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哺乳动物胚胎的活性氧来源及其抗氧化机制 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)与胚胎发育缺陷密切相关,胚胎或其培养的环境都有可能产生ROS,一些外源因子能够使胚胎的ROS产量增加,引起胚胎发育阻滞,这严重地限制了与胚胎相关的研究。胚胎存在着多种抗氧化机制,在实际操作中应结合胚胎发育各时期内部ROS的来源及其抗氧化机制,提高细胞内部抗氧化效率;控制培养条件,完善培养体系,降低外在因素对ROS的诱发作用,更高效地生产体外发育胚胎。 相似文献
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卵母细胞体外成熟培养是体外生产胚胎的关键步骤之一,在人工辅助生殖技术及胚胎工程中起着不可替代的作用。随着国内外对哺乳动物体外受精及胚胎体外发育研究的日益深入,这一动物生物技术也开始备受关注。研究发现,卵裂率及囊胚发育率与卵母细胞成熟水平呈正向相关,而活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)是影响卵母细胞成熟水平的主要原因之一。在离体培养卵母细胞过程中,过高水平的活性氧能够引起氧化应激,破坏细胞结构,导致细胞功能失调,不利于卵母细胞维持正常生殖功能。文章对卵母细胞体外培养过程中抗氧化机制的研究进展进行了综述。 相似文献
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西红花苷(crocin)作为西红花的主要生物活性化合物,有清除自由基、缓解氧化应激的能力,具备成为绿色安全抗氧化剂的潜力。西红花苷主要在肠道中分解代谢,通过血液运输至机体各部位。心脏、脾脏、肾脏和肺脏的西红花苷代谢产物较高,即在这些部位发挥其生物学作用。西红花苷为低毒物质,可用于缓解机体发生的氧化损伤。目前,西红花苷抗氧化功能多应用于缓解神经退行性疾病、抑制肿瘤生长、保护生殖系统和心脏系统。缓解氧化应激是西红花苷调控机体适应异常环境的主要方式之一,降低氧化产物产生和提高抗氧化酶活性是其主要调节手段。西红花苷可作用于多条信号通路(TLR2/NF-κB、JAK2-STAT3-ERK、Nrf2等通路),以缓解外界物质刺激所引起的机体内促氧化剂和抗氧化剂之间的失衡。作者综述了西红花苷抗氧化作用在调控动物健康中的应用以及在不同调控系统中的作用机制,为进一步深入研究西红花苷抗氧化作用机制及其调控动物健康提供理论依据;为开发新型天然抗氧化剂在疾病或机体异常中的治疗应用提供指导。 相似文献
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旨在研究WY14643对小鼠早期胚胎发育的影响,探讨WY14643对早期胚胎抗氧化损伤的机理。通过H2O2诱导建立胚胎氧化损伤模型,添加WY14643对胚胎进行体外培养,DCHFDA测定胚胎内部H2O2含量,分别用超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和微量丙二醛试剂盒测定胚胎不同发育阶段SOD活性和丙二醛MDA含量,并观察后续胚胎发育情况。结果表明:(1)不同浓度WY14643处理2h后,0.1μmol·L-1 WY14643处理组4-细胞率、囊胚率显著高于其他各组(P<0.05);(2)经0.1μmol·L-1 WY14643和H2O2联合处理后,其胚胎发育率显著高于单独H2O2处理组和对照组(P<0.05);(3)DCHFD荧光检测发现,WY14643添加组胚胎内部H2O2水平显著低于其他各组(P<0.05);(4)经SOD、MDA检测,发现添加WY14643胚胎内部各时期SOD水平显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),MDA水平显著低于其他各组(P<0.05)。综上表明,氧化应激对早期胚胎发育是不利的,WY14643通过增加抗氧化酶SOD活性、降低脂质损伤等途径减少胚胎内部ROS,增加抗氧化能力,促进胚胎在体外更好地发育。 相似文献
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现代集约化奶牛养殖模式中通常实行犊牛早期断奶,但饲料种类以及饲喂方式的改变等极易使断奶犊牛处于严重的氧化应激状态。饲用抗氧化剂不仅能够延长饲料保存期,也能够有效缓解动物机体的氧化应激,增强动物的抗应激能力。目前,国内外对犊牛早期断奶理论的研究仍不完善,对于抗氧化剂缓解犊牛断奶氧化应激的机制仍不十分清晰。本文阐述了氧化应激的发生、合成抗氧化剂的体内抗氧化作用,并探讨了合成抗氧化剂在犊牛免疫、血液生化以及消化道层面上的应用,为犊牛早期断奶提供科学依据。 相似文献
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《中国畜牧杂志》2017,(8)
超低温冻存技术将低温生物学与生殖生物学紧密结合在一起,并在生命科学领域得到了广泛应用。在生殖生物学领域,配子与胚胎的超低温冻存有着广阔的研究前景。目前,常用于家畜繁殖育种的冷冻精液包括常规冻精液和性控冻精,精液经冷冻解冻,尤其是性控冻精在制备时经稀释、染料、激光、分离加压、冷冻以及受精时精液解冻等过程,均会产生大量活性氧(ROS)。ROS破坏精子内部抗氧化防御体系平衡,精子发生氧化应激损伤,造成精子质膜脂质过氧化(LPO)、DNA损伤、凋亡等,影响精子受精能力及受精卵的发育。内源性抗氧化剂不足,补充外源性抗氧化剂成为必然选择。近年来,抗氧化物质在家畜常规冻精中的研究日益增多,但在性控精液中研究很少。本文综述了番茄红素、抗坏血酸、白藜芦醇、褪黑素这几类抗氧化物质对降低家畜常规冻精及性控冻精氧化应激损伤作用机理的研究进展,以期筛选出高效的抗氧化剂以提高冻精质量。 相似文献
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通过检测鸡胚在早期发育过程中的抗氧化能力指数、脂质过氧化产物丙二醛、维生素C及谷胱甘肽的含量和超氧化物歧化酶活性,探讨内源性抗氧化活性物质变化,旨在为胚胎的抗氧化系统形成提供参考.结果显示,鸡胚在发育初期,胚胎内维生素C、谷胱甘肽、丙二醛含量及超氧化物歧化酶活性均有不同程度的提高,而卵黄内的抗氧化能力指数水平则逐渐降低.此外,试验结果还提示每克组织内的抗氧化指标在孵育前期呈递增趋势,发育至13日龄时随着体内抗氧化功能的健全而单位组织内的抗氧化水平趋于下降.以上结果说明,鸡胚内的抗氧化系统是在早期发育过程中逐渐形成并日益完善的,可能在胚胎发育过程中发挥着重要的生理意义. 相似文献
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颗粒细胞对动物卵泡正常发育至关重要，颗粒细胞凋亡将导致卵泡闭锁进而降低动物繁殖性能。一般情况下细胞以平衡方式产生并消耗活性氧(ROS),但多种因素导致的ROS过量堆积被认为是诱发细胞凋亡的主要原因之一。天然抗氧化剂具有活性强、毒性低及无残留等多种优点，对自由基具有较强的清除能力，能够有效降低ROS对细胞造成的氧化应激(OS)。已有研究证实，原花青素、梓醇、茶黄素、金雀异黄素、槲皮素、萝卜硫素、花青素、虾青素和金丝桃苷等天然物质具有良好的抗氧化及抗凋亡潜力，本文就其作用通路、研究进展及当前问题进行综述，以期为深入研究卵巢功能不全及卵泡闭锁预防技术提供参考。 相似文献
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Takahashi M 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2012,58(1):1-9
Many factors affect development of mammalian preimplantation embryos in vitro. It is well known that in vitro development of bovine embryos is highly affected by culture condition including energy source, growth factors, pH or gas environment. Many efforts have been made towards the suitable environments which can successfully support embryo development in vitro. For a rapid growth and differentiation, embryo requires energy by utilizing ATP, NADPH with oxygen molecules. These energy substrates are produced from the electron transport chain in the mitochondria. In addition to energy production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are also generated as by-product of such energy production system. ROS production is sensitively controlled by the balance of oxidizing and reducing status and affected by several antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) or low molecular weight thiols such as glutathione (GSH). Imbalance of oxidation and reduction causes production of excess ROS, which causes the developmental arrest, physical DNA damage, apoptosis induction or lipid peroxidation. Environmental oxygen condition during embryo culture also highly affects embryo development as well as intracellular redox balance. Several studies have revealed that regulation of intra- and extra- cellular reducing environment by reducing excess ROS by using antioxidants, reducing oxygen concentration are effective for improving embryo development. Also, recent studies have demonstrated the difference in gene expression affected by oxidative stress. This review briefly summarizes the effects of ROS and the role of redox balance on preimplantation embryos for improving the efficiency of in vitro production of mammalian embryos. 相似文献
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Omar Khadrawy Samuel Gebremedhn Dessie Salilew-Wondim Franca Rings Christiane Neuhoff Michael Hoelker Karl Schellander Dawit Tesfaye 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2020,55(10):1275-1285
Nrf2 is a master regulator for antioxidant machinery against oxidative stress in bovine preimplantation embryos. The endogenous or exogenous modulation of Nrf2-KEAP1 system in bovine embryos may contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms behind the response of embryos to stress conditions. Therefore, here we aimed to investigate the protective effect of quercetin on bovine preimplantation embryos exposed to higher atmospheric oxygen concentration. For that, blastocysts, which were developed from zygotes cultured in media supplemented with or without quercetin under high oxygen level (20%), were subjected intracellular ROS level and mitochondrial analysis, and determining blastocyst formation rate and total cell number. Moreover, mRNA and protein expression level of Nrf2 and selected downstream antioxidant genes were investigated in the resulting blastocysts. Quercetin supplementation in vitro culture did not affect cleavage and blastocyst rate until day 7. However, quercetin supplementation resulted in higher blastocyst total cell number and reduction of intracellular ROS level accompanied by increasing mitochondrial activity compared with control group in both day 7 and day 8 blastocysts. Moreover, quercetin supplementation induced mRNA and protein of Nrf2 with subsequent increase in the expression of downstream antioxidants namely: NQO1, PRDX1, CAT and SOD1 antioxidants. In conclusion, quercetin protects preimplantation embryos against oxidative stress and improves embryo viability through modulation of the Nrf2 signalling pathway. 相似文献
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试验旨在研究添加羧乙基锗倍半氧化物（carboxyethylgermanium sesquioxide，Ge-132）对牛孤雌激活后胚胎发育率、胚胎细胞数、早期胚胎内活性氧（reactive oxygen species，ROS）水平及胚胎内相关凋亡基因的影响。在牛早期胚胎体外培养基中添加不同浓度的Ge-132（0、10、100和200 μg/mL），观察其对牛体外孤雌激活胚胎发育的影响；应用Hoechst对孤雌激活后第8天胚胎进行染色后制作装片，在显微镜下对细胞进行计数；用DCFH-DA染色检测早期胚胎内ROS水平，并用Image J测量荧光强度后对数据进行统计分析，用RT-PCR对胚胎内细胞凋亡相关基因（Caspase-3、Bax、Bcl-xl和Survivin）进行分析。结果显示，10 μg/mL Ge-132处理组胚胎率与对照组间无显著差异（P>0.05），但可降低1细胞期的ROS水平；10 μg/mL Ge-132处理组较对照组早期胚胎细胞数显著增加（P<0.05）；通过检测细胞凋亡相关基因mRNA转录水平发现，与对照组相比，10 μg/mL Ge-132处理组胚胎促凋亡基因Caspase-3表达水平显著降低（P<0.05），抑制细胞凋亡基因Survivin表达水平显著升高（P<0.05）。结果表明，在早期胚胎培养基中添加10 μg/mL Ge-132可降低细胞内ROS水平，减少胚胎中氧化应激诱导的细胞凋亡，从而提高孤雌激活后牛胚胎的发育潜能。 相似文献
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FS Gonçalves LSS Barretto RP Arruda SHV Perri GZ Mingoti 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(1):129-135
Increased amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during in vitro fertilization (IVF) may cause cytotoxic damage to gametes, whereas small amounts of ROS favour sperm capacitation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of antioxidants [50 μ m β-mercaptoethanol (β-ME) and 50 μ m cysteamine (Cyst)] or a pro-oxidant (5 m m buthionine sulfoximine) on the quality and penetrability of spermatozoa into bovine oocytes and on the subsequent embryo development and quality when added during IVF. Sperm quality, evaluated by the integrity of plasma and acrosomal membranes, and mitochondrial function, was diminished (p < 0.05) after 4-h culture in the presence of antioxidants. Oocyte penetration rates were similar between treatments (p > 0.05), but antioxidants adversely affected the normal pronuclear formation rates (p < 0.05). The incidence of polyspermy was high for β-ME (p < 0.05). No differences were observed in cleavage rates between treatments (p > 0.05). However, the developmental rate to the blastocyst stage was adversely affected by Cyst treatment (p < 0.05). The quality of embryos that reached the blastocyst stage, evaluated by total, inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm cell numbers and ICM/total cell ratio was unaffected (p > 0.05) by treatments. The results indicate that ROS play a role in the fertilizing capacity in bovine spermatozoa, as well as in the interaction between the spermatozoa and the oocytes. It can be concluded that supplementation with antioxidants during IVF procedures impairs sperm quality, normal pronuclear formation and embryo development to the blastocyst stage. 相似文献
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Ji-Yei CHOI Jung-Taek KANG Sol-Ji PARK Su-Jin KIM Joon-Ho MOON Islam M. SAADELDIN Goo JANG Byeong-Chun LEE 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2013,59(5):450-456
One of the factors that impairs in vitro produced porcine embryos
is the oxidative stress that is mainly caused by the imbalance between reactive
oxygen species (ROS) generation and antioxidants activity, especially that of
glutathione (GSH). Here, we examined the effect of 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF), a
kind of flavonoid antioxidant, on porcine oocyte maturation and its developmental
competence. Porcine oocytes were cultured in media supplemented with 0, 1, 5 and 10
μM 7,8-DHF during both in vitro maturation (IVM) and in
vitro culture (IVC) after parthenogenetic activation. Maturation of
oocytes was evaluated based on first polar body (PB) extrusion and intracellular GSH
level, and developmental competence was assessed through observing cleavage and
blastocyst formation. In each step, the levels of intracellular GSH and ROS were
assessed by fluorescence intensity, and the apoptosis-related gene expression was
examined using semiquantitative RT-PCR. The group treated with 1 μM 7,8-DHF during
IVM and IVC showed increased cytoplasmic maturation and reached the blastocysts stage
(36.1%) at a higher rate than the other groups (24.7, 16.0 and 10.3% for 0, 5 and 10
μM, P<0.05). In that group, the intracellular GSH level was significantly
increased while ROS generation was significantly decreased after IVM and IVC
(P<0.05). Moreover, it showed high expression of an anti-apoptotic gene
(BCL2L1) and low expression of a pro-apoptotic gene
(BAK1) (P<0.05). In conclusion, treatment with 1 μM 7,8-DHF
during IVM and IVC showed an anti-apoptotic effect by increasing intracellular GSH
synthesis and scavenging ROS and therefore improved the developmental competence of
porcine embryos. 相似文献
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氧化应激诱导机体自由基的产生是有氧代谢的一个组成部分。活性氧(reactiveoxygenspecies,ROS)是机体正常代谢过程和某些白细胞群体在疾病防御过程中产生的。越来越多的研究表明,机体组织和细胞产生的氧化损伤会直接或间接诱导许多疾病的发生,进而影响动物健康和福利。高产奶牛的生产性能在一定程度上可通过补充抗氧化剂来优化。概述了氧化应激的研究进展,综述了围产期奶牛氧化应激、抗氧化防御系统及其与炎症反应的关系,以期为进一步揭示抗氧化剂预防免疫功能障碍和宿主组织氧化损伤的分子机理,避免围产期奶牛发生由氧化应激诱导的代谢病和临床型疾病提供新思路。 相似文献
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Terrasa AM Guajardo MH Marra CA Zapata G 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2009,182(3):463-468
Oxidative stress is a possible risk factor for eye diseases. Lipid peroxidation is one of the major events induced by oxidative stress and is particularly active in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-rich biomembranes. This work evaluated endogenous lipid antioxidants, in vitro non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation of rod outer segment membranes (ROS), the fatty acid composition during oxidative damage of total lipids from equine retina and ROS, and the protective action of alpha-tocopherol (alpha-Toc). The major lipid soluble antioxidant was alpha-Toc followed by retinoids and carotenoids. The retina contained a high percentage of PUFAs, mainly docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) and arachidonic acid (20:4n-6). Lipid peroxidation of the equine ROS, induced by Fe(2+)-ascorbate, was monitored using chemiluminescence (CL) with or without pre-treatment with alpha-Toc. With alpha-Toc pre-treatment, CL values were significantly decreased. The most abundant fatty acid was 22:6n-3. After 3h incubation, 95% of total PUFAs were destroyed by peroxidation, whereas in alpha-Toc pre-treated ROS the percentage was significantly decreased. The results show that the retina has an endogenous lipid soluble antioxidant system. ROS were highly sensitive to oxidative damage, since their fatty acid composition was markedly modified during the lipid peroxidation process. The protective role of alpha-Toc as an antioxidant was evident and it could be used in the treatment of equine ocular diseases in which free radicals are involved. 相似文献
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Under in vitro culture conditions, oxidative modifications of cell components via increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) represent a major culture induced stress. Anti‐oxidant systems such as glutathione (GSH) can attenuate the deleterious effects of oxidative stress by scavenging ROS. It has been suggested that GSH content in oocytes may serve as a reservoir protecting the zygote and the early embryos from oxidative damage before genomic activation and de novo GSH synthesis occur. Addition of low molecular weight compounds to culture media, such as cysteamine, can increase GSH levels by increasing cysteine uptake. Quite naturally, effects of supplementation of in vitro maturation (IVM) media with low molecular weight thiols have been studied in various species. This article reviews the use of cysteamine supplementation for IVM, its effects on maturation rates and further embryo development. 相似文献