共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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不同杀虫剂对稻纵卷叶螟防治效果的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文章分析了200g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺SC(康宽)、15%茚虫威SC(安打)、5%氟虫腈SC(锐劲特)、有机磷类杀虫剂、阿维菌素类杀虫剂、沙蚕毒素类杀虫剂以及混合类杀虫剂等7种不同杀虫剂对稻纵卷叶螟的防治效果.结果表明,康宽10mL/667m2、安打16mL/667m2、75%乙酰甲胺磷SP 150g/667m2、40%毒死蜱EC 100 mL/667m2、蓝锐100 mL/667m2、20.5%阿维*乙酰甲胺磷EC 200 mL/667m2、75%乙酰甲胺磷SP 90g+40%毒死蜱EC 50mL/667m2,在稻纵卷叶螟1～2龄期施药,效果达98%,持效期长达14d.沙蚕毒素类杀虫剂对稻纵卷叶螟的防效较差. 相似文献
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几种药剂对小菜蛾室内毒力及田间药效研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
小菜蛾是我国重要的蔬菜害虫之一 ,由于长期使用化学农药防治 ,小菜蛾对多种药剂 ,如有机磷类杀虫剂、拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂、沙蚕毒素类杀虫剂和氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂等产生了抗性 ,小菜蛾的防治成为十字花科蔬菜生产中要解决的重要问题之一。尤其是在气候温暖的华南地区 ,小菜蛾的全年发生 ,对广东、广西等地的无公害蔬菜产生了严重的影响。本文测定了广州地区常用防治小菜蛾的药剂如阿维菌素、高效氯氰菊酯等与菜喜、锐劲特等近年引入的新药的室内毒力和田间药效 ,为小菜蛾的综合防治寻找合适的药剂。1 试验材料和方法1.1 供试药剂Ａ .1.8%… 相似文献
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治理水稻害虫药剂的选择与应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从药剂毒性、防治效果、抗药性、对天敌安全性等多方面评述了杀虫剂在水稻害虫无害化治理中的适用性并进行了初步分类.归于适用推广类的杀虫剂有氟虫腈、毒死蜱、三唑磷、噻嗪酮;归于适度推广的主要有乙酰甲胺磷、丙溴磷、阿维菌素、沙蚕毒素类、氨基甲酸酯类;归于禁止使用类主要有高毒农药、吡虫啉;可望引入的主要有吡蚜酮、氟铃脲、氟啶脲、丁烯氟虫腈等.并提出了水稻害虫无害化治理的配套措施. 相似文献
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20 0 2年应用点滴法普查了江苏常熟、锡山、武进、句容、姜堰、高邮、楚州、宿豫、灌云及连云港 10县 (市 ) 12个二化螟种群 4龄幼虫对 4种 (类 )杀虫剂的抗药性。结果表明 ,供试种群对沙蚕毒素类农药杀虫单已普遍产生抗性 ,且苏南种群的抗性水平高于苏北 ,常熟为最高 ( 16倍 ) ;对有机磷类农药三唑磷苏南地区种群为低水平抗性 ,其他地区均属敏感水平。目前二化螟供试种群对苯基吡唑类农药氟虫腈和抗生素类农药阿维菌素未产生抗药性。本文还对二化螟抗性治理对策进行了讨论。 相似文献
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A variety of compounds designed to bind to the acetylcholine receptor, a largely unexploited target for new insecticides, have been prepared. These are related to either the isothiocyanates prepared previously in our laboratory, which probably bind to the receptor, or to nereistoxin, which is known to do so. Many of the compounds are insecticidal, and electro-physiological studies on a candidate compound, N,N-dimethyl-3-thiocyanato-2-(thiocyanatomethyl)propionamide, suggest they may have the predicted mode of action. 相似文献
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The effects of nereistoxin on the neuromuscular transmission of the frog have been studied by means of intracellular microelectrode and voltage clamp techniques. Nereistoxin blocked the neuromuscular transmission without causing depolarization of end-plate membranes. A small end-plate potential was elicited upon nerve stimulation. The frequency and amplitude of miniature end-plate potentials decreased after exposure to nereistoxin, and the quantum content of the end-plate potential tended to decrease also. Chemical sensitivity of the end-plate membrane as examined by iontophoretic application of acetylcholine was markedly reduced. Both sodium and potassium components of the end-plate current were suppressed almost equally by application of nereistoxin. It is concluded that inhibition of the mechanisms whereby the end-plate membrane conductances to sodium and potassium ions are increased is the major action of nereistoxin responsible for neuromuscular blockade. 相似文献
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建立了一种由杀虫双快速转化为沙蚕毒素,结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)检测李子中沙蚕毒素,并由沙蚕毒素含量确定杀虫双残留的方法。样品经含有质量分数1%的L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐的0.1 mol/L盐酸溶液提取,氨水-氯化镍衍生化,正己烷萃取,氮气吹干后甲醇定容,采用HPLC-MS/MS检测,外标法定量。结果表明:李子中杀虫双向沙蚕毒素的转化率随其浓度的增加呈下降趋势,在0.05~10 mg/kg范围内,杀虫双含量与沙蚕毒素峰面积间呈幂函数相关,R2为0.992;在0.01、0.1、5 mg/kg 3个添加水平下,杀虫双在李子果肉中的平均回收率为77%~100%,相对标准偏差为6%~18%。田间试验结果显示:18%杀虫双水剂按有效成分360和540 mg/kg施药2~3次,分别于末次施药后10、15和20 d采样测定,李子中杀虫双的残留量为<0.010~1.4 mg/kg。结合中国农药登记情况和中国居民的人均膳食结构,利用规范残留试验中值(STMR)、最高残留值(HR)和最大残留限量(MRL)分别计算李子中杀虫双在长期膳食暴露风险中所占份额。结果表明:由STMR、HR和MRL值计算的膳食摄入量分别为0.17、0.70和0.80 mg,其中由HR和MRL计算的摄入量已超过杀虫双的日允许摄入量(0.63 mg),三者对应的风险份额分别为0.89%、4.93%和0.76%,可见,利用HR或MRL进行李子中杀虫双膳食摄入量计算将在很大程度上增加风险不确定性,因此在进行膳食风险评估过程中应谨慎使用HR或MRL值代替STMR值。 相似文献
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不同类型杀虫剂对水稻二化螟及稻纵卷叶螟的田间防治效果评价 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
基于同时防治水稻二化螟及稻纵卷叶螟的杀虫药剂较少的现状,2014年采用田间小区试验探索了有机磷类、沙蚕毒素类、酰肼类、多杀菌素类、取代苯基吡唑类、缩氨基脲类、噁二嗪类、大环内酯抗生素类及双酰胺类等9类16种杀虫剂对二化螟和稻纵卷叶螟的防治效果。结果表明,200g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺SC和10%阿维·氟酰胺SC能有效控制二化螟和稻纵卷叶螟危害,且速效作用好、持效期长达28d,药后7~28d对二化螟和稻纵卷叶螟的防治效果分别为84.85%~93.37%和80.40%~86.16%。60g/L乙基多杀菌素SC、1.8%阿维菌素EC、20%氟苯虫酰胺WG、40%氯虫·噻虫嗪WG、6%阿维·氯苯酰SC和10%四氯虫酰胺SC对二化螟的防治效果好而对稻纵卷叶螟有一定的兼治作用,药后7~28d防治效果分别为81.13%~97.17%和62.17%~85.26%。240g/L氰氟虫腙SC对稻纵卷叶螟的防治效果好而对二化螟有较好的兼治效果,药后7~28d防治效果分别为76.98%~92.16%和76.37%~80.98%。1%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐ME对二化螟及稻纵卷叶螟的防治效果较好,速效性好且持效期较长,药后7~28d防治效果分别为69.29%~83.61%和68.84%~82.95%。此外,5%丁虫腈EC和30%茚虫威WG分别对二化螟和稻纵卷叶螟高效,而20%三唑磷EC、40%水胺硫磷EC、29%杀虫双AS和240g/L甲氧虫酰肼SC难以有效控制二化螟和稻纵卷叶螟危害。在水稻生产实践中,建议轮换使用双酰胺类和大环内酯抗生素类杀虫剂、乙基多杀菌素和氰氟虫腙防治二化螟和稻纵卷叶螟。 相似文献
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Biophysical aspects of nervous activity in relation to studies on the mode of action of insecticides
P. E. Burt 《Pest management science》1970,1(3):88-92
The spread to the nervous system of topically applied neurotoxic insecticides is discussed. During spread different insecticides may distribute themselves between fluid and solid phases within the insect's tissues in greatly differing ratios. These differences are reflected in their concentrations in the haemolymph, which is probably the medium mainly responsible for distributing insecticides within the insect, and also the main source from which insecticides enter the nervous system. Evidence for spread via more restricted pathways, such as tracheae or the nerves themselves, is conflicting. The mode of action of neurotoxic insecticides is briefly reviewed, including the role of secondarily released neuroactive stress substances, and the extent to which resistance is expressed at the site of action is also discussed. Finally, the nervous system is examined for new sites of insecticidal action which, if attacked, could give greater specificity. 相似文献
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P.S. Grewal 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》1999,4(4):287-294
Turfgrass is an important component of urban landscapes and turf associated products and services are valued at about $45 billion in the US alone. Turf insecticide market is about $500 million per year of which microbial insecticides constitute less than 0.1%. Major factors in the poor market penetration of microbial insecticides include low damage thresholds, narrow spectrum of activity, a definite pest monitoring requirement, shortage of quality products, and competition with the newly registered less-toxic chemical insecticides. Enhancement of market share of microbial insecticides in turf will depend upon successful development of more appropriate application strategies, an increase in the availability of quality products, and the development of a systems approach in which microbial insecticides are used together with chemical insecticides in a more compatible manner. The long-term benefits derived from the use of microbial insecticides must be documented to enhance acceptance of microbial control. 相似文献
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对目前中国主要蜜源作物上登记的农药品种进行了梳理,并采用现有的风险评估标准方法,对其中毒死蜱、吡虫啉等共61种杀虫剂对蜜蜂的风险进行了初级评估。结果表明:在58种喷雾施用的杀虫剂中,35种对蜜蜂的风险商值均大于1,风险为不可接受;其余23种的风险商值小于1,风险为可接受;所评估的6种土壤或种子处理内吸性杀虫剂中,5种对蜜蜂的风险商值大于1,风险为不可接受,仅氯虫苯甲酰胺的风险商值小于1,风险为可接受。但由于文中是以药剂在所登记作物上的单次最高施药剂量为暴露量进行的初级评估,并未考虑农药在花粉、花蜜中的降解及降雨引起的淋洗损耗,以及施药时间与作物花期之间的关系等影响因素,因而使得评估结果具有较大的保守性。研究结果一方面可为这些农药的合理使用和管理提供参考,另一方面提示了目前中国关于农药对蜜蜂的初级风险评估程序需进一步优化。 相似文献
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黏虫Mythimna separata(Walker)在我国近几年多次暴发,为了寻找对环境生物安全的防治黏虫替代药剂,采用急性经口毒性试验方法测定了27种对黏虫有防治效果的杀虫剂对日本鹌鹑Coturnix japonica的7d半致死剂量(LD50)。结果表明,联苯菊酯等9种药剂对日本鹌鹑低毒,乙酰甲胺磷等7种为中毒,丙溴磷等10种为高毒,三唑磷为剧毒,高毒和剧毒品种占40%以上,对鸟类生态系统存在较大的潜在威胁。黏虫防治应优先选择拟除虫菊酯类、昆虫生长调节剂类等对鸟类毒性低的农药品种。 相似文献