共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 281 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
4.
条斑星鲽工厂化养殖技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近年来,大菱鲆、牙鲆的工厂化养殖,使我国北方走出了传统池塘粗养的困境,形成了一个规模化的大产业。但随着大菱鲆、牙鲆市场价格的大幅下滑,人们又把目光瞄向了鲆鲽类新品种。条斑星鲽外观漂亮优美, 相似文献
5.
大菱鲆Scophthalmus maximus具有生长速度快和低温耐受力强等特点,是世界上养成范围最广、产量最大的鲆鲽类养殖良种。自1992年引进至今,大菱鲆养殖已经发展成为年产量超过6万t的海水养殖支柱产业。作者综述过去20年里,我国大菱鲆在产业发展、苗种生产、良种选育、养殖模式、营养与饲料、疾病防控、加工与质量控制、养殖经济以及市场开拓等方面所取得的系列成果,并就发展前景进行了展望,旨在为我国大菱鲆和鲆鲽类养殖的可持续发展提供参考。 相似文献
6.
7.
根据鲆鲽类海水鱼的生理生态特点,整合双排水、多级物理过滤、臭氧消毒杀菌、纯氧混合增氧等关键的水质调控技术,构建了低能耗、低成本、高效益的半封闭循环水养殖系统,以大菱鲆为试验对象,通过试运行探讨了其可行性和实用性。养殖试验分3个阶段,对期间各项水质指标的动态变化进行了监测。结果表明:在日换水率为50 %时,各项水质指标均保持在鲆鲽类生长的适宜范围内；大菱鲆生长情况良好,成活率92 %,平均养殖密度达18.4 kg·m-3；与流水养殖模式比较,养鱼污水经过循环利用,每生产1 kg鱼节约能耗24 %,节水85 %。该鲆鲽类半封闭循环水养殖系统的可行性和经济性良好,适宜于在山东、河北、辽宁等北方沿海地区大力推广应用。 相似文献
8.
条斑星鲽俗称"花豹子"、"花边爪"。笔者从2005年开始进行条斑星鲽的养殖生产,试验表明,条斑星鲽是一个值得推广的工厂化养殖优良品种。现将其养殖技术简要介绍如下:一、养殖设施目前,条斑星鲽的养殖方法与其他鲆鲽类相似,工厂化养殖是条斑星鲽的主要养殖方式。可利用大菱鲆工厂化养殖池,养殖池面积一般为30～60米2,池深60～70厘米。 相似文献
9.
鲆鲽类产业技术需求调查与建议 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
一、被调查单位总体概况
在回收的128份问卷中,辽宁29份,河北18份,天律7份,山东57份,江苏6份,福建11份.被调查单位数量分布与鲆鲽类主产区产量分布基本吻合,可反映出产业技术需求总体状况.从养殖单位性质看,被调查的128家养殖生产者中,16家为养殖企业,112家为个体养殖户.从养殖品种及其分布看,被调查养殖单位所养殖的鲆鲽类品种有大菱鲆、牙鲆、半滑舌鳎、星突江鲽、条斑星鲽、圆斑星鲽、漠斑牙鲆以及欧鳎.其中101户养殖了大菱鲆,32户养殖了牙鲆,31户养殖了半滑舌鳎,2户养殖了星突江鲽,6户养殖了条斑星鲽,5户养殖了圆斑星鲽,2户养殖了漠斑牙鲆,1户养殖了欧鳎. 相似文献
10.
11.
Bert Lambooij Hanne Digre Ulf Erikson Henny Reimert Dirk Burggraaf Hans van de Vis 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):371-379
The aim of this study was to assess electrical stunning of Atlantic cod and turbot in seawater to develop a protocol for the process of stunning and killing. An induced general epileptiform insult (unconscious) had a duration of 40 ± 27 s (n =14) in cod (2.6 ± 0.5 kg) and 34 ± 18 s (n = 19) in turbot (520 ± 65 g). Seven cod and 3 turbot displayed a physical reaction, and 11 turbot registered an electroencephalogram (EEG) response to pain stimuli administered 30 s post-stun. The heart rate was 32 ± 6 beats/min in cod and 25 ± 7 beats/min in turbot prior to stunning. Post-stunning, the electrocardiogram (ECG) revealed fibrillation and reduced activity post-stun. EEG, ECG recordings, and behavioral observations indicate that when a bipolar square wave current was applied with a frequency of 133 Hz and 43% duty cycle side to side (turbot) and at 170 Hz and 33% duty cycle (cod) head to tail, both species were stunned in seawater at current densities of 3.2 A/dm2 and 2.5 A/dm2, respectively. For turbot, a 5 s exposure to electricity followed by chilling in ice water for 15 min is sufficient to prevent recovery. For cod, a killing method needs to be established. 相似文献
12.
利用荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术将5S rDNA基因定位在牙鲆和半滑舌鳎染色体上,结果表明,5S rDNA基因在雌、雄性半滑舌鳎的一对同源染色体上分别存在2个杂交信号位点;在二、三倍体牙鲆的同源染色体上分别存在2个和3个杂交信号位点,杂交信号明显且特异。本研究首次将5S rDNA基因定位在半滑舌鳎和三倍体牙鲆的染色体上,为牙鲆及半滑舌鳎倍性鉴定、染色体鉴别提供了有效方法。此外,根据牙鲆5S rDNA基因编码区序列设计引物,扩增出大菱鲆和半滑舌鳎5S rDNA基因编码区序列,与鲽、塞内加尔鳎、大口黑鲈、七鳃鳗的5SrDNA基因序列进行同源性比较后发现,5种鲽形目鱼类5S rDNA基因序列同源性高达98.3%,系统发生分析结果显示5种鲽形目鱼类聚为一支;各序列中GC含量均显著高于AT含量。 相似文献
13.
14.
15.
Francesc Piferrer Rosa M. Cal Castora Gmez Carmen Bouza Paulino Martínez 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2003,220(1-4):821-831
Triploidy was induced in the turbot (Scophthalmus maximus, L.) by applying cold shocks shortly after fertilization. The combined effects of the timing of cold shock commencement after fertilization, cold shock duration and cold shock temperature were investigated. Ploidy was assessed by counting the number of nucleoli per nucleus (NOR) in larvae and also by measuring erythrocyte size in juveniles. A clear peak in triploidy induction was obtained when shocks were started between 6 and 7 min after fertilization at a pre-shock temperature of 13–14°C. With this timing, shocks of 20-min duration at 0°C gave >90% triploidy, with survival about 80% of the untreated controls. In order to ensure both high triploidy rates and high survival, it was necessary to carefully maintain the water temperature just below 0°C. Experiments with small and large volumes of eggs were performed in order to determine how changes in the relative volumes of eggs and chilled water could affect survival and triploidy induction. The best combination to induce triploidy in the turbot was as follows: shock commencement 6.5 min after fertilization, shock duration 25 min, and shock temperature between 0 and −1°C. With this combination, 100% triploidy could consistently be induced with survival 60% of the untreated control. This was successfully applied to a large volume of eggs (300 ml; 1 ml 800 eggs) in order to mass-produce triploid turbot. Triploids had lower survival rate than diploids at hatching but similar thereafter, with the ability to complete the different stages of larval rearing, indicating the viability to produce triploid turbot under farming conditions. 相似文献
16.
Humoral immune response of turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.), to antigens from Tetramicra brevifilum Matthews & Matthews, 1980 (Microspora) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
J. LEIRO J. ESTÉVEZ M. T. SANTAMARINA M. L. SANMARTÍN F. M. UBEIRA 《Journal of fish diseases》1993,16(6):577-584
Abstract. The humoral immune response of turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.), to antigens from the microsporean parasite Tetramicra brevifilum Matthews & Matthews, 1980, was studied. Thirty days after intraperitoneal immunization with whole T. brevifilum spores in Freund's complete adjuvant, double indirect ELISA indicated that initial production of antibodies to parasite surface antigens was considerably higher than production of antibodies to the antigens contained in a crude extract (CE) of spores. Following re-immunization without adjuvant on day 30, levels of antibodies to surface antigens gradually declined, whilst levels of antibodies to CE antigens increased. The antibody response of intraperitoneally immunized fish was characterized by Western blotting of total soluble antigens obtained by heating and reduction of T. brevifilum spores at 95–100°C in Tris-HCl buffer containing SDS and dithiothreitol: a series of bands with molecular weights between 20 and 53 kDa was recognized by immunized turbot sera. Four additional bands (with molecular weights between 15 and 18kdA) were recognized by serum from re-immunized fish. ELISA studies of sera from naturally infected fish revealed a surprisingly low incidence of strong T. brevifilum seropositivity (61% individuals); antibodies to surface antigens predominated in seropositive individuals. The low background response levels and high sensitivity of the ELISA used in this study indicate that the assay is of value for the monitoring of serum antibody levels in turbot. However, given the relatively low seropositivities observed in naturally infected turbot, particularly to CE antigens, the use of anti- T. brevifilum serum antibody levels for the diagnosis of infection by this parasite may lead to false negative results. 相似文献
17.
亚麻籽油替代鱼油对大菱鲆幼鱼生长、脂肪酸组成及脂肪沉积的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
为研究亚麻籽油替代不同鱼油水平对大菱鲆幼鱼[初始体质量为(5.89±0.02)g]生长、脂肪酸组成以及肝脏和肌肉脂肪沉积的影响,以亚麻籽油分别替代0、33.3%、66.7%和100%鱼油,配制4种等氮等脂饲料。每组饲料随机投喂3组实验鱼,饱食投喂,养殖周期为92 d。结果发现,饲料亚麻籽油水平并未显著影响大菱鲆幼鱼存活率(SR)和特定生长率(SGR),但显著影响其摄食率(FI)、饲料效率(FE)和表观净蛋白利用率(ANPU)。随饲料亚麻籽油水平升高,FI显著升高,而FE和ANPU显著下降,且其均在100%亚麻籽油组分别达到最大值或最小值。饲料亚麻籽油水平并未显著影响大菱鲆饲料脂肪表观消化率、肝体比和肌肉脂肪含量。当饲料中亚麻籽油替代100%鱼油,鱼体肝脏脂肪含量显著高于全鱼油组。肝脏和肌肉脂肪酸组成与饲料脂肪酸组成相似。相对于全鱼油组,亚麻籽油替代组肌肉和肝脏中亚油酸和亚麻酸显著升高,而EPA和DHA含量显著下降。研究表明,大菱鲆饲料中亚麻籽油替代水平应低于66.7%,且大菱鲆饲料中n-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸含量需大于0.8%。 相似文献
18.
两种方法分析大鳞鲃染色体核型的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
染色体核型分析是细胞遗传学研究的主要内容。为了获得准确、便捷的染色体核型分析方法,以引进耐盐碱品种大鳞鲃为实验材料,取头肾细胞冷滴片法制备染色体标本,采用E-ruler测量软件和Photoshop图像软件结合完成了染色体核型分析,并与常规方法的测量结果、核型分析进行了比较。结果显示,E-ruler软件与常规方法对伸展平直染色体的测量无显著差异,前者对弯曲形态染色体的测量结果更为准确;Photoshop图像软件能剔除染色体中期分裂相照片的背景,准确判断着丝粒的位置,快速、便捷地完成染色体核型图拼贴。研究表明,利用E-ruler软件和Photoshop软件相结合可获得准确、清晰的核型分析结果,本方法适用于其他鱼类和生物的染色体核型分析。染色体分析结果显示,大鳞鲃的染色体组为二倍体,未发现与性别有关的异型染色体,核型公式为2n=100=12m+38sm+38st+12t,NF=150。同鲃科其他鱼类的核型相比,大鳞鲃与国内几种倒刺鲃核型类似,具有鲃亚科进化核型特征。 相似文献
19.
Jian-He Xu Feng You Wei Sun Bin-Lun Yan Pei-Jun Zhang Bi-Xiang Jing 《Aquaculture International》2008,16(6):623-634
Turbot Scophthalmus maximus exhibits sexually dimorphic growth, with females growing faster and reaching larger adult sizes than males. Thus, development
of techniques for preferentially producing females is necessary to optimize production of these species. In this paper, gynogenetic
diploids of turbot were induced by activating egg development with ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated left-eyed flounder Paralichthys olivaceus sperm combined with cold shock to prevent extrusion of the second polar body. The results of UV irradiation experiments showed
that survival, motility, and duration of activity of P. olivaceus sperm generally decreased with increase in UV dose. The typical Hertwig’s effect was observed after fertilized turbot eggs
with UV-irradiated P. olivaceus sperm and the optimal UV dose for gynogenetic haploid production was 36,000 erg mm−2. At 15°C, appropriate timing of cold shock for retention of the second polar body in turbot eggs was at 6 min after fertilization.
Results of different combinations of two shock temperatures (1 or 3°C) and four shock durations (15, 25, 35 or 45 min) at
6 min after fertilization demonstrated that shock of 25 min at 1°C gave the highest production of diploid gynogens (39.58%
relative to its diploid control). The results of this study reveal that the use of UV-irradiated P. olivaceus sperm for activation of turbot eggs and cold shock for polar body retention is an effective method to produce gynogenetic
offspring. 相似文献
20.
Sung Il Lee Kerim Y. Aydin Paul D. Spencer Thomas K. Wilderbuer Chang Ik Zhang 《Fisheries Science》2010,76(3):411-434
We evaluated the role of flatfishes in the organization and structure of the eastern Bering Sea ecosystem using the Ecopath/Ecosim
approach. As basic input data for the Ecopath/Ecosim model, we used estimates of biomass from bottom trawl surveys and age-structured
population models, production/biomass (P/B) ratio, consumption/biomass (Q/B) ratio, diet composition (DC), and fisheries harvests for each component of species or species groups. We estimated the trophic
level of each component, niche overlaps among flatfishes, and the impacts of competition and predation on flatfish species
in the eastern Bering Sea ecosystem. Based on those estimates, we developed the tropho-dynamic structure of the ecosystem,
and the model was used to simulate ecological effects of fishery exploitation patterns. No single flatfish species appeared
to have a profound and uniquely important role in the organization and structure of the ecosystem. Instead, the most important
component among the guild of flatfish species appeared to be yellowfin sole Pleuronectes asper, which had greater biomass than other flatfish and a relatively diverse diet among the small flatfish species. Pacific halibut
Hippoglossus stenolepis, Greenland turbot Reinhardtius hippoglossoides, and arrowtooth flounder Atheresthes stomias were important keystone predators in the eastern Bering Sea ecosystem together with some groups of marine mammals and sea
birds. Intra flatfish complex cannibalism was not observed, however, substantial diet overlaps were common in the flatfish
guild system. 相似文献