in late pregnancy and in early lactation. Penicillin-G in serum was analysed by a microbiological method and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by model-independent methods. Serum concentrations were lower in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. The differences were statistically significant at most sampling times in ewes but only during the first hour in cows.
Weight corrected values of clearance and volume of distribution were significantly higher in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. Mean residence time and elimination-half life were shorter in lactating than in pregnant ewes, however for the latter parameter the difference was not statistically significant. Neither of these parameters changed in cows.
It is concluded that in both ewes and cows pharmacokinetic parameters of penicillin-G are altered from late pregnancy to early lactation but that these changes have little practical impact and do not call for a revised dosage regime of the studied drug. 相似文献
Weight corrected values of clearance and volume of distribution were significantly higher in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. Mean residence time and elimination-half life were shorter in lactating than in pregnant ewes, however for the latter parameter the difference was not statistically significant. Neither of these parameters changed in cows.
It is concluded that in both ewes and cows pharmacokinetic parameters of penicillin-G are altered from late pregnancy to early lactation but that these changes have little practical impact and do not call for a revised dosage regime of the studied drug. 相似文献
18.
Ismail Saidi Selemani Lars Olav Eik Øystein Holand Tormod Ådnøy Ephraim Mtengeti Daniel Mushi 《Livestock Science》2013,157(1):173-183
The study was conducted to assess the effects of seasonal variation in the quality and quantity of pasture and management of livestock exclosures (ngitili) on the grazing behavior of cattle and goats. The study was 2×2×2 factorial design with three independent variables: season (Dry or Rainy), ngitili management (Private or Communal) and animal species (Cattle or Goats). Focal and scan observation methods were used to record different behavioral activities. Vegetation attributes from the study areas were measured in two consecutive seasons. Most key forage species had significant higher crude protein (CP) content and in vitro organic matter digestibility (INVOMD) in rainy than in dry season (P<0.05), but Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) and Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) did not vary significantly with season (P>0.05). ADF and NDF were significantly higher in species from communal ngitili than those from private ngitili (P<0.05). Above-ground herbaceous biomass and bulk density (BD) were significantly higher in the rainy season and in the private ngitili than in the dry season and in the communal ngitili respectively. Cattle and goats spent considerably more time grazing and browsing respectively in the rainy season than in the dry season (P<0.05). Cattle foraging activities did not vary significantly (P>0.05) with ngitili management, but goats found to spend considerably more time browsing in the communal ngitili and more time grazing in the private ngitili (P<0.05). Despite the merits of stocking cattle and goats together in the heterogeneous pasture, seasonal variation in forage resources requires investigation of other strategies such as use of multipurpose trees and treatment of crop residues to improve livestock production. 相似文献
19.
兰州地区苜蓿和红豆草根际溶磷菌筛选及菌株部分特性研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
利用溶磷圈法对苜蓿和红豆草根际不同部位溶磷细菌进行了分离,共获得分离物386个,其中137个具有溶磷能力.苜蓿和红豆草根际不同部位溶磷菌数量分布有差异.其数量为RS>RP>NRS>HP.对筛选获得的12株溶磷圈较大的菌株进行菌落形态特征观察发现,大多数菌落呈灰白色或乳白色、不规则、半透明、边缘不整齐、突起、无光泽、无色素.进一步利用钼蓝比色法对菌株分解磷矿粉能力测定显示,各菌株分解磷矿粉能力差异较大,溶磷量最大为338.4mg/ml,最小为25.9mg/ml,这与其自身溶磷机制有关.溶磷量与菌株培养液pH值之间存在显著相关性.12株菌株大部分具有分泌IAA的能力,其中LM6和LH9分泌IAA能力较强. 相似文献