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本研究选取171头年龄、胎次相近的健康围产期荷斯坦奶牛,根据测定的部分血液生化指标,筛选出低血糖组(53头),与健康奶牛对照组(53头)。根据分娩时间选取产前21、14、7 d,分娩当天和产后7、14、21 d共7个时间点,跟踪分析部分血液生化指标变化规律,找出与低血糖症高相关性血液生化指标并进行ROC诊断评价,得出cut-point值。结果表明:该奶牛场围产期奶牛呈现低血糖(81.5%)高发生率。血液生化指标表明低血糖组产前2周至产后3周血糖差异显著,从产前21 d至产后14 d,奶牛低血糖发病率先升高后下降,在分娩当天达到发病高峰;确定了低血糖症诊断的首选指标为葡萄糖(GLU),辅助指标及cut-point值分别为:非酯化脂肪酸(NEFA,0.44 mmol/L)、β-羟丁酸(BHBA,0.34 mmol/L)、甘油三酯(TG,0.19 mmol/L)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST,53 IU/L)。为规模化奶牛场低血糖症的群体预测和早期诊断提供试验依据。 相似文献
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日粮能量浓度对围产期奶牛代谢的影响已有报道。产前4周,处理组分别饲喂以干物质为基础的低能量日粮(DL,NEL 1.58M ca l/kg)和(DH,1.70 NEL M ca l/kg)。产后0~20 d,每个处理组中一半的奶牛饲喂低能量日粮(L,NEL1.57 M ca l/kg),另一半饲喂高能量日粮(H,NEL 1.63M ca l/kg);20~70 d所有奶牛都饲喂H。产前饲喂了DH的奶牛具有净正能量平衡。饲喂DH的奶牛与饲喂DL的相比,在产后第7d,血糖和胰岛素水平较高,而血浆非酯化脂肪酸水平较低;在产后第1d血中代谢物、胰岛素和肝甘油三酯的差异不显著。产后第1 d和21 d肝甘油三酯与产前能量摄入量的巨大变化相关较大,而与妊娠的最后1周摄入能量的变化相关相对较小。与L相比,产犊后饲喂H使血糖和胰岛素升高,但血浆非酯化脂肪酸的水平相当。第21 d发现,饲喂H的奶牛血浆β-羟基丁酸盐和肝甘油三酯比饲喂L的组分别为46%和30%。产前和产后处理的交互作用结果表明:产前增加日粮能量浓度可以在一定程度上补偿产后第21 d才开始饲喂H导致的不良影响。饲喂L的奶牛与饲喂H的相比,在产前和产后10周期间,其白细胞评分升高。产前日粮的能量浓度对产后代谢的影响较小。产后立即提高能量浓度对代谢的影响比产后第21 d才提高的效果更好。 相似文献
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围产期酮病奶牛血液生化指标特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
试验随机选取产前奶牛29头,跟踪采集产前2周、产前1周、分娩当天及产后3,7,14,21 d的血浆样品,检测血浆相关生化指标变化特征,并记录泌乳量。任意采集时间点血浆β-羟丁酸(BHBA)≥1.2 mmol/L则为酮病组, BHBA<1.2 mmol/L则为对照组。结果显示:随机选取的牛群中酮病发病率为58.6%,酮病主要发生在产后7～14 d;酮病组奶牛产前血液相关生化指标与对照组相比无显著性差异;与对照组相比,酮病组奶牛分娩当天血钾水平升高,血磷水平显著降低;产后3 d酮病组奶牛血浆甘油三酯、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、BHBA、泌乳量显著高于对照组奶牛;产后7,14,21 d血浆BHBA、非脂化脂肪酸(ENFA)、TC、HDL-C、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平极显著高于对照组奶牛,血糖水平显著低于对照组奶牛。二元Logistic回归分析显示:产后3 d血液TC、HDL-C、K、BHBA、泌乳量与奶牛酮病的发生显著相关。将显著性相关指标利用Logistic回归建模,最终建立了基于血液HDL-C、BHBA、泌乳量的奶牛酮病早期诊断模型,即y=17.95-9.81×HDL-C-2.71×BHBA-0.20×泌乳量,当y<0时存在发生酮病风险,模型早期预测奶牛酮病的准确率82.8%、灵敏度81.3%、特异性84.6%。 相似文献
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本实验旨在研究围产期奶牛瘤胃微生物区系的反应。选择年龄、胎次、体况和预产期相近的干奶牛30头,产前21 d设为围产前期组,产后21 d设为围产后期组。选择14头奶牛分别在产前7 d和产后14 d采集瘤胃液,测定瘤胃发酵参数和微生物细菌菌群。结果表明：1)与围产前期相比,围产后期奶牛瘤胃液的pH和乙酸/丙酸降低(P<0.01),乙酸、丙酸、丁酸及总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)浓度均提高(P<0.01);2)门水平上,围产后期奶牛瘤胃液拟杆菌门、变形菌门、蓝藻门和放线菌门相对丰度高于围产前期(P<0.01或P<0.05),厚壁菌门、纤维杆菌门、Kiritimatiellaeota和软壁菌门相对丰度低于围产前期(P<0.01或P<0.05);属水平上,围产后期奶牛瘤胃液普雷沃氏菌属＿7、毛螺旋菌科NK3A20群、琥珀酸弧菌科UCG-001和Shuttleworthia相对丰度高于围产前期(P<0.01),瘤胃球菌科＿NK4A214群属、克里斯滕森菌R-7群属、理研菌科RC9肠道群属、产乙酸糖发酵菌、普雷沃氏菌科UCG-003属和丁酸弧菌属＿2相对丰度均低... 相似文献
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本文以血清β-羟丁酸(BHBA)含量大于1.2mmol·L-1的12头奶牛为试验组,另挑选年龄、胎次、体况与试验组奶牛相近的血清BHBA含量小于或等于1.2mmol·L-1的12头奶牛为对照组。分别于产前14、7、1d,产后第1、7、14、21、28天测定2组奶牛各血液生化指标的含量,并分析各组指标在试验期间的动态变化趋势。结果表明:试验组奶牛血清BHBA含量极显著高于对照组(P0.01),非酯化脂肪酸(NEFA)水平显著高于对照组(P0.05),葡萄糖(GLU)浓度极显著低于对照组(P0.01);尿素氮(BUN)含量极显著高于对照组(P0.01);其它指标在不同时间差异均不同。试验组和对照组奶牛血清BHBA含量在产后第7-21天处于高水平,NEFA含量在产后第21天达最高,丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活性在产后第7天最高。试验证明,奶牛亚临床酮病在产后7d即可发生,在产后21d左右处于易发期。 相似文献
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《草业学报》2019,(12)
在研究不同比例全株玉米青贮、谷草和羊草组合日粮饲喂干奶前期奶牛对其围产期生产性能和血液生化及免疫指标的影响。选择健康、体况一致的干奶前期荷斯坦奶牛45头,根据体重、胎次及预产期接近(P0.05)的原则将奶牛随机分为试验A、B和C组,每组15头。分别以精料、全株玉米青贮、谷草和羊草16∶24∶30∶30(A组)、16∶24∶45∶15(B组)和16∶24∶60∶0(C组)比例配合日粮饲喂。产前2周将3组试验牛转入围产牛群,3个试验组开始饲喂场内同一围产前期和新产牛日粮。试验期88 d。结果表明:1)与C组相比,B组在产后1、2和3周的干物质采食量分别提高10.46%(P0.05)、7.79%(P0.05)和5.65%(P0.05)。除产后1周外,产后2、3周B组的奶牛体况评分分别比C组高6.60%(P0.05)和9.06%(P0.05)。2)各试验组的犊牛初生重差异不显著(P0.05)。试验A、B组初乳免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量分别比C组提高10.82%(P0.01)和18.07%(P0.01)。3)与C组相比,B组产后21 d产奶量提高9.00%(P0.05),乳非脂固形物率提高2.83%(P0.05),乳蛋白率提高10.59%(P0.05),乳糖率提高5.64%(P0.05)。各试验组间乳脂率和尿素氮无显著差异(P0.05)。4)分娩当天和产后21 d,B组的血清甘油三酯含量显著低于A和C组(P0.05),B组的血糖含量显著高于A和C组(P0.05), B组的血清尿素氮和胰岛素显著低于C组(P0.05),B组的胰岛素样生长因子I(IGF-I)和总蛋白显著高于C组(P0.05);在产前7 d和分娩当天,B组的血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白B(IgM)和IgG显著高于C组(P0.05);在产后21 d,B组的血清IgM和IgG含量显著高于C组(P0.05);产前7 d和分娩当天,B组瘦素显著高于C组,而B组的血清非酯化脂肪酸(NEFA)含量显著低于C组(P0.05);在产前7 d、分娩当天和产后21 d,B组的胆固醇均显著低于C组(P0.05),B组的血清白蛋白含量显著高于C组,B组谷草转氨酶(AST)和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)也显著低于C组(P0.05)。各试验组间β-羟丁酸无显著差异(P0.05)。综合分析,干奶前期饲粮组成和养分水平可影响围产期奶牛的机体代谢和生产性能。在本试验条件下,干奶前期奶牛日粮中精料、全株玉米青贮、谷草和羊草的适宜比例为16∶24∶45∶15。 相似文献
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24头经产荷斯坦奶牛(体重775±24kg;体况评分3.4±0.11)采用完全随机区组设计,测定瘤胃内乳糖发酵产生的丁酸对代谢和泌乳的影响。日粮处理组为玉米基础日粮组(CON)和基础日粮加15.7%乳糖(干物质计)处理组(LAC),产犊前21d~泌乳(DIM)21d饲喂试验日粮。在产前2、7、14、21d和产后2、7、14、21d采集血样,在产前21、7d和泌乳7d采集瘤胃液,在泌乳7d和14d进行肝脏组织切片检查。产前产后28d平均干物质采食量(DMI)分别为12.8和17.7kg/d。处理组间无差异。LAC组未降低产前干物质采食量(DMI)。各处理组对泌乳前70d的平均产奶量(45.7kg/d)无显著影响。各处理对血浆葡萄糖、胰岛素和非酯化脂肪酸无显著影响。LAC组与CON组相比提高了瘤胃中丁酸浓度,产前分别为11.3%和9.2%±0.45%,产后分别为13.0%和10.3%±0.67%;同样,提高了血浆β-羟基丁酸浓度,产前分别为6.1和4.2±0.31mg/dL,产后分别为14.6和8.34±1.7mg/dL。相对于CON组,LAC组降低了肝脂的含量(占净重14.7%和8.6%±1.5%),日粮处理组对肝糖元无显著影响。饲喂乳糖可以提高围产奶牛瘤胃丁酸的浓度和血浆β-羟基丁酸浓度,降低肝脂,但不影响泌乳性能。 相似文献
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丙二醇对围产期奶牛能量平衡及代谢产物的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究丙二醇对围产期奶牛能量平衡、血液指标和肝脏甘油三酯与糖原含量的影响。选用24头体质量(683.1±14.9)kg、胎次(2.5±0.2)、上一泌乳期305d产奶量(7 339±18)kg和预产期(24.5±0.2)d的经产奶牛,随机分为4组,从分娩前19d开始分别在基础日粮中添加丙二醇0、150、300和450mL.d-1。结果表明:与对照组相比,添加丙二醇300和450mL.d-1,显著提高了奶牛分娩后7、21和35d体况评分,缓减了奶牛体质量下降程度,改善了奶牛分娩前14d和分娩后7、21和35d奶牛能量平衡(P<0.05)。300和450mL.d-1组奶牛分娩前14d和分娩后7、21和35d血糖和胰岛素浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。300和450mL.d-1组奶牛分娩后7、21和35d血浆游离脂肪酸、β-羟丁酸和甘油三酯浓度显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。300和450mL.d-1组奶牛分娩后7、21和35d肝脏甘油三酯含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),但分娩后7、21和35d肝脏糖原含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结果提示在日粮中添加丙二醇能够减少肝脏脂肪沉积,加强葡萄糖异生作用,改善奶牛能量平衡,适宜添加量为300mL.d-1。 相似文献
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Yoshihisa OHTANI Tatsuyuki TAKAHASHI Katsuyoshi SATO Astrid ARDIYANTI Sang‐Houn SONG Reiichiro SATO Ken ONDA Yasunori WADA Yoshiaki OBARA Keiichi SUZUKI Akihiko HAGINO Sang‐gun ROH Kazuo KATOH 《Animal Science Journal》2012,83(12):788-795
Although our previous report demonstrated that adiponectin and AdipoR1 gene expressions changed among different lactation stages in the bovine mammary gland, its in vivo kinetics remain unclear in ruminant animals. In this study, we investigated the changes in circulating concentrations of adiponectin, as well as other metabolic hormones and metabolites, (i) during the periparturient period and (ii) among different lactation stages, in Holstein dairy cows. In experiment 1, serum adiponectin concentrations increased after parturition. Serum insulin concentrations were lower in the postpartum than prepartum period, whereas serum growth hormone (GH) concentrations increased in the postpartum period. Serum nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) levels were increased during the postpartum period and were dependent on the parity. In experiment 2, there was no significant difference in plasma adiponectin concentrations among lactational stages. Plasma insulin concentrations tended to be lower in early lactation while plasma GH levels tended to be higher. Plasma NEFA concentrations were significantly lower in mid‐ and late‐lactation stages than non‐lactation stages. These findings indicate that elevation of serum adiponectin might be involved in energy metabolism just around parturition, and might exert its action through regulation of receptor expression levels in target tissues in each lactational stage in Holstein dairy cows. 相似文献
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Seifi HA Dalir-Naghadeh B Farzaneh N Mohri M Gorji-Dooz M 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2007,54(2):92-97
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of retained fetal membranes (RFM) on serum minerals and energy- and protein-related metabolites in dairy cows at a herd with a recent history of fatty liver syndrome. Forty-seven multiparous Holstein cows were selected during transition period. Nine cows had RFM longer than 24 h after calving. Blood samples were obtained on prepartum days 21 and 7 and postpartum days 7 and 21. We used repeated measure procedure of anova to evaluate the effect of RFM on serum metabolites. Cows with RFM had significantly higher concentrations of beta-hydroxybutyrate, non-esterified fatty acids and triglycerides after calving, but had lower concentrations of cholesterol during transition period. The concentrations of serum albumin and blood urea nitrogen were also significantly lower in RFM-affected cows than non-affected ones after parturition. Our results suggested that negative energy balance (NEB) postpartum was associated with RFM in dairy cattle. However, our findings did not reveal a cause and effect relationship with respect to the role of NEB as a possible risk factor for RFM. 相似文献
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Effect of fat supplementation on leptin, insulin-like growth factor I, growth hormone, and insulin in cattle 
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下载免费PDF全文 Damasia Becú-Villalobos Isabel García-Tornadú Guillermo Shroeder Eloy E. Salado Gerardo Gagliostro Carole Delavaud Yves Chilliard Isabel M. Lacau-Mengido 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2007,71(3):218-225
We investigated the effect of fat supplementation on plasma levels of hormones related to metabolism, with special attention to leptin, in cows in early lactation and in feedlot steers. In experiment 1, 34 lactating cows received no fat or else 0.5 or 1.0 kg of partially hydrogenated oil per day in addition to their basal diet from day 20 before the expected calving date to day 70 postpartum. In experiment 2, part of the corn in the basal concentrate was replaced with 0.7 kg of the same oil such that the diets were isocaloric; 18 cows received the fat-substituted diet and 18 a control diet from day 20 before the expected calving date to day 75 postpartum. In experiment 3, calcium salts of fatty acids were added to the basal diet of 14 feedlot steers for 80 d; another 14 steers received a control diet. The basal plasma levels of leptin were higher in the cows than in the steers. Dietary fat supplementation did not affect the leptin levels in the lactating cows but lowered the levels in the feedlot steers despite greater energy intake and body fatness (body weight) in the steers receiving the supplement than in those receiving the control diet. The levels of insulin-like growth factor I and insulin were decreased with dietary fat supplementation in the lactating cows but were unaffected in the steers, suggesting that responses to fat ingestion depend on the physiological state of the animal, including age and sex. Finally, no effects of supplementary fat on the level of growth hormone were demonstrated in any of the models. 相似文献
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Influence of body condition at calving and postpartum nutrition on endocrine function and reproductive performance of primiparous beef cows 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ciccioli NH Wettemann RP Spicer LJ Lents CA White FJ Keisler DH 《Journal of animal science》2003,81(12):3107-3120
The influences of body condition score (BCS) at calving and postpartum nutrition on endocrine and ovarian functions, and reproductive performance, were determined by randomly allocating thin (mean BCS = 4.4 +/- 0.1) or moderate condition (mean BCS = 5.1 +/- 0.1) Angus x Hereford primiparous cows to receive one of two nutritional treatments after calving. Cows were fed to gain either 0.45 kg/d (M, n = 17) or 0.90 kg/d (H, n = 17) for the first 71 +/- 3 d postpartum. All cows were then fed the M diet until 21 d after the first estrus. A replication (yr 2; M, n = 25; H, n = 23) was also used to evaluate reproductive characteristics. Concentrations of IGF-I, leptin, insulin, glucose, NEFA, and thyroxine were quantified in plasma samples collected weekly during treatment and during 7 wk before the first estrus. Estrous behavior was detected by radiotelemetry, and luteal activity was determined based on concentrations of progesterone in plasma. All cows were bred by AI between 14 and 20 h after onset of estrus, and pregnancy was assessed at 35 to 55 d after AI by ultrasonography. Cows that calved with a BCS of 4 or 5 had similar endocrine function and reproductive performance at the first estrus. During treatment, H cows gained BW and increased BCS (P < 0.01), and had greater (P < 0.05) concentrations of IGF-I, leptin, insulin, glucose, and thyroxine in plasma than M cows. However, during the 7 wk before the first estrus, plasma concentrations of IGF-I, leptin, insulin, glucose, NEFA, and thyroxine were not affected by time. Cows previously on the H treatment had a shorter (P < 0.01) interval to first postpartum estrus and ovulation, and a larger dominant follicle (P < 0.01) at first estrus, than M cows, but duration of estrus and the number of mounts received were not influenced by nutrient intake. Pregnancy rate at the first estrus was greater (P < 0.03) for H (76%, n = 38) than for M (58%, n = 33) cows. Increased nutrient intake after calving stimulated secretion of anabolic hormones, promoted fat deposition, shortened the postpartum interval to estrus, and increased pregnancy rate at the first estrus. Concentrations of IGF-I and leptin in plasma were constant during 7 wk before the first estrus, indicating that acute changes in these hormones are not associated with the resumption of ovarian function in primiparous beef cows. 相似文献
16.
O. Balogh K. Kovcs M. Kulcsr A. Gsprdy H. Fbel A. Zsolnai L. Fsüs C. Delavaud Y. Chilliard R.O. Gilbert Gy. Huszenicza 《Livestock Science》2009,123(2-3):180-186
A polymorphic site of the growth hormone gene (AluI polymorphism) that results in an amino acid change at position 127 of the protein chain (leucine, L to valine, V) has been linked to differences in circulating metabolites and metabolic hormones of calves and bulls and to milk yield traits of lactating cows. Our objective was to investigate the interrelationship of this polymorphism with plasma concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate, insulin, IGF-I and leptin in postpartum dairy cows. Blood samples were taken from clinically healthy, spring-calving, group-fed Holstein-Friesian cows (n = 257; 7 large-scale farms) 4–13 days after calving. Of all herds, 100 cows had plasma β-hydroxybutyrate levels above 1.2 mmol/l and 157 cows were normoketonemic. The proportion of valine carriers and LL cows was not different within groups of normo- and hyperketonemic animals. Genotype was not associated with plasma β-hydroxybutyrate, insulin, IGF-I and leptin levels either in all of the herds or in the two with the highest proportion of the valine allele carriers (n = 28, 72%). We found significantly lower insulin, IGF-I and leptin concentrations in the presence of hyperketonemia compared to normoketonemic cows. There were strong negative correlations between BHB and the other blood parameters, while insulin, IGF-I and leptin were positively related to each other. In conclusion, in the first two weeks after calving we could not demonstrate any effect of AluI polymorphism on plasma concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate and metabolic hormones studied. Hyperketonemia was associated with a significant decrease in insulin, IGF-I and leptin blood levels. We infer that cows homozygous for the leucine allele or carrying the valine allele may have a similar endocrine and metabolic response to the challenge of increased nutrient demand early postpartum and that the presence of hyperketonemia is mainly linked to the hormonal and metabolic changes occurring at the onset of lactation. 相似文献
17.
Kawashima C Sakaguchi M Suzuki T Sasamoto Y Takahashi Y Matsui M Miyamoto A 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2007,53(1):113-120
Metabolic hormones affect ovarian function in the cow. However, the relationship between metabolic factors and ovarian function is not clear in the postpartum primiparous cow because they are still growing. The aim of the present study was to investigate in detail the time-dependent profile of the metabolic hormones, metabolites, and milk yields of ovulatory and anovulatory primiparous cows during the first follicular wave postpartum. We used 16 primiparous Holstein cows and obtained blood samples for the profiles of metabolites (glucose; non-esterified fatty acid, NEFA; ketone body; total cholesterol; and aspartate aminotransferase), metabolic hormones (growth hormone, GH; insulin-like growth factor-I, IGF-1; and insulin), and progesterone every other day from 1 to 21 days postpartum. In addition, all ovaries were observed using ultrasound. Dairy milk yield was recorded during the experimental period. In all cows, the first follicular wave postpartum was observed and 6 of the cows ovulated. The plasma glucose (P<0.0001) and IGF-1 (P<0.001) concentrations were lower and the plasma NEFA (P<0.0001) and ketone bodies (P<0.0001) concentrations and daily milk yield (P<0.0001) were higher in the anovulatory cows compared to the ovulatory cows. However, the GH levels, which enhance lipolysis for milk production, insulin and other metabolites did not differ between the two groups. In conclusion, the present study suggests that anovulation of the dominant follicle during the first follicular wave postpartum in primiparous cows is induced by low IGF-1 levels that are similar to those of multiparous cows. In addition, anovulatory cows are likely to mobilize body fat stores for milk production more easily than ovulatory cows. 相似文献
18.
C Kawashima S Nagashima K Sawada FJ Schweigert A Miyamoto K Kida 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(6):e282-e287
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of β‐carotene supply during the close‐up dry period on the onset of first postpartum luteal activity in dairy cows. Twelve cows were supplied with 2000 mg of β‐carotene (20 g Rovimix®β‐Carotene containing 10%β‐carotene; DSM Nutrition Japan K.K., Tokyo, Japan) by oral administration daily from day 21 before expected calving date to parturition. Fourteen cows (control) did not receive β‐carotene supplementation. Blood samples were obtained on days 21, 14 and 7 before expected calving date and on days 1, 7, 14, 21 postpartum. When the plasma progesterone concentration exceeded 1 ng/ml by day 21 postpartum, luteal activity was assumed to have been initiated. The result showed that serum β‐carotene concentrations in the β‐carotene cows were higher than in the control cows during the experimental period (p < 0.01). The number of cows with the onset of luteal activity by day 21 postpartum was 9/12 in the β‐carotene cows and 4/14 in the control cows (p < 0.05). Retinol, certain metabolic parameters and metabolic hormones concentrations did not differ between β‐carotene and control cows. In addition, serum retinol concentration in β‐carotene cows without luteal activity was lower than in β‐carotene cows with luteal activity (p < 0.05), and serum gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase concentration in β‐carotene cows with luteal activity (p < 0.05) and control cows without luteal activity (p < 0.01) was higher than in control cows with luteal activity. In conclusion, β‐carotene supply during the close‐up dry period may support the onset of luteal activity during early lactation in dairy cows. 相似文献
19.
Sadri H Rahmani HR Khorvash M Ghorbani GR Bruckmaier RM 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2012,96(2):220-227
Thirty-two multiparous Holstein cows were used to investigate the effects of chromium-l-methionine (Cr-Met) supplementation and dietary grain source on metabolic indices throughout the periparturient period. Cows were fed a total mixed ration with the concentrate portion based on ground barley (barley based diet, BBD)--or ground corn (corn-based diet, CBD) from 21 days before anticipated calving through 28 days after calving. The Cr-Met was supplemented at dosages of 0 or 0.08 mg of Cr/kg of metabolic body weight throughout the experiment. Thus, treatments were in a 2 (Cr-Met) × 2 (grain sources) factorial arrangement. Plasma glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, triglyceride, very low-density lipoprotein, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), insulin, glucagon, cortisol and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentrations were not affected by chromium supplementation on calving day (d 0). However, there was a trend for decreased β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and increased cholesterol on d 0 in cows fed the Cr supplemented diet. On d 21 postpartum (wk 3 p.p.), plasma glucagon concentration tended to be greater in cows fed the Cr supplemented diet. However, other plasma metabolite and hormone measures were not affected by Cr supplementation in wk 3 p.p. There was no effect of grain source on d 0 plasma metabolic and endocrine measures. In wk 3 p.p., a significant difference was found only for plasma concentration of glucagon that was higher for cows fed the BBD compared with the CBD. There was an interaction of Cr-Met supplementation and grain source in wk 3 p.p. plasma concentration of BUN to decrease in CBD and increase in BBD, supplemented with Cr-Met. No Cr by grain interactions were observed for other plasma metabolic variables on d 0 and in wk 3 p.p. These results indicate that Cr-Met supplementation and substituting barley grain with corn throughout the transition period have only moderate effects on metabolic and endocrine parameters. 相似文献
20.
Strauch TA Neuendorff DA Brown CG Wade ML Lewis AW Keisler DH Randel RD 《Journal of animal science》2003,81(6):1363-1370
Objectives were to determine effects of lasalocid on reproductive performance and serum concentrations of leptin and IGF-I, and to correlate concentrations of leptin and IGF-I with reproductive performance of beef cows. Forty-one purebred, multiparous Brahman cows were blocked to control (C; n = 20) or lasalocid (L; n = 21) treatments by BW, BCS, and predicted calving date. Treatment began 21 d before expected calving. Cows were each fed 1.4 kg daily of an 11:1 corn:soybean meal supplement, with the L group receiving 200 mg of lasalocid/cow daily. Cows and calves were weighed, and cow BCS was assessed at calving and at 28-d intervals thereafter. Blood samples were collected weekly precalving, at parturition, and twice weekly thereafter. Sterile marker bulls were maintained with cows for estrous detection. Six days after estrus, ovaries were evaluated for corpus luteum formation, and blood samples from d 6, 7, and 8 after estrus were collected. Serum samples were assayed for progesterone (P4), IGF-I, and leptin concentration. Progesterone concentrations > 1 ng/mL were considered indicative of a functional corpus luteum. Treatment ended after completion of a normal estrous cycle, and cows removed from treatment were placed with a fertile bull equipped with a chinball marker. There were no treatment differences in calving date, calf sex, cow BW, BCS, calf BW, calf ADG, or in serum concentrations of P4, IGF-I, or leptin. Prepartum cow ADG was increased (P < 0.01) in L cows and tended (P < 0.011) to be increased from calving to d 56 after calving in L cows. Postpartum interval (PPI) was not affected by treatment; however, a greater percentage (P < 0.05) of L cows conceived by 90 d after calving (43% L vs. 15% C). First-service conception rate tended (P < 0.08) to be greater in L vs. C cows (68 vs. 40%), but pregnancy rate was not different (P < 0.12; 86% for L vs. 65% for C). There were no treatment differences (P > 0.18) for serum IGF-I concentrations. At calving, leptin was positively correlated with IGF-I (P < 0.04; r = 0.32), BCS (P < 0.06; r = 0.29), and cow BW (P < 0.02; r = 0.36), and was negatively correlated with PPI (P < 0.06; r = -0.29). These results provide evidence that feeding an ionophore before calving and during the postpartum period may increase the number of cows that rebreed to maintain a yearly calving interval. Cows with higher concentrations of leptin postpartum may exhibit shorter PPI. 相似文献