共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 233 毫秒
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正分蘖角度是禾本科植物的分蘖与主茎之间的夹角,与作物群体产量密切相关。解析水稻分蘖角度调控的分子机制对于改良水稻株型进而提高产量具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。长期以来,研究人员主要通过遗传学手段发掘了调控水稻分蘖角度的主效QTL和调控基因。然而,分蘖角度是一个复杂的农艺性状,受到多种因素的共同调控,面对一些更具应用潜力的微效基因,单 相似文献
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分蘖作为饲用高粱的一项重要农艺性状,受基因和环境的共同控制,对饲用高粱的产量和品质有重要影响。为进一步探究饲用高粱分蘖的遗传机制以及分蘖对饲用高粱的形态和产量的影响,本试验以分蘖多的品种‘TS-185’和分蘖少的品种‘忻梁-52’为亲本配置杂交组合,得到F2代,对分蘖数、茎粗、茎节数以及具有形态差异的性状如主茎和分蘖的叶片数、株高、穗长、穗重、茎秆鲜重进行统计,计算不同性状在主茎和分蘖间的相对差异值,并利用主基因-多基因遗传模型进行遗传分析。研究结果表明,株高、叶片数、穗长、穗重、茎秆鲜重在主茎和分蘖之间都存在极显著正相关。分蘖数、主茎和分蘖株高相对差异、穗长相对差异、穗重相对差异4个性状为两对主基因控制加性-显性-上位性混合遗传模型,广义遗传率分别是36.43%、82.71%、63.07%和85.06%,后3个性状能够在后代中稳定遗传,可在育种早代进行选择。茎粗、茎节数、主茎和分蘖叶片数相对差异,茎秆鲜重相对差异在本试验中表现为微效多基因控制的性状,非主基因控制。本研究对饲用高粱分蘖的遗传效应和分蘖对饲用高粱形态学差异的影响具有指导意义。 相似文献
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为了挖掘和克隆更多控制株高与分蘖的基因应用于水稻育种,利用多分蘖普通野生稻矮秆突变体与少分蘖高秆南特号组配杂交组合F1并构建分离群体F2;并且对该群体的株高与有效分蘖数进行性状遗传分析以及基因型检测,利用IciMapping V3．0对株高与分蘖数进行QTL连锁遗传分析。结果表明,两亲本的株高与分蘖数均为多基因控制的数量性状,且存在极显著的正相关;利用平均分布于水稻12条染色体上的345对分子标记对两亲本普通野生稻矮秆突变体与南特号进行多态性筛选,共筛出194对差异明显的多态标记,多态率为56．23％;利用122对基因型清晰的多态标记对571株F2分离群体进行连锁分析,共获得33个与株高相关的QTLs,19个与分蘖数相关的QTLs;检测到1个与株高有关的主效QTLs,定位于1号染色体RM302～RM104标记之间,对表型贡献率达71．72％。找到一个控制株高的主效QTL,与分子标记RM302和RM104紧密连锁,对株高具有极强的矮化效果,该结果为进一步克隆矮秆基因与株型分子育种提供理论基础。 相似文献
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水稻分蘖发生机理的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：5，他引：1
分蘖是影响水稻穗数并进而影响其单产的重要农艺性状,是单子叶植物在生长发育过程中形成的一种特殊的分枝特性。水稻分蘖的发生是一个非常复杂的过程,自然条件、植株营养、植物激素、遗传等因素都会影响其发生。深入研究水稻分蘖发生机理,更加有效的调控分蘖发生,将会进一步提高水稻产量,对水稻生产具有重要意义。前人对水稻分蘖的发生及调控进行了大量研究,本文从形态、环境、激素、分子等4个方面对水稻分蘖发生的机理进行综述。 相似文献
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《分子植物育种》2017,(9)
研究水稻少分蘖高秆突变体的分子机理,鉴定出新的水稻少分蘖高秆基因。本研究利用γ射线辐射诱变籼稻品种泸恢H103,获得一个少分蘖高秆突变体,命名为ltn1(low-tiller number)。研究了该突变的主要农艺性状与遗传方式,并对突变体基因LTN1进行了分子定位。结果显示突变体的株高,有效穗,结实率,千粒重,单株产量均与野生型存在显著差异。遗传分析表明突变体ltn1受一对隐性基因控制,将突变体和沈农265的F2代中的突变型个体作为定位群体,利用SSR和Indel分子标记将突变体定位在水稻第8染色体标记RM3840和RM23611之间,物理距离为135 kb的区间。在这个区间内有个预测注释基因LOC_Os08g44510。 相似文献
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WANG Da-Chuan WANG Hui MA Fu-Ying DU Jie ZHANG Jia-Yu XU Guang-Yi HE Guang-Hua LI Yun-Feng LING Ying-Hua ZHAO Fang-Ming 《作物学报》2020,46(1):140-146
增加穗粒数对水稻高产品种培育至关重要。其遗传基础复杂,由多基因控制。水稻染色体片段代换系可以将多基因控制的复杂性状分解,因而是理想的遗传研究材料。本研究通过高代回交和自交结合分子标记辅助选择方法,鉴定了一个以日本晴为受体、西恢18为供体亲本的、含有15个代换片段的增加穗粒数的水稻染色体片段代换系Z747,平均代换长度为4.49 Mb。与受体日本晴相比, Z747的每穗总粒数、一次枝梗数、二次枝梗数、穗长和粒长显著增加,粒宽显著变窄、结实率显著降低,但结实率仍为81%。进一步以日本晴和Z747杂交构建的次级F2群体鉴定出46个相关性状的QTL,分布于水稻1号、2号、3号、5号、6号、9号、11号和12号染色体上。其中qGPP12、qPH-3-1、qPH-3-2等12个QTL可能与已克隆的基因等位, qSPP9等34个可能是新鉴定的QTL。Z747的每穗总粒数由2个具有增加粒数效应的QTL (qSPP3和qSPP5)和1个具有减少粒数效应的QTL (qSPP9)控制。研究结果对主效QTL的精细定位和克隆、以及有利基因的单片段代换系培育有重要意义。 相似文献
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叶夹角的大小直接影响水稻叶面积指数,进而调控群体光合作用,是水稻株型育种中重要的指标,研究其发育机制对水稻株型育种具有重要的意义。利用EMS诱变籼型水稻保持系西大1B,获得一个植株散生且叶夹角变大的突变体s524。田间种植条件下,苗期s524的叶夹角极显著大于野生型;分蘖期s524的分蘖角极显著增大,株型松散;成熟期s524整个植株呈匍匐状生长。而野生型株型在整个生育期均保持相对紧凑,叶夹角较小。石蜡切片分析显示,s524叶夹角增大是由叶枕近轴面细胞变大造成的。s524的主要农艺性状与野生型相比无明显变化。遗传分析表明该性状受1对隐性核基因控制,利用SSR标记进行基因定位,最终将S524定位在第11染色体标记RM4746和RM26742之间324 kb的物理范围内,包含散生基因LAZY1。测序结果显示s524突变体在LAZY1第3外显子上发生了一个T到C的碱基替换,导致第143位氨基酸由野生型的缬氨酸突变为丙氨酸,表明s524是一个新的LAZY1等位突变体。s524对外源油菜素内酯(BR)的敏感性降低,BR信号传导途径关键基因BU1在s524中的表达上调了近10倍,早期研究表明BU1基因的过表达可导致叶夹角变大。推测LAZY1/S524可能通过BR信号传导途径调控水稻叶夹角的发育。 相似文献
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Plant type is an important composite trait associated with the yield potential in rice and other cereal crops. Several characters
associated with the plant type of modern rice cultivars including tiller angle, leaf and flag leaf angle, were investigated
using a complete linkage map with 115 well distributed RFLP markers and progeny testing of 2418 F2 derived F4 lines from a cross between O. sativa ssp. japonica cv. ‘Lemont’ and spp. indica cv. ‘Teqing’. One major gene (Ta) and 11 QTLs were largely responsible for the tremendous variation of the three plant type characters in the Lemont/Teqing
F2 population. The major gene, Ta, located between RZ228 and RG667 on chromosome 9, accounted for 47.5% of the phenotypic variation in tiller angle and had
large pleiotropic effects on both leaf and flag leaf angles. This gene plus four QTLs accounted for 69.1% of the genotypic
variation in tiller angle. Eight additional QTLs for leaf and flag leaf angles were also identified, which collectively explained
52.0 and 66.4% of the genotypic variation of these traits. Ta and three QTLs ( QFla2, QFla5 and QFla7) apparently affected the related plant type characters differently, suggesting their
possible differential expression in different developmental stages of rice plants or possibly clustering of different genes
affecting these traits. Plant type, and consequently grain yield of rice, may be improved by deliberately manipulating these
QTLs in a marker-assisted selection program.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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相互竞争对栽培稻和杂草稻形态特性的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
采用盆栽试验研究杂草稻和栽培稻相互竞争对各自形态特征的影响,杂草稻和栽培稻按照2:1和1:2的比例各自插植在同一盆中,以单独插植杂草稻和栽培稻的处理为对照,分别测定他们的分蘖数、株高、叶片长宽、干物质积累和根系性状。结果显示：杂草稻与栽培稻的竞争对栽培稻‘沈农265’的株高、叶片形态影响不大,使分蘖数、干物质积累和根系性状显著降低;杂草稻与栽培稻的竞争对杂草稻‘WR04-12’的分蘖数、株高、叶片形态、干物质积累和根系性状都略有增加,但没有达到显著水平;另外,在同一生育时期,杂草稻‘WR04-12’的分蘖数、株高和根系性状都比栽培稻‘沈农265’高,处于竞争中的优势地位,而栽培稻受杂草稻的遮挡,处于劣势地位。因此,杂草稻和栽培稻相互竞争限制了栽培稻‘沈农265’的生长和干物质的积累,造成栽培稻‘沈农265’减产。 相似文献
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M. G. Mosaad G. Ortiz-Ferrara V. Mahalakshmi 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1995,174(3):173-180
The number of productive tillers is an important yield component in wheat and is affected by water stress and genetic factors. A greenhouse experiment was conducted during spring 1992 at ICARDA, Tel Hadya, Syria, with eight genotypes representing two Triticum species ( Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum and Triticum aestivum L. ssp. aestivum ) under four soil-moisture regimes (95 %, 75 %, 55 %, and 35 % field capacity) to study the effect of water deficit on tiller development and tiller contribution to grain yield. In the highest watering regime appearance of Tiller 1 was delayed in both species. Also Tiller 2 was suppressed in this treatment in durum , while its appearance was delayed in aestivum. In the driest treatment, a majority of the tillers were suppressed and the ones which emerged were delayed. In durum , the heat units required to produce successive leaves on the tillers were higher than that for the main stem and increased with increasing water stress, causing high rate of tiller abortion. In aestivum , each tiller, once produced, developed leaves at the same rate as on the main stem. Phyllochron of tillers as well as main stem was not affected by water stress in aestivum. In aestivum , contribution by tillers to yield was higher than that of durum in all treatments. Results indicate that early appearance of tillers and faster rate of leaf appearance under water stress result in higher tiller survival and greater tiller contribution to final yield. Hence, tiller dynamics under water stress can be used as a selection criterion for breeding for drought tolerance. 相似文献
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水稻(Oryza sativa)的株型含株高、分蘖、穗型和叶型等性状,其表现与光合效率直接相关。一般地,籼稻(Oryza sativa ssp.xian)株型松散,而粳稻(Oryza sativa ssp.geng)更为紧凑。松散型的籼稻自身遮蔽少,通风好,植株光合效率高;紧凑株型的粳稻适应密植,通过提高单位面积植株数量提高总体光合效率。控制籼粳稻分蘖角度差异的主效基因是TAC1基因。相比TAC1xian,发生在tac1geng的3'非翻译区(3'UTR)的A→G突变导致mRNA稳定性下降,从而影响了粳稻的株型。2个等位基因分别属于单株高光效基因型和整体高光效基因型,处于杂合状态下还可互补,因此建立可精确选择TAC1等位基因的分子标记在育种实践中意义重大。本研究利用扩增受阻突变系统(amplification refractory mutation system,ARMS)的原理,开发出包含4条引物的共显性分子标记,鉴定TAC1的功能单核苷酸多态性(functional nucleotide polymorphism,FNP)。该分子标记命名为tac1fnp,同TAC1完全连锁,一次PCR反应即可精确区分2种等位基因及杂合基因,有助于水稻的高光效分子标记辅助选择育种。 相似文献
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Susan R. McCouch Megan Sweeney Jiming Li Hui Jiang Michael Thomson Endang Septiningsih Jeremy Edwards Pilar Moncada Jinhua Xiao Amanda Garris Tom Tai Cesar Martinez Joe Tohme M. Sugiono Anna McClung Long Ping Yuan Sang-Nag Ahn 《Euphytica》2007,154(3):317-339
This paper summarizes results from a decade of collaborative research using advanced backcross (AB) populations to a) identify
quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with improved performance in rice and to b) clone genes underlying key QTLs of interest.
We demonstrate that AB-QTL analysis is capable of (1) successfully uncovering positive alleles in wild germplasm that were
not obvious based on the phenotype of the parent (2) offering an estimation of the breeding value of exotic germplasm, (3)
generating near isogenic lines that can be used as the basis for gene isolation and also as parents for further crossing in
a variety development program and (4) providing gene-based markers for targeted introgression of alleles using marker-assisted-selection
(MAS). Knowledge gained from studies examining the population structure and evolutionary history of rice is helping to illuminate
a long-term strategy for exploiting and simultaneously preserving the well-partitioned gene pools in rice. 相似文献
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水稻几个披垂叶突变体的表型研究及其遗传分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
随着水稻功能基因组学的发展,水稻突变体已成为研究相关基因功能与表达的良好实验材料。同时,水稻突变体还可以为当今水稻常规育种和分子育种提供新的种质资源。本文主要阐述了几个水稻披垂叶突变体在株型、株高、穗粒数、结实率、千粒重等方面的特征特性,并分析了它们在与正常植株杂交后F1、F2群体表现。研究表明,突变体与野生型正常植株杂交的F1代在经济学性状和生物学性状上均表现出超亲优势,而在F2群体中表现出有规则的分离,3个突变体中披垂叶性状均为隐性基因控制。在突变体材料MR304中,控制披垂性状的为2对隐性基因,其中1对为主效基因。在突变体材料MR168和MR312中,控制披垂性状的均为单隐性基因。 相似文献
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Hiroshi Shinada Toshio Yamamoto Hirokazu Sato Eiji Yamamoto Kiyosumi Hori Junichi Yonemaru Takashi Sato Kenji Fujino 《Breeding Science》2015,65(5):388-395
Plant breeding programs aim to develop cultivars with high adaptability to the specific conditions in a local region. As a result, unique genes and gene combinations have been accumulated in local elite breeding populations during the long history of plant breeding. Genetic analyses on such genes and combinations may be useful for developing new cultivars with more-desirable agronomic traits. Here, we attempted to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) for rice blast resistance (BR) using a local breeding rice population from Hokkaido, Japan. Using genotyping data on single nucleotide polymorphisms and simple sequence repeat markers distributed throughout the whole genomic region, we detected genetic regions associated with phenotypic variation in BR by a genome-wide association mapping study (GWAS). An additional association analysis using other breeding cultivars verified the effect and inheritance of the associated region. Furthermore, the existence of a gene for BR in the associated region was confirmed by QTL mapping. The results from these studies enabled us to estimate potential of the Hokkaido rice population as a gene pool for improving BR. The results of this study could be useful for developing novel cultivars with vigorous BR in rice breeding programs. 相似文献