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1.
致犊牛腹泻产肠毒素大肠杆菌及其检测   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
大肠杆菌是动物肠道中的正常菌群之一,可以分为致病性和非致病性两大类。在通常情况下,大肠杆菌并不引起疾病,因此人们最初认为大肠杆菌是动物肠道中的正常菌群。直到1885年Escherich首次从婴儿腹泻物中分离出大肠杆菌后,才开始认识到其致病性。致泻性大肠杆菌是引起人畜腹泻的致病性大肠杆菌的通称,主要包括肠致病性大肠杆菌(EPEC),肠出血性大肠杆菌(EH EC),肠侵袭性大肠杆菌(EIEG)和肠产毒性大肠杆菌(ETEC)。而肠毒素型大肠杆菌(En-terotoxigenic E.coli,ETEC)是引起婴幼儿、哺乳动物腹泻的重要病原菌是目前研究的热点之一。ET…  相似文献   

2.
大肠杆菌为人和动物肠道的正常菌群,其中某些菌株可引起人和动物腹泻,这些菌株称为肠道致病性大肠杆菌。肠道致病性大肠杆菌按其致病机理不同分成三类:(1)产肠毒素大肠杆菌(ETEC),(2)致病性大  相似文献   

3.
致病性大肠杆菌包括肠道内致病性大肠杆菌及肠外致病性大肠杆菌,肠外致病性大肠杆菌包括:尿道致病性大肠杆菌(Uropathogenic Escherichia coli, UPEC)、新生儿脑膜炎大肠杆菌(Neonatal meningitis Escherichia coli, NMEC),禽致病性大肠杆菌(Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli, APEC)等“。肠外致病性大肠杆菌常引发腹泻、尿路感染、新生儿脑膜炎和败血症等多种疾病,给人和动物的健康和公共卫生带来严重威胁[1].  相似文献   

4.
1 病原 许多大肠杆菌是有益的,但也有些类型(血清型、菌株)的大肠杆菌是有害的,依靠其菌毛粘着在肠黏膜上皮细胞表面定植,产生肠毒素、水肿素、内毒素等而引起致病作用,被称为致病性大肠杆菌.不同血清型的致病性大肠杆菌菌株很多,但在1个猪场引起仔猪黄、白痢病的主要菌株一般只有几种,同时主要致病菌株毒力或菌型常会发生变化.引起仔猪白痢的病原除致病性大肠杆菌外,还有肠道菌群失调、轮状病毒感染或其他细菌感染的情况.致病性大肠杆菌对外界因素抵抗力不强,在阴暗潮湿环境中存活不超过1个月,在寒冷干燥情况下存活时间较久,常用的消毒药均可将其杀死.  相似文献   

5.
大肠杆菌是肠道中最常见的一类细菌,依据它的致病性可分为产毒素性大肠杆菌(ETEC)、肠道致病性大肠杆菌(EPEC)、侵袭性大肠杆菌(EIEC)、出血性大肠杆菌(ETEC)、尿道致病性大肠杆菌(UPEC)五大类。其中EHEC是引起幼畜腹泻的主要病原体,它的致病性取决于ETEC在宿主小肠上皮细胞上定居的能力和产生肠毒素的能力,两者缺一不可。ETEC定居于小肠上皮细胞能力是因为具有定居因子(或称为粘着  相似文献   

6.
禽致病性大肠杆菌的血清型以O1、O2、O8、O78等为主。研究表明，这类大肠杆菌均具有菌毛。菌毛叉称纤毛、柔毛，是大肠杆菌的一种蛋白质突起，禽大肠杆菌菌毛主要有I型菌毛和P型菌毛两种，目前认为菌毛是大肠杆菌的重要致病因子，与大肠杆菌的致病性密切相关，菌体借助菌毛与气管黏膜上的特异性受体结合，从而致病。菌毛在体外的表达具有温度及营养的依赖性。近年来，对大肠杆菌菌毛的研究越来越多，特别是随着分子生物学的发展，对禽大肠杆菌菌毛的研究也不断深入，取得了不少的研究成果。本文试就禽致病性大肠杆菌菌毛的体外表达与提取、粘附特性与致病性、免疫学特性及其分子生物学的有关研究作一综述，以供参考。  相似文献   

7.
肠外致病性大肠杆菌(Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli, ExPEC)是一类特定定植于宿主肠道外其它组织,并严重致病的一类新的大肠杆菌菌群。本文对肠外致病性大肠杆菌的流行、危害及防治进行了综述。  相似文献   

8.
鸡源大肠杆菌耐药性的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
大肠杆菌是人及动物消化道中的正常寄生菌群,一般情况下对机体无害,并且在肠道内能合成维生素B和维生素K,产生大肠菌素,对机体有益。但由于人们对抗生素药物使用不当,诱发形成了抗药菌株,并使其不断增加与扩散,在多种动物体内呈现致病作用,成为致病性大肠杆菌。由致病性大肠杆菌引起的大肠杆菌病在猪、鸡、鸭、鱼乃至人类中均有发病的报道。大肠杆菌病的广泛流行,不仅危及人、畜健康,还造成巨大的经济损失,因此,对大肠杆菌及大肠杆菌病的研究是非常必要的。  相似文献   

9.
基因工程苗预防仔猪大肠杆菌病效果分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
仔猪大肠杆菌病是由病原性大肠杆菌引起的传染病。在20世纪50年代以前,一直被当作正常肠道菌群的组成部分,认为是非致病性的,到50年代以后,才认识到一些特殊血清型的大肠杆菌对人和动物有致病性。大肠杆菌血清型用O：K：H表示,一般使仔猪致病的血清型为肠产毒性大肠杆菌ETEC中的F4（K88）、F5（K99）、F8（987P）类大肠杆菌。  相似文献   

10.
大肠埃希氏杆菌简称大肠杆菌是寄居肠道的优势菌群之一,某些血清型毒力较强为致病性大肠杆菌,可引起人类腹泻。致腹泻性大肠杆菌根据致病机制不同可分为5种类型:肠出血性大肠杆菌,肠侵袭性大肠杆菌,肠致病性大肠杆菌,肠产毒性大肠杆菌,肠集聚性大肠杆菌。大肠杆菌O157∶H7是最常见类型,O表示其抗原类型,H7表示血清型。大肠杆菌O157∶H7的感染剂量极低,有人认为食入不足10个细菌就可致病,且病死率相对较高,发病后服用抗生素有无效果尚无定论,目前还没有特效疫苗生产。以上这些因素决定了大  相似文献   

11.
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12.
Pharmacokinetics and milk levels of ceftriaxone were studied in healthy and endometritic cows following single intravenous administration. The drug was detected up to 8 h of dosing in plasma of healthy and endometritic cows and the drug disposition followed three-compartment open model. The values of Vdarea, AUC, t1/2β, ClB, MRT and P/C ratio were 0.50 ± 0.19 L.kg−1, 62.2 ± 23.3 μg.ml−1.h, 1.02 ± 0.07 h, 0.30 ± 0.09 L.kg−1.h−1, 1.55 ± 0.25 h and 0.52 ± 0.27, respectively, in healthy and 1.55 ± 0.52 L.kg−1, 37.0 ± 17.1 μg.ml−1.h, 1.56 ± 0.25 h, 0.56 ± 0.14 L.kg−1.h−1, 2.14 ± 0.34 h and 1.44 ± 0.60, respectively, in endometritic cows. The drug was detected in milk for 36 h after administration. For MIC90 of 0.5 μg.ml−1 the most appropriate dosage for ceftriaxone, would be 9.0 mg.kg−1 repeated at 6 h intervals for the treatment of endometritis in cows.  相似文献   

13.
This study aimed to evaluate the exogenous progesterone (P4) effect on the luteal function from Day 16 to Day 21 of the oestrous cycle in inseminated goats with unknown pregnancy status. A total of 54 does passed through a short progestin-based synchronization protocol and, on Day 16 of the following oestrous cycle, 27 does received a new P4 device which was retained until Day 21. Blood samples were collected daily from all does during this period, as well as on Day 24. Pregnancy diagnoses were performed on Day 30. Serum P4 values from 26 animals (GNPSP: Group of non-pregnant does with second sponge: n = 8; GNPNSP: Group of non-pregnant does without second sponge: n = 6; GPSP: Group of pregnant does with second sponge: n = 5; GPNSP: Group of pregnant does without second sponge: n = 7) were determined by radioimmunoassay commercial kits. No P4 differences were found between groups (GNPSP: 3.1 ± 2.8; 1.7 ± 1.8; 0.4 ± 1.0; and 0.0 ± 0.0 vs. GNPNSP: 4.4 ± 1.8; 3.0 ± 2.2; 0.8 ± 0.8; and 0.0 ± 0.0 or GPSP: 4.2 ± 1.0; 3.4 ± 0.6; 3.3 ± 1.6; 3.2 ± 0.9; 3.6 ± 1.2; 3.5 ± 1.3; 2.7 ± 1.3 vs. GPNSP: 4.4 ± 1.6; 3.6 ± 1.5; 3.7 ± 1.5; 3.8 ± 1.4; 3.2 ± 1.2; 3.1 ± 1.2; 3.6 ± 1.1; D16, D17, D18, D19, D20, D21, D24, respectively) or for the interaction of group and time. In conclusion, a second progestogen device had no effect on luteolysis or early pregnancy in the following oestrous cycle.  相似文献   

14.
Seventy crossbred ewe lambs, born from Pelibuey (PB) dams mated with five sire breeds: White Dorper × PB (WD × PB), Black Head Dorper × PB (BHD × PB), Ile de France × PB (Ile × PB) Katahdin × PB (KT × PB) and Pelibuey (PB × PB), were used to determine age and weight to puberty, follicular populations during prepubertal development, ovulation rate at first ovulation and function of the first corpus luteum (FCL). Ewe lambs were maintained under grazing conditions and were supplemented with 300 g head− 1 day− 1 of a concentrate with 14% CP and 3.0 Mcal ME kg− 1 of DM. From 145 days of age, monthly observations were performed by endoscopy to monitor follicular populations and luteal structures. Ovarian follicles were classified according to size into small (≥ 1 and < 3 mm), medium (≥ 3 and ≤ 4 mm) and large (> 4 mm). Additionally, weekly observations by ultrasonography were performed in four ewes per genotype to assess follicular populations. Luteal function from first ovulation was determined by circulating concentrations of progesterone. Ovulation rate was not affected by genotype (P > 0.05). All breed groups had the same pattern of follicular populations, where most of follicles were small, followed by medium and a small proportion of large follicles. Maximum diameter of follicles was similar for all genotypes during prepubertal development (P > 0.05), with an average range of 3.9 ± 0.20 to 4.4 ± 0.20 mm. The BHD × PB reached puberty at the youngest age of 240.9 ± 13.0 days, compared to all other genotypes (P < 0.05), 259.1 ± 11.7 for WD × PB, 279.3 ± 9.6 for KT × PB and 289.0 ± 15.3 days for PB × PB and 308.6 ± 11.9 days for Ile × PB ewe lambs. Ile × PB had greater weight to first ovulation (31.5 ± 1.19 kg) as compared to other breed groups (P < 0.01). The largest percentage of FCL was for KT × PB ewes (100%) (P < 0.05), followed by BHD × PB (88.9%), PB × PB (83.3), WD × PB (78.6%) and Ile × PB (77.8%). There were no differences in ovulation rate attributable to type of lambing from which ewe lambs came from (P > 0.05). BHD × PB ewe lambs reached puberty at an earlier age than other in this study. KT × PB ewe lambs had the highest percentage of FCL in their first ovulation. Breed of sire Ile de France increased weight to puberty and decreased FCL at first ovulation. In conclusion, the BHD × PB ewe showed puberty at an earlier age than other genotypes, while the KT × PB had the highest percentage of functional corpus luteum in their first ovulation. Ewe lambs coming from single lambings reach puberty at a heavier weight than those coming from multiple lambings. The ovulation rate in the first ovulation of ewe lambs is not affected by genotype and type of lambing.  相似文献   

15.
Four growing pigs (initial liveweight 25.9 ± 0.54 kg, final liveweight 43.0 ± 1.06 kg) were used to study the effect of dietary lysine level on nutrient digestibility, whole-body protein turnover, plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), growth hormone (GH), insulin, glucose, and urea nitrogen (PUN). Four diets, containing 7.0 g (L1), 9.5 g (L2), 12.0 g (L3) and 14.5 g (L4) lysine per kg diet respectively, were formulated as experimental treatments. The animals and diets were allocated in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Nitrogen (N) metabolism and whole-body protein turnover were measured by classical method and single-dose 15N end-product method, respectively. The blood samples were taken at the end of each experimental period. Results showed that N retention (NR) and N biological value (NBV) were significantly increased from L1 to L4 (P < 0.05). However, differences in NR and NBV between L2, L3 and L4 were not significant (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference on dry matter (DM) digestibility, organic matter (OM) digestibility and N digestibility between different treatments (P > 0.05). Whole-body protein synthesis, protein degradation and protein accretion increased markedly from L1 to L2 (P < 0.05), but did not increase further from L2 to L4. Whole-body protein accretion (y, g/kg W0.75/d) increased with dietary lysine (x, g/kg) in a quadratic manner: y = − 0.09x2 + 2.12x − 5.14 (r2 = 0.96, n = 4, P < 0.05).The results also showed that differences in plasma IGF-I, GH, glucose and PUN concentration between different treatments were not significant (P > 0.05). Plasma insulin concentration (y, μIU/ml) was increased with dietary lysine (x, g/kg) in a quadratic manner: y = 0.23x2 − 4.10x + 32.25 (r2 = 0.99, n = 4, P < 0.05), but it was not found that plasma insulin concentration was related to NR. A significant correlation was found between NR (y, g/d) and plasma IGF-I (x, ng/ml): y = − 3.1 × 10− 3x2 + 1.31x − 122.28 (r2 = 0.99, n = 4, P < 0.05).It was concluded that dietary lysine level had a significant influence on NR and whole-body protein turnover but not on plasma IGF-I and GH concentration. Plasma IGF-I may be an important factor controlling N metabolism of growing pigs. Further research was needed to study the mechanism.  相似文献   

16.
In this study the disposition kinetics and plasma availability of moxifloxacin in Muscovy ducks after single intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.) and oral (p.o.) administrations of 5 mg kg?1 b.wt. were investigated. The concentrations of moxifloxacin in the plasma were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection on samples collected at frequent intervals after drug administration. Following intravenous injection, the decline in plasma drug concentration was bi-exponential with half-lives of (t1/2α) 0.22 ± 0.10 h and (t1/2β) 2.49 ± 0.26 h for distribution and elimination phases, respectively. The volume of distribution at steady-state (Vdss) was 1.02 ± 0.14 l kg?1 and the total body clearance (Cltot) was 0.32 ± 0.11 l kg?1 h?1, respectively. After intramuscular and oral administration of moxifloxacin at the same dose the peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) were 2.38 ± 0.43 and 2.11 ± 0.36 μg ml?1 and were obtained at 1.47 ± 0.26 and 1.83 ± 0.16 h (Tmax), respectively, the elimination half-lives (T1/2el) were 3.14 ± 0.42 and 2.63 ± 0.44 h, respectively, and AUC0–24 were 15.87 ± 2.35 and 14.52 ± 2.37 μg ml?1 h?1, respectively. The systemic bioavailabilities were 96.36 ± 11.54% and 86.79 ± 12.64%, respectively. In vitro plasma protein binding percent was 32%. We concluded that moxifloxacin might be clinically interesting alternative for the treatment of most sensitive bacterial infections in Muscovy ducks.  相似文献   

17.
Summary Leptospira interrogansserotypes pomonaand icterohaemorrhagiaewere isolated from the kidneys of Rattus norvegicustrapped on pomonainfected piggeries.The isolation of pomonafrom one of 111cultured kidneys, although of interest, strongly suggests that this rat does not play an important part in the epidemiology of infection by this serotype. Kidney tubular degeneration, focal mononuclear infiltrations and fibroplasia are morphological traces which remain after an attack of leptospirosis. The high percentage (48.6)of these lesions found in the rat kidneys examined does not seem to be related to serotype pomonabut to icterohaemorrhagiae.The importance of this last serotype in swine in the Cauca Valley has yet to be assessed.
Leptospirosis En Colombia: Aislamiento DeLeptospira SPP. De Riñones De Ratas Pardas (Rattus Norvegicus) Atrapadas En Porquerizas Infectadas
Resumen Se aislóLeptospira interrogans serotipospomona eicterohaemorrhagiae de riñones deRattus norvegicus atrapadas en porquerizas infectadas porpomona. El aislamiento depomona de 1/111 riñones cultivados, aunque de interés, sugiere que esta rata no desempeña parte importante en la epidemiología de las infecciones por este serotipo.Degeneración tubular renal, infiltración mononuclear focal y fibroplasia son huellas morfológicas que quedan después de un ataque de leptospirosis. El alto porcentaje (48.6) de estas lesiones encontradas en los riñones de las ratas examinadas no parece estar relacionado con el serotipopomona sino con elicterohaemorrhagiae. La importancia de este último seroptipo en cerdos en el Valle del Cauca no se ha evaluado todavía.
Leptospiroses En Colombie: Isolement DeLeptospira SPP. De Reins De Rats Bruns (Rattus Norvegicus) Captures Dans Des Porcheries
Résumé Les sérotypespomona eticterohaemorrhagiae deLeptospira interrogans ont été isolés de reins deRattus norvegicus capturés dans des porcheries infectées de (pomona?). L'isolement depomona sur une seule des 111 cultures de rein effectuées, bien qu'interessant, suggère fortement que ce rat ne joue pas un rôle important dans l'épidémiologie de l'infection par ce sérotype.La dégénerescence tubulaire des reins, des infiltrations ponctuelles par des monocucléaires et l'aspect fibreux constituent les traces morphologiques qui demeurent après une attaque de leptospirose. Le pourcentage élevé (48,6) de ces lésions trouvées dans les les reins des rats examinés semble être plus en rapport avec le sérotypeicterohaemorrhagiae qu'avec le sérotypepomona. L'importance du sérotypeicterohaemorrhagiae chez le porc de la Cauca Valley est encore à vérifier.
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18.
Summary Microfilariae of three genera, namelyElaeophora böhmi, Onchocerca cervicalis andParafilaria multipapillosa were recovered from blood samples of equidae in Tehran, Iran. These microfilarial infections in equidae are reported for the first time from Iran.
Infestacion Filaroidea De Equinos En El Area De Teheran, Iran
Resumen Microfilarias de tres géneros,Elaeophora bohmi, Onchocerca cervicalis andParafilaria multipapillosa se aislaron de la sangre de equinos en el area de Teherán, Irán. Este es el primer reporte de la infestación filaroidea de equinos en Irán.
Filariose Des Equides Dans La Region De Teheran En Iran
Résumé Les microfilaires des genresElaeophora böhmi, Onchocerca cervalis etParafilaria multipapillosa ont été trouvées dans des échantillons de sang d'équidés de la région de Téhéran en Iran. C'est la première fois qu'un tel parasitisme des équidés est constaté en Iran.
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19.
Summary A serological survey of cattle in Mali was carried out to determine the prevalence of antibody activity toBabesia bovis andB. bigemina. It was found that the level ofB. bovis infection as indicated by antibody activities was too low to be of immediate concern. However, the serological prevalence ofB. bigemina was high and this may indicate a potential disease problem. It was also found that when zebu and N'Dama cattle grazed together the N'Dama were twice as likely to have positive titres toBabesia as were the zebus.
Prevalencia Serologica De Babesiosis Bovina En Mali
Resumen Se llevó a cabo un análisis serológico en Malí, para detectar la prevalencia deBabesia bovis yBabesia bigemina. Se encontró, que la prevalencia serológica deB. bovis es baja para considerar la enfermedad una amenaza inmediata. Sinembargo, la prevalencia deB. bigemina fué alta, un problema potencial. Tambien se encontró, que cuando el ganado Cebu y N'Dama pastorea junto, el N'Dama presenta el doble de títulos serológicos deB. bigemina.
Frequence Serologique De La Babesiose Bovine Au Mali
Résumé Une enquête sérologique sur le bétail au Mali a été effectuée pour déterminer la fréquence de l'activité des anticorps àBabesia bovis etB. bigemina. On a trouvé que le degré d'infection àB. bovis tel qu'indiqué par les réactions anticorps était trop faible pour constituer un souci immédiat. Cependant la fréquence sérologique deB. bigemina était élevée, ce qui peut indiquer un problème pathologique potentiel. On a aussi noté que lorsque les zébus et les N'Dama broûtaient ensemble, les N'Dama avaient deux fois plus de chance d'avoir des titres positifs àBabesia que ne l'avaient les zébus.
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20.
The study investigated rumen dry matter (DM) degradability characteristics in a completely randomized design and the effects of milk, sweet potato foliage (SPF) from three cultivars (A = TIS-87/0087; B = TIS-8164; C = TIS-2532.OP.1.13), dried brewers' grains (DBG) and cottonseed meal (CSM) as supplements to Panicum maximum (Panicum) for pre-weaned calves in randomized complete block designs. Diet 1 = milk + SPF-A foliage + Panicum, Diet 2 = milk + SPF-B foliage + Panicum, Diet 3 = milk + SPF-C foliage + Panicum, and Diet 4 = milk + DBG & CSM + Panicum (as control). Dry matter (130 ± 0.4 to 864 ± 3.9 g kg− 1), ash (54 ± 4.2 to 173 ± 2.8 g kg− 1 DM), OM (827 ± 4.2 to 946 ± 5.7 g kg− 1 DM), N (7.4 ± 0.6 to 38.6 ± 1.4 g kg− 1 DM), and NDF (439 ± 1.4 to 774 ± 8.5 g kg− 1 DM) contents were highly significant (P < 0.01). In Trial I, 16 pre-weaned calves were used over 70 d with milk intake (34.8 ± 4.4 ml kg W− 0.75 d− 1), Panicum DMI (22.3 ± 2.77 g kg W− 0.75 d− 1), total DMI (35.7 ± 2.83 g kg W− 0.75 d− 1), and LWG (198 ± 44.6 g d− 1) not significantly different (P > 0.05). Supplement DMI varied (P < 0.05) from 11.6 g kg W− 0.75 d− 1 in Diet 3 to 16.6 g kg W− 0.75 d− 1 in Diet 4. In Trial II, 16 pre-weaned local and crossbred calves were involved over 77 d with initial age of calves, Panicum intake, metabolic DMI, and LWG similar (P > 0.05) among crosses. Birthweight varied (P < 0.05) from 17.3 kg for N'Dama × Jersey crosses to 21.2 kg for White Fulani × Brown Swiss crosses. Supplement and total DMI ranged (P < 0.05) from 172 to 483 g d− 1 for N'Dama × Jersey crosses to 233 and 674 g d− 1 for non-inseminate or purebred calves, respectively. The LWG in the White Fulani × Brown Swiss and the N'Dama × Jersey calves were respectively 30% and 24% better, though not significantly, than purebred calves. In Trial III, rumen DM degradability characteristics of feeds in three N'Dama steers showed no significant differences (P > 0.05) in slowly degradable fraction (b) and rate of degradation of b (c). Soluble fraction (a), 48-h degradation, potential degradability (PD) and effective degradability (ED) varied significantly (P < 0.05) and were lowest in Panicum, but similar for foliage among the three sweet potato cultivars. Panicum fodder showed improvements in degradation characteristics with supplementation.  相似文献   

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