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为探索有机肥当量化肥对辣椒生长发育及产量的影响,根据测土配方施肥技术,开展绥阳朝天椒有机肥当量试验。结果表明,施用有机肥的处理2产量最高,折合鲜椒产量为870.0 kg/667 m2,但受人工成本影响,施用有机肥产投比会降低。从现代农业的特点来看,充分利用现存的有机肥,对改善辣椒品质、节约成本、改良土壤及农业可持续发展有着重要意义。生产上推荐施用有机肥,既能保证稳产增产,又能达到改良土壤、提高肥力的目的。 相似文献
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优化施肥对京郊地区设施生菜产量、品质及土壤速效养分的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国瓜菜》2019,(9)
为改善目前设施生菜的化肥过量施用,以及化肥的施用时期等问题,以农户习惯施肥为基础,设计减量优化施肥方案,研究优化施肥对京郊设施生菜产量、品质及土壤速效养分的影响。以结球生菜‘射手101’为试材,设CK、单施有机肥、习惯施肥、优化施肥A、优化施肥B共5个处理。试验结果表明,优化施肥A处理能够提高生菜经济产量,比CK处理提高22.01%,比习惯施肥处理提高5.82%;优化施肥A处理生菜硝酸盐含量最低,维生素C含量最高;优化施肥A处理能提高生菜养分吸收量,减少速效养分在土壤中的累积,同时能够提高生菜产量和品质,减少肥料浪费。 相似文献
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为探索不同施肥处理,即化肥减量20%～60%并配施有机肥对橄榄产量和果实品质的影响,以“梅埔2号”橄榄为试材,设置对照(不施肥)、单施化肥(常规施肥)3.00 kg、单施有机肥30 kg、80%化肥+有机肥、60%化肥+有机肥、40%化肥+有机肥共6个处理,测定采收期优质果率,产量以及果实可溶性固形物、总多酚、可溶性总糖含量等品质指标。结果表明,与对照(不施肥)相比,各处理可溶性固形物含量、单果质量无显著性变化,但产量和优质果率均显著提高,总多酚含量均显著降低,除单施化肥处理的可溶性总糖显著降低以外,其他处理差异不显著。综合评价得分从高到低依次为80%化肥+有机肥>单施有机肥>施用60%化肥+有机肥>施用40%化肥+有机肥>单施化肥>对照(不施肥)。80%化肥+有机肥处理提高橄榄产量和果实品质最为显著,其优质果率达到92%,株产65.20 kg,是单施化肥处理的3.26倍,保持较高的总多酚含量,且综合效益最高。说明化肥减量配施有机肥可以提高橄榄产量,改善果实品质。 相似文献
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小白菜优化配方施肥初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以小白菜为材料,研究了不同施肥处理对小白菜产量、硝酸盐含量、硝酸盐还原酶活性及VC含量的影响。试验结果表明,在土壤1中优化配方施肥在氮、磷用量分别比常规施肥减少42%、61.47%,钾增加29.07%的情况下(N 4.35 kg/667 m~2、P_2O_52.89 kg/667m~2、K_2O 9.68 kg/667 m~2),产量增加20.04%,VC含量增加32.52%,硝酸盐含量降低31.56%;土壤2中优化配方施肥在施用氮、磷分别比常规施肥减少100%、100%,钾增加3.8%的情况下(N 0 kg/667 m~2、P_2O_5 0 kg/667 m~2、K_2O 7.79 kg/667 m~2),产量增加49.19%,VC含量增加101.63%,硝酸盐含量降低51.37%。土壤1和土壤2结果比较发现,在不同肥力土壤中,优化配方施肥处理的小白菜都取得了较高的产量、较好的品质,但在不同肥力土壤中最优施肥量不一样,具体施肥量需要根据土壤肥力和作物种类考虑。 相似文献
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生物有机肥部分替代化肥对日光温室黄瓜产量、品质及肥料利用率的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用随机区组试验,设5个处理:不施肥(CK)、当地常规施肥(100CF)、100%常规施肥+生物有机肥(100CF+SF)、90%常规施肥+生物有机肥(90CF+SF)、80%常规施肥+生物有机肥(80CF+SF),研究生物有机肥部分替代化肥对黄瓜产量及产出投入比、品质、养分分配及肥料利用率的影响。结果表明,从植株不同部位对氮磷钾的分配率来看,茎叶分配率最高,果实次之,根最少。与单施化肥的常规施肥处理相比,减少普通化肥20%的施用量同时配施400 kg · (667 m~2)~(-1)生物有机肥效果较好,可增加单瓜质量和黄瓜产量,降低黄瓜果实硝酸盐含量,提高可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白的含量,改善产品品质,提高氮、磷、钾肥利用率。 相似文献
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新型有机肥料对连作西瓜生长、产量及品质的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以"黑美人"西瓜为试材,通过连续2年试验,即设单施有机肥(A)、有机肥化肥配合施用(B)2个处理,分别以不施肥(CK-1)和单施化肥(CK-2)作为空白和常规施肥对照,所有施肥处理的氮、磷、钾养分总量一致,均为750kg·hm-2,分析不同处理对西瓜主蔓长、茎径、有效分蔓数、产量及品质指标的影响,并综合评价木薯加工废弃物转化有机肥料的田间施用效果,为木薯加工废弃物资源的当地肥料化应用提供依据。结果表明:与空白对照(CK-1)处理相比,连续2年所有施肥处理均能促进西瓜生长、提高西瓜果实产量和品质;与常规施肥(CK-2)处理相比,单施有机肥的A处理在试验实施第1年西瓜生长受到明显抑制,产量显著降低,但品质明显提高,持续实施的第2年,生长受到的抑制程度减弱,产量和CK-2无明显差异,品质仍显著高于CK-2处理;而有机肥和化肥配合施用的B处理连续2年西瓜营养生长、产量及品质均优于常规施肥处理。因此,木薯加工废弃物转化有机肥料后和化肥配合施用能有效促进西瓜植株营养生长,提高西瓜产量,改善西瓜品质。 相似文献
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以西葫芦品种"碧绿"为供试作物,以单施化肥和鸡粪配施化肥的农民传统施肥为对照,研究了生态有机肥不同用量及其与化肥配施对日光温室西葫芦产量品质及经济效益的影响。结果表明:在栽培年限6年的高龄温室中,与鸡粪配施化肥的传统施肥方式相比,单施生态有机肥可获得与其相近的较高的产量,生态有机肥用量37.5t/hm~2时,产量提高5.4%;大量施用生态有机肥并配施化肥,产量降低。不同的品质指标对施肥方式的反应存在差异。生态有机肥用量56.3t/hm~2与化肥配施,果实的维生素C含量最高;传统施肥方式增加了果实的可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量;单施化学肥料果实的NO_3~-含量最高,生态有机肥单施或与化肥配施均可有效降低NO_3~-含量。从施肥方式对果实品质的综合影响分析,生态有机肥用量56.3t/hm~2并配施化肥,可获得较高的果实品质。除单施生态有机肥18.8、37.5t/hm~2分别可产生0.66万、0.15万元/hm~2的纯收益增量外,其它生态有机肥处理均不同程度的降低了生产的纯收益,这与生态有机肥生产过程中附加了二次加工的成本有关。 相似文献
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The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl2 and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water. 相似文献
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AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs. 相似文献
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小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。 相似文献
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钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量 相似文献
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Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes. 相似文献
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