共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
探讨大田条件下,施镁对缺镁葡萄叶片光合速率和叶绿素荧光特性的影响,为葡萄科学施肥提供理论依据。采用裂区试验,主区设4个土施硫酸镁梯度,为0、112.5、150、187.5 kg/hm~2,副区设3个叶面喷施硫酸镁浓度,分别是0%、0.2%、0.4%。土施和叶面喷施镁肥能够显著提高叶片镁含量,土施150 kg/hm~2同时叶面喷施0.4%硫酸镁肥后,叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率、实际光量子产量、表观光合电子传递速率、原初光化学效率、光化学淬灭、非光化学淬灭维持在较高水平,初始荧光最低。缺镁土壤适量施镁(如土施150 kg/hm~2同时叶面喷施0.4%硫酸镁肥)能够显著增加叶片中镁和叶绿素含量,提高净光合速率,增加PSⅡ天线色素的非光化学能力耗散,缓解光系统受损程度,同时保持PSⅡ原处光能转换效率和潜在活性,但施镁量过大,气孔导度降低,净光合速率下降。 相似文献
2.
探讨大田条件下,施镁对缺镁葡萄叶片糖、淀粉和蛋白质及果实品质的影响,为葡萄科学施肥提供理论依据。采用裂区试验,主区设4个土施硫酸镁梯度,为0、112.5、150、187.5 kg/hm~2,副区设3个叶面喷施硫酸镁浓度,分别是0%、0.2%、0.4%。结果发现:土施和叶面喷施镁肥能够显著提高叶片镁含量,提升硝酸还原酶活性,增加可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量,并促进淀粉转运,减少其在叶片中的积累,最终增加果皮花色素含量,使果皮显著变红,并提高果实可溶性固形物含量,降低可滴定酸含量,提升了果实外在和内在品质。土施150 kg/hm~2同时叶面喷施0.4%硫酸镁肥时,叶片镁含量处于适量标准,硝酸还原酶活性高,叶片可溶性蛋白和糖含量高,果皮红,果实糖高酸低,施镁效果最好。 相似文献
3.
在大田条件下,对缺镁的葡萄园进行了土施和叶面喷施硫酸镁肥的试验,探讨缺镁条件下,施镁对葡萄叶片和果实矿质营养吸收的影响,为葡萄施肥提供理论依据。采用裂区试验,主区设4个土施硫酸镁梯度,分别为0、112.5、150、187.5 kg/hm2,副区设3个叶面喷施硫酸镁浓度,分别是0%、0.2%、0.4%。结果表明:土施和叶面喷施硫酸镁在增加缺镁葡萄镁含量的同时,促进了钾、钙和锰的吸收,但降低了叶片和果实中锌含量,对铁和铜的影响不显著。土施镁肥极显著增加了叶片和果实中镁含量,叶面喷施极显著增加了叶片镁含量,但对果实镁含量影响不显著;土施150 kg/hm2同时叶面喷施0.4%硫酸镁肥,可提高叶片和果实中镁及其它矿质元素的含量。 相似文献
4.
以7年生酿酒葡萄赤霞珠(Vitis vinifera L. Cabernet Sauvignon)为研究对象,在常规施肥的基础上分别设置5个喷施+滴施镁肥处理(S1F1、S2F2、S3F3、S4F4、S5F5)和5个滴施镁肥处理(S6F0、S7F0、S8F0、S9F0、S10F0),探究不同施镁量和施镁方式对酿酒葡萄光合特性、产量品质以及经济效益的影响。结果表明,滴施和叶面喷施镁肥均能显著提高叶片的光合特性,改善葡萄浆果形态,提高果实产量,并促进浆果中可滴定酸、单宁、总酚和花色苷的积累,提升果实品质。其中,叶面喷施0.135%+滴施161.8 kg/hm2镁肥和滴施323.7 kg/hm2镁肥的产量较未施镁处理S0F0分别提高了23.8%和22.0%,经济效益提高了36.1%和32.8%。处理S3F3的经济效益最高,产投比最大,肥料利用率也更高,是该土壤条件下最佳的施镁措施。 相似文献
5.
探讨大田条件下,补镁对缺镁葡萄叶片活性氧含量、保护酶活性和产量的影响,为葡萄科学施肥提供理论依据。采用裂区试验,主区设4个土施硫酸镁梯度,分别为0、112. 5、150、187. 5 kg/hm~2,副区设3个叶面喷施硫酸镁浓度,分别是0%、0. 2%、0. 4%。结果发现:葡萄缺镁时,叶片超氧阴离子产生速率加快,过氧化氢含量增加,超氧化物歧化酶活性升高,但过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性显著降低,叶片脯氨酸和丙二醛含量升高,生物膜受到伤害。通过土施和叶面喷施的方式适量补镁,葡萄叶片活性氧产生速率降低,同时保护酶过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性增加,膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛含量降低,生物膜的受伤程度得到缓解,叶片衰老速率降低,葡萄产量提高,但当施入量过大对生物膜受伤程度的缓解效果降低,葡萄产量降低。土施150 kg/hm~2同时叶面喷施0. 4%硫酸镁肥时,叶片超氧阴离子产生速率低,过氧化氢含量少,膜质过氧化产物丙二醛含量低,葡萄产量高,是该土壤环境下的最佳补镁措施。 相似文献
6.
田间试验研究了常规施肥基础上花前增施镁肥对芒果果实产量、品质及经济效益的影响。试验设3个处理,空白对照、常规施肥和增施Mg肥。结果表明:与常规施肥相比,增施Mg肥处理芒果单株产量可达24.12 kg/株,折合产量12.06 t/hm~2,增产9.7%;果实营养品质得到提升,可溶性固形物含量提高9.6%,可滴定酸降低14.6%,固酸比提高28.1%;净收入较常规施肥处理高5 429元/hm~2,提高21.2%。土壤增施镁肥是提升芒果产量与品质的有效措施。 相似文献
7.
在山西临汾盆地石灰性褐土进行冬小麦田间试验,在底施NPK肥的基础上,研究了在拔节中期和抽穗前期叶面喷施锌、铁和硒对"济麦22"产量及其构成因素、成熟期地上部分各器官微量元素含量和分配比例的影响。结果表明:叶面喷施3种微肥提高了小麦产量及其构成因素,增产效果为FeSeZn,喷施铁肥与喷施清水相比差异显著;叶面喷施微肥使籽粒、茎叶和颖壳中对应微量元素的含量提高,其中喷施硒肥效果最为明显,喷施锌肥次之;籽粒对3种元素的吸收相互影响,铁对锌单向拮抗,锌与硒、铁与硒相互促进;叶面喷施微肥使锌在籽粒中分配比例稍高于茎叶+颖壳,铁在籽粒中分配比例仅6.87%~8.25%,硒在籽粒中的分配比例稍低于茎叶+颖壳。建议临汾盆地在小麦拔节中期和抽穗前期对冬小麦叶面喷施0.4%ZnSO_4·7H_2O溶液750 kg/hm~(2)和0.017%Na_2SeO_3溶液750 kg/hm~(2),可显著提高籽粒中的锌、硒含量,从而改善籽粒品质;叶面喷施0.3%FeSO_4·7H_2O溶液750 kg/hm~(2)对产量有一定的提升作用。 相似文献
8.
9.
红壤地区是我国重要的油菜种植区,研究直播冬油菜硼肥施用效果,为直播油菜科学施硼提供理论依据,对促进区域油菜产业发展有重要意义。2017—2018年在江西、湖南、湖北南部和广西北部油菜主产区布置7个硼肥大田试验,设置不施硼、施硼肥(含硼量100 g·kg~(–1))4.5 kg·hm~(–2)、9.0 kg·hm~(–2)、13.5 kg·hm~(–2)四个处理。结果表明,红壤地区土壤有效硼普遍含量低,直播油菜施硼增产效果显著,油菜籽平均产量和施硼经济效益在硼肥用量9.0kg·hm~(–2)时最高,与不施硼相比增产1 021 kg·hm~(–2),增产率达110.6%,分别较施用硼肥4.5 kg·hm~(–2)和13.5 kg·hm~(–2)增产16.6%和3.1%。施硼显著增加直播油菜收获密度、单株角果数和每角粒数,进而增加了油菜产量;同时硼肥的施用可显著提高油菜籽的含油率、油酸和亚油酸含量,与不施硼相比,施用硼肥9.0 kg·hm~(–2)处理各品质指标分别增加26.9%、45.9%和72.6%,相应增加产油量136.1%。在硼肥用量13.5 kg·hm~(–2)范围内,油菜地上部硼含量和硼累积量随着施硼量的增加而增加,但硼肥利用率呈现降低的趋势,硼肥用量为9.0 kg·hm~(–2)处理的硼肥当季利用率也仅为9.4%。综合结果显示,红壤地区直播油菜施硼增产增收效果显著,直播油菜生产中应重视硼肥的合理施用,区域硼肥的推荐用量为9.0 kg·hm~(–2)左右。 相似文献
10.
安徽省油菜钾肥施用效果及土壤速效钾丰缺指标研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
2005—2009连续4个年度在安徽省冬油菜生产区布置油菜钾肥肥效试验73个,研究施用钾肥对油菜产量和经济效益的影响;并通过建立油菜籽粒相对产量和土壤速效钾含量的关系,确定土壤速效钾丰缺指标。结果表明,油菜施用钾肥具有明显的增产效果,施钾后油菜平均产量达2 558 kg/hm~2,比不施钾增产509 kg/hm~2,增产率为28.1%。施钾每公顷平均增收1 349元,67.1%的试验点产投比2.0,施钾收益显著。13.7%的试验点施钾后增产不增收。以相对产量60%、60%~75%、75%~90%、90%~95%和95%为标准,将土壤速效钾分为"严重缺乏"、"缺乏"、"轻度缺乏"、"适宜"和"丰富"5个等级,处于各等级的土壤面积的比例分别为2.7%、17.8%、65.8%、6.8%和6.8%,对应的丰缺指标分别为30、30~60、60~110、110~140和140 mg/kg。此研究建立的土壤速效钾丰缺指标可为安徽省冬油菜的钾肥管理提供依据。 相似文献
11.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(10):1053-1070
Abstract Four liming and Mg materials were compared in a greenhouse experiment with soybeans for their ability to raise soil pH, supply Mg, and their effect on the availability of Mn, Cu, Fe, and Zn. Three materials were added at rates of 0, 1, and 2 times the lime requirement, calcitic lime, dolomitic lime, and Hydra‐Mag (an industrial by‐product containing 20% Mg). Sul‐Po‐Mag was the fourth material added as a plus Mg check at a rate based on an equivalent amount of Mg to that supplied by Hydra‐Mag. Plant growth, plant tissue element content and extractable soil elements were determined after growing the soybeans for 5 weeks. Plants in treatments where no lime/Mg materials were added were very small due possibly to Mg deficiency and Al toxicity. The 1 and 2 times rates of the materials gave about equal growth except that the high Sul‐Po‐Mag rate caused salt injury. Hydra‐Mag increased soil pH more than calcitic lime which increased soil pH more than dolomitic lime. Soil and plant Mg levels were increased more by Hydra‐Mag than dolomitic lime when applied at equivalent rates based on the lime requirement. Dolomitic lime gave very good plant growth indicating that it made adequate amounts of Mg available. Hydra‐Mag reduced plant and extractable soil Zn, Cu, and Fe but no more so than calcitic or dolomitic lime. Hydra‐Mag reduced plant Mn more than for the other limes. 相似文献
12.
冲积潮土镁的释放特征及相对植物有效性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Experiments including two in laboratory and one in greenhouse were carried out to study non-exchangeable magnesium release from fluvo-aquic soils sampled from Daxing and Changping counties located in the suburbs of Beijing and Mg relative availability of the two soils to plants.In a batch experiment in labortory the soils were incubated under wet conditions and alternation of dry and wet conditions and determined for amount of Mg relesed at the 4th,8th and 12th week,respectively,after extraction of exchangeable Mg with 1molL^-1 NH4Ac.The amount of Mg released from the soil of Daxing was higher than from the soil of Changping,which was in accordance with the fact that the soil of Daxing had higher contents of all forms of Mg than that of Changping.There was little difference in Mg release from soils between wet conditions and alternation of dry and wet conditions.About 1%-2% of the total non-exchangeable Mg might be released within 12 weeks of incubation.restoring about 30%-35% of the original soil exchangeable Mg.Results of the experiment on kinetics of Mg release from the soils through continuous extractions with 0.5molL^-1 NH4Ac(pH7.0) on a continuous flow apparatus in laboratory showed that Mg released rapidly in the beginning,decreased sharply with time and kept stable at 60 and 240 min for the soile of Changping and Daxing,respectively,Among the five mathematical models used to describe the kinetics of Mg release,the parabolic diffusion equation best fitted the cumulative Mg release,indicating that diffusion of Mg out of the soils might be the controlling processa.The experiment of exhaustive cropping with 1 crop of tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) followed by six crops of corn(Zea mays L.)in greenhouse showed that soil exchangeable Mg decreased remarkably with cropping .After three crops,the percentage of the total plant Mg uptake that came from soil non-exchangeable Mg was 29.5% for the soil from Changping and 35% for the soil from Daxing,About 50% of the total Mg uptake by plants in the six crops was believed to come from the soil non-exchangeable Mg form. 相似文献
13.
从南方各地采集7种不同类型土壤126个样品,测定土壤有效镁含量.结果表明,平均有效镁含量37.2mg/kg.几种土壤类型供镁能力排序为:水稻土＞棕色石灰土＞暗泥质砖红壤＞泥质红壤＞麻硅质红壤＞硅质红壤＞红土质红壤.同样母质发育红壤,其有效镁的含量与植被种类覆盖、土壤侵蚀程度有关,说明植被生态环境对土壤质量产生重要作用.盆栽试验表明,不同镁肥用量对玉米生物量均有不同程度增加,施镁的增产幅度受土壤施钾水平的制约,大量施用钾肥,更引起土壤供镁量不足,钾与镁有相互制约的作用.大田施用镁肥,以红壤旱地上黄豆、花生增产幅度最大达25%～40%,其次是茶叶、烤烟,增产幅度20%～25%,水稻增产幅度较少仅有6%左右.施镁肥增产幅度与土壤有效镁含量和作物品种有关.镁肥品种以含镁石灰性物质或水溶性镁化合物较好. 相似文献
14.
我国土壤有效镁含量及分布状况与含镁肥料的应用前景研究 总被引：19，自引：2，他引：19
本文采用土壤养分系统研究法,分析了我国31个省(市、自治区)的17790个土壤样品中有效镁的含量,结果表明:我国土壤有效镁含量从1 2mg/L到4468 9mg/L不等,平均含量为320 6mg/L。地区间变异性较大。根据土壤系统研究法的养分评价指标,我国土壤有效镁含量处于严重缺乏状态的土壤占8%,处于缺乏状态的土壤占13%,处于中等水平的占33%,而处于丰富和极丰富状态的分别占34%和12%。有54%的土壤需要不同程度的补充镁素肥料;我国土壤有效镁含量较低的区域主要集中在长江以南地区,主要省份有福建、江西、广东、广西、贵州、湖南和湖北等省份。根据我国土壤有效镁含量判断,每年我国土壤需要补充984万吨的含镁肥料。 相似文献
15.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(5):397-405
Abstract A second order equation best described the relationship between exchangeable Mg and both total and acid‐soluble Mg in select temperate and tropical soils. The relationship between acid‐soluble and total Mg was linear. Soil types differ in their Mg contents. On a per unit weight of material bases the finer soil particles contained more than 95 percent of the total soil inorganic magnesium. In tropical soils, as in temperate soils, the total Mg content of surface horizons tends to decrease with severe weathering, soil erosion and movement of soil colloidal particles down the profile. 相似文献
16.
17.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(11-12):2159-2169
Abstract Little research has been conducted on magnesium (Mg) nutrition of taro [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott cv. ‘Bun Long']. In this study, we evaluated the effects of varying levels of Mg (0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mM) on taro plants grown hydroponically for 33 days. Magnesium treatment effects were evaluated for dry matter biomass, leaf area, and N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and B concentrations of old and young leaves. Dry matter of leaves (young, old, and total), roots, corms, petioles, and total biomass were significantly higher in all plus‐Mg treatments than in the zero‐Mg treatment. These same biomass parameters were not different among treatments with Mg (0.05 to 0.8 mM). Leaf area (young, old, and total) did not differ significantly with varying levels of Mg. A quadratic model described the relationship between Mg levels in leaves and solution Mg (r2 = 0.99). Young and old leaf Mg concentrations did not differ. Total leaf Mg concentration ranged from 0.07% to 0.42% for the lowest and highest Mg levels in solution, respectively. Leaf Mg effects on total leaf DM was best fit using segmented regression (r2 = 0.95), with a corresponding critical leaf Mg concentration (95% of maximum predicted leaf DM) of 0.14%. No significant interactions were observed between Mg and other mineral nutrients. Critical leaf Mg concentration is based on the vegetative growth stage of taro and could be a key index for taro producers who emphasize vegetable leaf, rather than corm production. 相似文献