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管窥我国现行品种审定制度 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
随着我国农业、种业的发展,现阶段的品种审定制度已明显滞后于发展要求,品种过多,同质化现象严重,侵权案例越来越多,评审指标过于机械.品审制度应体现其评价、管理、服务职能.建议品种审定制度要做到能进能出,审进慎出;要结合品种自身特性和推广全过程实现的可行性开展品种评价工作;要把握"两个突破","两个结合";要理顺国审与省审的关系;要参考借鉴国际先进管理经验. 相似文献
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四川省农作物品种审定制度经历了起步创建、完善发展、改革创新三个阶段,逐步建立了比较完善的组织管理体系和试验网络体系,健全了一套完整的规章标准体系和技术评价体系,品种审定工作取得了辉煌成就,但仍存在亟待解决的问题.本文详细分析了当前四川品种审定存在的主要问题,对今后的改革提出了个人见解,供同仁商榷,领导参考. 相似文献
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创新品种制度改革 完善品种审定制度 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
品种审定是我们国家评价品种的最主要的方法,为新品种的推广、农业增产增收起到了积极作用,当前在实际工作中品种审定存在着一些问题,我们从一个基层种子管理者的亲身体会．分析了实际工作中品种审定存在的问题,提出了解决方案．希望完善品种审定制度．使之更好地为农业生产服务。 相似文献
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品种审定制度是政府降低品种使用风险,保护育种者、经营者和使用者利益,保证农业生产安全的有效措施之一。河南省是全国成立农作物品种审定委员会较早的省份,经过30多年的发展,建立了一套较为完善的规章制度和审定程序,完成7次审定委员会换届工作,审定(引种)主要农作物品种1737个,这些品种对促进河南省农业生产发展、保障国家粮食安全和改善人民生活质量发挥了重要作用。河南省品种审定工作是全国的一个缩影,通过回顾河南省品种审定现状以及建章立制过程,思考品种审定的未来,达到总结经验、改革创新、完善审定制度之目的。 相似文献
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我国蔬菜产业和科学技术的发展与展望 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1 我国蔬菜产业的发展现状蔬菜是人们日常生活中不可缺少的副食品,也是我国目前种植业中最具活力的经济作物。改革开放以来,随着市场经济的发展,农产品产销体制的不断改革和完善,特别是1988年实施“菜篮子工程”以来,蔬菜产业得到了蓬勃发展。1.1 播种面积1987~1999年,全国蔬菜播种面积由533.3万hm2,发展到1333.3万hm2,增长139.5%。1.2 总产量1987~1999年,全国蔬菜总产量由1.55亿t增加到4.05亿t,增长161.3%,使年人均鲜菜占有量达到330.7kg(世界各国人均105kg…… 相似文献
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Oil and protein crops are of growing importance in cropping systems. This study was carried out to compare oil crops of linseed, rapeseed, sunflower and protein crops of faba bean and white lupin for grain production, residual plant dry matter and nitrogen. Two field experiments with either oil or protein crops were conducted in 1993 and 1994, respectively. Total dry matter production, grain yield, residues, N concentrations and mineral N in the soil were measured. Dry matter production and distribution as well as N uptake and residues varied greatly among species and between years. In 1993, oil crops gave up to 3 t ha−1 grain and 16 t ha−1 residues with sunflower, while in 1994 up to 5 and 11 t ha−1, respectively, were recorded with winter rape. Protein crops showed an opposite reaction in years. Nitrogen uptake and residual N amounts were correlated with dry matter production. Plant residues of oil crops contained 20–140 kg N ha−1; those of protein crops up to 80 kg N ha−1. Despite the variation of residual plant N the variability of mineral N in the soil at harvest was hardly influenced by crops and amounted to only 20–50 kg NO−3-N ha−1. 相似文献
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莫曾梅 《农产品加工．学刊》2019,(7):78-80
随着生活水平的提高,果蔬产品成为人们摄取营养元素的重要食品之一。分析了我国果蔬采后存在的问题,并对低温及气调保鲜、化学保鲜剂、涂膜保鲜技术及超声保鲜技术等贮藏保鲜技术研究进行了综述,指出我国果蔬贮藏保鲜技术持续、稳定、健康的发展要倚重于科技创新。 相似文献
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以Y05-222A和Y06-136R杂交得到的135株F2群体为研究材料,测定过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、脯氨酸（Pro）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、可溶性蛋白和丙二醛（MDA）等6个生理指标,并进行方差分析、相关性分析和通径分析,对F2群体进行偏度及峰度分析。结果显示,以上6个生理指标在F2群体中P>0.05,分布频率符合正态分布,同时存在双向超亲分离现象;相关性分析和通径分析显示,这些指标与抗盐碱系数均呈极显著相关（正相关或负相关）,且相关系数与总间接通径系数方向一致。POD活性的直接通径系数为0.5003,可见POD直接影响抗盐碱性;CAT活性和Pro含量的直接通径系数分别为-0.1317和-0.0384,间接影响抗盐碱性;SOD活性、MDA及可溶性蛋白含量直接或间接影响抗盐碱性。POD、SOD、Pro、CAT、可溶性蛋白和MDA各生理指标的抗盐碱作用表现为POD>CAT>Pro>可溶性蛋白>MDA>SOD。叶片数、株高、茎粗和盘径与抗盐碱系数呈极显著正相关,其相关性表现为叶片数>盘径>株高>茎粗。以上结果可为研究油用向日葵抗盐碱性提供一定的理论基础。 相似文献
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《Journal of Landscape Research》2013,(Z1)
Definition of Fengshui and the theories of selecting mountain and water environment in Fengshui were elaborated. Theories about mountain-water relationship were expounded from the perspective of piling of rockeries and layout of water, a residential area in Hefei City, Beijing Olympics Park, Hangzhou Prince Bay Park, mineral pit of Shanghai Chenshan Botanic Garden, Beijing Beihai Park, Shanghai Changfeng Park were taken for example to demonstrate the influence of traditional rockery and mountain layout in Fengshui on modern landscape design. 相似文献
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果蔬食品的褐变与控制 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
结合生产实际,对果蔬食品产生褐变的机理及其控制途径进行探讨。通过遗传学途径,培育果蔬新品种,使之不含易氧化变色物质,增强其天然抗褐变性,是控制果蔬褐变的根本途径。 相似文献
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LI Zhi-liang~ 《保鲜与加工》2004,(7):82-85
Some novel concepts of chemomics/molomics are proposed including hydrocarbomics, alcophenomics, carboxomics, pepitomics, metabonomics, etc. like genomics, protomics and glycomics in bioomics. Some examples are given to demonstrate the chemomics and/or molomics methodology and technology based chemoinformatics and bioinformatics and their wide applications in Chemistry and Biology. 相似文献
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Acidity and sweetness in apple and pear 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Summary Sweetness and acidity in apple and pear inherit independently and can be organoleptically evaluated separately, but less accurately in pear than in apple. For breeding purposes an analysis of fruits for acidity and sweetness with pH indicator paper and a hand refractometer is to be prefered to the organoleptic method.In apple, the acidity-decreasing with time-of the unripe fruit was already strongly indicative of that of the eating-ripe fruit; sugar-increasing with time-not before the fruit was picking ripe. Sugar content in apple and pear, and the pH in pear, appeared to be normally distributed; the pH in apple showed a segregation into an acid and a low-acid group, which occurred in both the unripe and ripe stage. The segregation ratio between these groups was found to be highly variable. On the whole, the mean acidity and sugar content of apple and pear progenies is significantly determined by that of the parents. Most of the observations made did not support the theory that low acidity in apple is determined by one recessive gene. The relationship between the pH of leaf juice and fruit juice in apple may offer a possibility for pre-selection. 相似文献