共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
H. Grabherr M. Spolders M. Fürll G. Flachowsky 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2009,93(2):221-236
The object of the present study was to determine the influence of different zeolite A doses on dry matter intake (DMI) and mineral metabolism, and to evaluate an optimum dosage for preventing hypocalcaemia. Eighty pregnant dry cows were assigned to four groups (I–IV). They were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) ad libitum. Groups II, III and IV received an average daily dose of 12, 23 and 43 g zeolite A/kg DM for the last 2 weeks prepartum. Individually DMI was recorded daily. Blood and urine samples were taken before, during and after zeolite A supplementation. Serum was analysed for Ca, Mg, Pi, K, non‐esterified fatty acids and β‐hydroxybutyrate (BHB). Urine was analysed for Ca, Mg, Pi, K and net acid‐base excretion (NABE). After calving, milk yield (fat corrected milk) and milk composition were determined. During zeolite A supplementation, mean DMI of Group IV (7.3 ± 1.3 kg/cow/day) was significantly lower compared to Groups I–III (10.1, 10.9, 9.5 kg/cow/day). The reduced feed intake of Group IV resulted in significantly increased BHB as well as decreased NABE after calving. Zeolite A supplementation in higher doses (III and IV) had a stabilizing effect on Ca metabolism around calving for older cows, whereas cows in Groups I and II showed a subclinical hypocalcaemia. The mean serum Mg concentration decreased significantly in older cows in Group IV at calving. The mean Pi concentration in cows of Group IV decreased into ranges of hypophosphataemia already 1 week after beginning of zeolite A feeding. The mean DMI postpartum as well as the milk yield was not affected by zeolite A supplementation. Feeding of 23 g zeolite A/kg DM TMR prepartum proved to be an adequate dosage for reducing subclinical hypocalcaemia frequency without significant effects on feed intake and Pi concentration in serum. 相似文献
2.
AIM: To determine differences in plasma proteomic profiles between healthy cows and those with subclinical hypocalcaemia within 12 hours after calving, and thereby explore the underlying biological mechanism of subclinical hypocalcaemia in dairy cows.METHODS: Plasma samples were collected within 6 hours of calving from Holstein cows on a farm in Heilongjiang, China; 32 with subclinical hypocalcaemia (plasma calcium concentration 1.38–2.00?mmol/L and no clinical signs) and 59 control cows (plasma calcium concentration 2.10–2.8?mmol/L). Plasma samples were applied to weak cationic exchange protein chips for protein profiling by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS), and the data were analysed using the PBS-IIC system. The amplitude of peaks for the two groups were compared using the Wilcoxon sum-rank test, and the mass-to-charge ratio of the peaks that differed was used to identify peptide fragments using the Swiss-Prot protein database.RESULTS: Seven peaks were identified in the subclinical hypocalcaemia group that differed from those of the control group (p<0.001), that represented six unique proteins. Expression of serum albumin, fibrinogen alpha chain, amyloid beta A4 proteins and neurosecretory protein VGF were increased, and expression of apolipoprotein A-II and serum amyloid A proteins were decreased in the subclinical hypocalcaemic cows compared with control cows.CONCLUSION: Use of SELDI-TOF-MS technology can effectively identify differences in plasma protein expression patterns in cows with subclinical hypocalcaemia. Neurosecretory protein VGF and amyloid beta A4 protein might represent useful biomarkers for diagnosis of subclinical hypocalcaemia. 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
Four weeks before their predicted mean second lactation calving date, 60 spring-calving Holstein-Friesian cows were blocked into groups of six on the basis of their predicted calving date and body condition score, and allocated at random to one of six dietary treatments in a factorial design: ad libitum grass silage, ad libitum grass silage plus barley straw or ad libitum grass silage plus 3 kg of concentrates, was offered for four weeks before the expected calving date, and after calving they were offered either 4 kg or 8 kg of concentrates plus ad libitum grass silage for eight weeks. On average, the first luteal activity occurred in all the groups at 29 days after calving. Seventeen of the cows had an atypical first plasma progesterone profile; 12 were anovulatory, three had prolonged luteal phases and two became anovulatory after having been cyclic. The cows offered grass silage only before calving had a significantly shorter mean (se) interval between calving and second luteal activity (44.9 [2.1] days), than the cows offered grass silage and straw (53.5 [1.9] days) or grass silage and concentrates (51.5 [3.2] days) (P<0.05). After calving none of the 28 cows offered grass silage and 4 kg of concentrates started cycling before day 21, whereas five of the 30 cows offered grass silage and 8 kg of concentrates cycled before day 21 (P<0.05). 相似文献
6.
[目的]为了研究不同产犊季节对荷斯坦奶牛第一胎泌乳性能的影响,以便为长江中下游地区荷斯坦奶牛合理安排配种时间提供科学依据。[方法]利用海丰奶牛场有限公司2009年引进2480头澳系进口荷斯坦牛产犊季节及其第一胎泌乳性能的数据,分析不同产犊季节对第一胎泌乳天数、全泌乳期实际产奶量、305d校正奶量、305d脂肪产量和305d蛋白产量的影响。[结果]表明:不同产犊季节对第一胎泌乳天数和全泌乳期产奶量影响极显著(P0.01),显著影响305天脂肪产量(0.01P0.05),春季产犊的奶牛泌乳天数最长(358±10d),而冬季产犊的奶牛泌乳天数最短(299±18d),春季与夏季产犊奶牛的全泌乳期产奶量显著高于秋季、冬季产犊奶牛(P0.05),夏季产犊奶牛305d脂肪产量最高。[结论]综合各产犊季节样本量及相应泌乳性能,认为该场澳系进口荷斯坦牛最适宜产犊季节为夏末秋初,此时泌乳性能最好。该结果对同类地区引进澳系进口荷斯坦牛繁殖与生产管理有借鉴作用。 相似文献
7.
Hommeida A Nakao T Kubota H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(10):1031-1035
The incidence of different types of luteal activity postpartum and their effect on reproductive performance were studied in 21 postpartum dairy cows. Progesterone concentrations in defatted milk collected 3 times a week were determined by EIA. Reproductive tract examination was undertaken every other week postpartum. Body weight and body condition score (BCS) were measured before and after calving and the average 100-day milk yield was calculated. Nine (42.9%) cows had normal ovarian activity (first luteal activity < or = 50 days postpartum followed by regular cycles), 5 (23.8%) had prolonged luteal phase (PLP; ovarian cycle with luteal activity > or = 20 days pre-service) and in 7 (33.3%) cows the first luteal activity was shown later than 50 days postpartum (DOV). When compared with normal cows, both PLP and DOV had longer interval to first insemination (63.1 +/- 22.0 days versus 77.6 +/- 21.6 and 93.0 +/- 22.3 days, P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively), lower first insemination conception rate (88.9% versus 0.0% and 57.1%, P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively) and greater BCS loss (0.81 +/- 0.2 versus 1.05 +/- 0.21 and 1.04 +/- 0.10, respectively, P<0.01). Cows with PLP showed longer interval to uterine involution than normal and DOV groups (54.0 +/- 8.3 days versus 42.4 +/- 5.5 and 43.3 +/- 8.3 days, respectively, P<0.01) and higher 100-day milk yield (38.8 +/- 2.7 kg versus 33.6 +/- 4.7 and 29.9 +/- 6.1 kg, respectively, P<0.01). In conclusion, more than half of the cows had abnormal luteal activity postpartum, which adversely affected reproductive performance. 相似文献
8.
Tefera N Jeanguyot N Thibier M Humblot P 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2001,48(6):331-336
The relationship between placental retention, progesterone and pregnancy-specific protein B (bPSPB) was determined in 60 calving Holstein cows. The cows were divided into two groups with placental retention (WPR, n = 16) and no placental retention (NPR, n = 44). Every 4 days, until 60 days post-partum, blood samples were taken and the uteri were checked using ultrasonographv. The puerperal characteristics of NPR and WPR were as follows: mean days of abnormal vaginal discharge: 20.2+/-5 versus 35.6+/-7 (P < 0.01); mean intervals to uterine involution: 21.4+/-3.7 versus 27.6+/-7.6 days (P < 0.01); rate of endometritis: 25 versus 100% (P < 0.01). The mean numbers of oestrus cycles per cow were 1.75+/-0.5 versus 0.85-/+0.9 (P < 0.05) and the mean durations of the first oestrus cycle were 18+/-3.5 versus 16+/-2.1 days (P > 0.05). The mean intervals to first ovulation were 21.5+/-8.4 versus 35+/-19 days (P < 0.01). bPSPB blood concentrations were higher in the WPR group at calving with 955+/-170 versus 750+/-205 ng/ml (P < 0.01) and also during the first 32 days post-partum with 173.68+/-47.3 versus 131.0+/-29.2 ng/ml (P < 0.01). The mean bPSPB half-life was similar in the two groups: 6.9+/-2.5 versus 6.5+/-2.1 days (P > 0.05). In conclusion, it was found that placental retention was associated with a higher rate of endometritis, a lower number of cycles, longer interval to first post-partum ovulation and higher concentration of bPSPB at calving and during the post-partum period. The positive relationship between bPSPB concentrations and calf birth weight and their association with post-partum pathological events may be useful in monitoring animals presenting high concentrations at calving. 相似文献
9.
The Effect of Seasonal Thermal Stress on Lipid Mobilisation,Antioxidant Status and Reproductive Performance in Dairy Cows 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 R Turk O Podpečan J Mrkun Z Flegar‐Meštrić S Perkov P Zrimšek 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(4):595-603
Heat stress is a major factor contributing to low fertility of dairy cows with a great economic impact in dairy industry. Heat‐stressed dairy cows usually have reduced nutrient intake, resulting in a higher degree of negative energy balance (NEB). The aim of this study was to investigate the seasonal thermal effect on lipid metabolism, antioxidant activity and reproductive performance in dairy cows. Thirty‐two healthy dairy heifers were included in the study. According to the ambient temperature, animals were divided into two groups: winter (N = 14) and summer season (N = 18). Metabolic parameters, paraoxonase‐1 (PON1) activity and total antioxidant status (TAS) were monitored at the time of insemination (basal values) and from 1 week before until 8 weeks after calving. Number of services per conception and calving‐to‐conception (CC) interval were calculated from the farm recording data. Serum triglyceride, non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and beta‐hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentrations were significantly increased after calving in summer compared to winter, indicating higher degree of NEB in cows during summer. PON1 activity was significantly decreased after calving in both summer and winter group. TAS concentration was significantly lower in summer than that in winter. A significantly higher number of services were needed for conception in summer compared to winter, and CC interval was significantly longer in summer than that in winter as well. Additionally, reproductive performance significantly correlated with the severity of NEB, suggesting that lipid mobilization and lower antioxidant status contributed to poor reproduction ability in dairy cows during hot months. 相似文献
10.
Plasma progesterone, oestradiol, 13,14-dihydro, 15-keto, prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGFM) and luteinising hormone were measured in daily samples from eight dairy cows for 15 days before and after spontaneous calving, and compared to patterns obtained from 15 cows during and after induction of parturition with dexamethasone +/- prostaglandin. The average (+/- sd) length of pregnancy in the control cows was 285 +/- 3.04 days compared to 264 +/- 7.4 days in the induced group. Only nine cows required prostaglandin on day 11 after dexamethasone, which resulted in all nine calving 1.7 +/- 0.3 days later. Eight of the 15 treated cows retained the fetal membranes; however, the calving to first heat interval for all treated cows was 46.7 +/- 10 days (range 30 to 66 days) and calving to conception 52.4 +/- 17 days (range 30 to 85 days) compared to 42.1 +/- 15 days (range 28 to 64 days) and 76.5 +/- 24 days (range 54 to 115 days) respectively for the eight cows which calved without induction. The pre-partum hormone profiles were similar in all cows. Hormone profiles in the post partum period were also similar in all cows, irrespective of previous history. Baseline values for progesterone and oestradiol were not reached until 4.6 +/- 1.7 days and 2.75 +/- 0.7 days post partum respectively, whereas PGFM values increased for two or three days, reaching baseline levels 8.87 +/- 2.10 days later. Five cows had secondary peaks of PGFM on days 5,6 and 7. Luteinising hormone values increased steadily after calving in all cows.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
11.
Quantities and types of ceramides and their relationships to physical properties of the horn covering the claws of clinically normal cows and cows with subclinical laminitis 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 H. Higuchi M. Nakamura A. Kuwano M. Kasamatsu H. Nagahata 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2005,69(2):155-158
Quantities and types of ceramides and their relationships to physical properties of the horn covering the claws of clinically normal cows and cows with subclinical laminitis were investigated. Total ceramide content of the horn covering the sole and wall from cows with subclinical laminitis was 872.2 +/- 146.6 microg/g and 528.6 +/- 61.3 microg/g, respectively, and was significantly (P < 0.01, 0.05) lower than that from clinically normal cows. The mean moisture content in the claws from cows with subclinical laminitis (43.5% +/- 4.3%) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that in the claws from clinically normal cows. The hardness of claws from cows with subclinical laminitis (35.2 +/- 3.5) was significantly (P < 0.05) less than that of claws from clinically normal cows. Significant correlations between ceramides and moisture content (P < 0.001) and between ceramide and hardness (P < 0.001) were found in clinically normal cows and cows with subclinical laminitis. Our results indicate that decreases in ceramide contents may be related to changes in physical properties of the horn covering the claw in cows with subclinical laminitis. 相似文献
12.
P V Miettinen 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1990,31(4):453-458
The effect of 2 types of feeding on the involution of the genital tract and on the fertility was studied in 79 Finnish dairy cows on a research farm. The cows were fed twice a day with home-produced feed in accordance with the Finnish feeding standard. The cows were divided according to the type of feed into a hay-urea group and a silage group. The cows were examined clinically by rectal palpation 3 times a week during 8 weeks postpartum. The time required for the complete involution of uterus and cervix was recorded. The cows in the silage group had a significantly longer time in uterine involution, a lower fertility rate at first insemination and a longer interval from calving to conception than those in the hay-urea group. The pregnancy rate in the first insemination was in the hay-urea group 91% and in the silage group 57%. The interval between calving and the first insemination was shorter in the hay-urea group than in the silage group: 71.4 +/- 10.6 and 74.0 +/- 10.3 days, respectively. The interval between calving and conception was in the hay-urea group significantly (p less than 0.01) shorter than in the silage group; 74.8 +/- 15.1 and 89.5 +/- 24.4 days, respectively. 相似文献
13.
为了阐明日粮添加过瘤胃维生素D对围产期奶牛低钙血症的调控机制,在某集约化奶牛场选取40头奶牛,随机分为4组,对照组(C)饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别于产前10d至分娩后10d在日粮中每天添加1.5、3.0、6.0g/头过瘤胃维生素D。对4组试验奶牛围产期(分别于产前10、7、3、0d和产后3、7、10d)血清维生素D3(1,25-(OH)2D3)、钙、羟脯氨酸、甲状旁腺素和降钙素水平进行检测。结果表明,围产期奶牛血钙水平分娩时达最低,产后逐渐上升,且产前7d至产后10d对照组奶牛血钙浓度显著低于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05);分娩当天试验Ⅰ组奶牛血浆中1,25-(OH)2D3、羟脯氨酸和降钙素水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05),甲状旁腺素水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。提示,日粮中每天添加1.5g/头过瘤胃维生素D能调节甲状旁腺素和降钙素等激素的分泌,促进肠道对钙的吸收,动员骨钙,从而防止奶牛产后低钙血的发生,且围产期奶牛低血钙症与机体血钙稳态调节作用密切关联。 相似文献
14.
The ability to synchronise onset of oestrus, and hence the time of breeding and calving, offers potential economic and management benefits to dairy farmers, especially in herds with seasonally concentrated calving patterns. A trial involving 2681 cows in 11 seasonal herds was conducted to evaluate the reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows following oestrus synchronisation with a combination of progesterone, oestradiol and prostaglandin. Cows were randomly assigned within herds to synchronised and control groups, balanced for age, date of calving, body condition and breed. Cows in the synchronised group were treated with an intravaginal progesterone-releasing device containing 1.9 g of progesterone and a gelatin capsule containing 10 mg of oestradiol benzoate 10 days prior to the planned start of the breeding season (Day 0). The device was removed 8 days later on Day -2 and a luteolytic dose of prostaglandin F2alpha was administered 2 days prior to removal of the progesterone-releasing device. Returns to service for cows in the synchronised group were synchronised by inserting a previously used intravaginal device during Days 16-21 after the start of the breeding season. Cows in the control group were left untreated. The percentage of cows being inseminated during the first 5 days was 89.0% for the synchronised group compared to 29.7% for the control group. Compared to cows in the control group, those in the synchronised group had a lower conception rate to the first insemination (52.9% v. 64.3%, p<0.001), a lower conception rate to the second insemination (51.8% v. 62.5%, p<0.001), a higher percentage of empty cows at the end of the breeding season (7.3% v. 5.1%, p<0.05), and more insemination services per pregnancy to artificial insemination (2.0 v. 1.6, p<0.001). There was no difference between the synchronised and control groups in the percentage of cows pregnant to artificial insemination (81.8% v. 85.5%, p>0.10). The mean day of conception from the start of the breeding season was advanced (p>0.0 1) by 1.3 days in synchronised cows (19.9 +/- 0.7 days; mean +/- SEM) compared to control cows (21.2 +/- 0.5 days). It is concluded that the oestrus synchronisation regime used in the present study caused a reduction in fertility, which reduced the potential gains from using such a programme to increase reproductive efficiency in dairy cows. 相似文献
15.
试验旨在探究围产期亚临床酮病与泌乳早期奶牛繁殖性能、卵泡发育之间的关系,并检测试验牛血液生化指标的变化。试验在黑龙江某大型集约化牛场开展,根据产后血酮水平确定亚临床酮病组（SCK）和健康组（C）奶牛共60头,根据试验牛产后50 d内发情状况,将SCK组再分为发情组（SCKE,16头）和乏情组（SCKA,14头）,C组也同样分为发情组（CE,25头）和乏情组（CA,5头）。所有试验牛在产后50 d通过直肠检查和B超检查了解子宫复旧及卵泡发育状况,记录繁殖性能数据,并进行血液生化指标分析。结果表明：与健康组发情奶牛相比,亚临床酮病发情奶牛产后首次发情日期推迟约10 d（P<0.05）;产后50 d卵泡直径差异极显著（差值约4 mm）（P<0.01）。亚临床酮病乏情奶牛子宫复旧延迟发生率显著高于健康组发情奶牛（P<0.05）;亚临床酮病奶牛血浆中胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）含量显著低于健康奶牛（P<0.05）,而泌乳量极显著提高（P<0.01）。与发情奶牛相比,乏情奶牛血浆中甘油三酯（TG）含量显著升高（P<0.05）;葡萄糖（Glu）、胰岛素（Ins）、雌二醇（E2）、孕酮（P4）含量显著或极显著降低（P<0.05;P<0.01）。综合以上试验结果,奶牛患亚临床酮病而导致能量代谢指标异常是引起奶牛乏情、产后卵泡发育受阻和繁殖障碍的主要因素,进而导致奶牛繁殖力下降。 相似文献
16.
S. McDougall C. R. Burke K. L. Macmillan N. B. Williamson 《Research in veterinary science》1995,58(3)
The ovaries of 17 Friesian cows aged two to seven years were examined daily by transrectal ultrasound from one week after calving. The position and size of all follicles more than 2 mm in diameter were recorded. A large (more than 9 mm in diameter) follicle was present on at least one ovary by six to 17 days after calving, and in two of the cows it ovulated; the remaining cows had from two to nine large follicles before they ovulated. The mean (
) interval from calving to the first ovulation was 43 ·4 (5·3) (range 13 to 93) days, after 4·2 (0·6) waves of follicles. 相似文献
17.
Aksoy M Kaya A Uçar M Lehimcioglu N Tekeli T 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2002,109(9):416-418
Oestrus and calving records of Anatolian buffaloes were analyzed to investigate influence of climatic conditions on oestrus occurrence and postpartum period. Oestrus records showed a seasonal pattern concentrated between July and September which is the warmest period of the year. Likewise, more than half (52.7%) of the total calvings occurred between May and August. Month of calving significantly influenced the length of calving to first oestrus interval and open period (P < 0.01). The average length of open period was significantly shorter in autumn and summer calvers compared to those calved in spring and winter (P < 0.05) during long days. The humidity rate was negatively correlated with both calving to first oestrus interval and open period (P < 0.05). In conclusion, exposure to high environmental temperatures around 20 degrees C exerted no suppressive influence on ovarian activity in Anatolian buffaloes. Although humidity rate (P < 0.05) and ambient temperature (P < 0.01) was found to be correlated with the duration of postpartum period, day length might be the main factor regulating reproductive biorhythm and postpartum events in Anatolian buffalo cows. 相似文献
18.
Associations between types of lameness and fertility 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Four hundred and twenty-seven cases of first-reported foot lameness were recorded in 17 dairy herds in Somerset during the winter housing period. Lameness was classified into three categories: sole ulceration, digital disease (white line abscess, foreign bodies in the sole and pricked or punctured sole), and interdigital disease (lesions of the skin between claws and heel including foul in the foot, interdigital fibroma and dermatitis). In addition, a 'clinical effect score' was calculated to take account of the severity of lameness, the structures involved and the time for which the cows were clinically affected. The fertility records of lame cows were compared with those of the healthy cows nearest in parity and stage of lactation. In the lame cows the interval from calving to first service was four days longer, and the interval from calving to conception was 14 days longer than in the control cows, the pregnancy rate to first service was 46 per cent (controls 56 per cent), 2.14 services were required per conception (controls 1.72) and 16 per cent of lame cows were culled (controls 5 per cent). Lameness, first reported in the period 36 to 70 days after calving, was associated with a significant (P less than 0.01) increase in the interval from calving to first service of eight days; and sole ulceration, in the period 71 to 120 days after calving, was associated with an increase of 11 days (P less than 0.05). Lameness in all periods up to 120 days after calving was associated with significantly increased intervals from calving to conception (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
19.
Mayne CS McCoy MA Lennox SD Mackey DR Verner M Catney DC McCaughey WJ Wylie AR Kennedy BW Gordon FJ 《The Veterinary record》2002,150(23):707-713
A comprehensive database was established on the milk production and reproductive performance of dairy cows in 19 selected herds in Northern Ireland, varying in size, management system and genetic merit. Data were obtained for 2471 cows, 1775 of which calved in a second year, and 693 were culled from the herd for specific reasons. The estimated mean rate of heat detection (assessed by the interheat interval during the main breeding season) in all the herds was 71 per cent, with a range from 53 to 92 per cent The average conception rate to first insemination was 37.1 per cent (range 21 to 66 per cent). The average calving interval for the retained cows was 407.2 days (range 359 to 448 days). Twenty-eight per cent of the cows that calved were culled, with infertility being the largest single reason (26.8 per cent of the cows culled). There were major differences in reproductive performance between the herds, but heat detection rate, conception rate and calving interval did not appear to be affeded by a herd's genetic merit. The herds with shorter calving intervals were characterised by better heat detection efficiency (83 v 61 per cent, P<0.01), a shorter interval from calving to first insemination (74 v 97 days; P<0.05), a higher conception rate to first insemination (45 v 34 per cent, P>0.10) and a lower removal rate (23 v 37 per cent, P<0.01). Furthermore, the cows in these herds had lower body condition scores (BCS) in the dry period (3.0 v 3.3; P<0.05) but lost less body condition in early lactation (0.3 v 0.6 BCS units, P<0.05). These results show that dairy herd fertility in Northern Ireland is generally low and similar to that previously reported for England and the USA, but that in some herds changes in herd management practices improved the cows' fertility. 相似文献
20.
This study was carried out in central Tanzania on a group of 45 Zebu and 37 crossbred cows which were 4 to 10 years old. At calving time, the animals were allocated to one of the 4 treatment groups. In addition to free access to grazing for all cows in the study, in group H:AR (n = 18), cows were fed a high level of concentrate supplementation (4kg/day) and calves were artificially reared; in group H:RS (n = 24), cows were fed a high level of concentrate supplementation (4kg/day) and calves were only allowed restricted suckling up until the weaning age of 6 months. In group L:AR (n = 23) cows were fed a low level of concentrate supplementation (2kg/day) and calves were artificially reared; and in group L:RS (n = 17) cows were fed a low level of concentrate supplementation (2kg/day) and calves were only allowed restricted suckling up until the weaning age of 6 months. Milk progesterone was used as a means of determining the postpartum resumption interval (PRI) and the interval from parturition to conception (PCI). The overall PRI was 47.4 +/- 0.4 days and was significantly affected by breed but not by calving season, with crossbred cows exhibiting a shorter PRI than Zebu cows. The effect of the treatments was significant, with cows in the group H:AR displaying a significantly shorter PRI than those in the other groups, while cows in group L:RS showed a significantly longer PRI than those in the other groups. The overall PCI was 149.5 +/- 3.7 days, and was not significantly affected by breed or calving season. The effect of the treatments was significant, with cows in the group H:AR having a significantly shorter PCI than cows in the other groups, while cows in group L:RS showed a significantly longer PCI than those in the other groups. Crossbred cows had higher live weights at calving (299.4 kg) than Zebu cows (272.6 kg), while all cows gained weight during the first 3 months after calving. The treatments had a significant effect on weight gain, with cows in the group H:AR gaining significantly more weight than those in the other groups. Cows which had high live weights at calving exhibited significantly shorter PRI and PCI than the lighter cows. Animals which had gained more than 5 kg during the first month after calving, or which had gained more than 8 kg during the first 3 months after calving, showed significantly shorter PRI and PCI than cows which had gained less weight. The results show that the calf rearing system and the level of feed supplementation interact with each other and can influence the postpartum anoestrous period in Zebu and Zebu crossbred cattle. Increasing the level of nutrition in restricted suckling cows tended to improve the postpartum anoestrous period, but the positive effects of supplementation could not completely compensate for the negative effects of suckling. 相似文献