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1.
对马铃薯炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum coccodes)生物学特性及不同碳、氮源的利用能力等进行了研究.结果表明,马铃薯炭疽病菌菌丝在5～40℃均能生长,最适生长温度为30℃;分生孢子在25℃时萌发率显著高于其他温度,在液态水中萌发率显著高于其他相对湿度,pH6.7时萌发率显著高于其他pH条件(P＜0.05);薯块浸提液中萌发率显著高于马铃薯根、茎、叶和土壤浸提液(P＜0.05);分生孢子萌发对光不敏感,在有无光照条件下都能萌发,且差异不显著.除D-阿拉伯糖和氯醛糖外在其他碳源培养基上菌落直径显著高于对照(P＜0.05);硝酸铵对该菌生长有显著促进作用(P＜0.05),而碳酸铵、L-谷氨酸、尿素、大豆蛋白胨、L-组氨酸、L-精氨酸、亮氨酸、蛋白胨和甘氨酸有显著抑制作用(P＜0.05);不同培养基对该菌生长影响不同,在PDA培养基上生长最快,在水琼脂培养基上生长最慢,且在不同培养基上菌落形态有差异. 相似文献
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芦笋茎枯病菌的生物学和麦角甾醇生物合成抑制剂对它的作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
室内试验中研究了温度对天津芦笋茎枯病菌菌丝生长的影响。菌丝生长适宜温度为20～30℃,最适温度为25℃,在10℃和>35℃时,菌丝不能生长。分生孢子在发芽时需一定的营养物质,在水中发芽率低。20％芦笋茎叶煎汁,20％芦笋茎叶煎汁PD培养液以及PD培养液均有促进孢子萌发之作用。在供试的5种培养基中,芦笋茎枯病菌在本试验设计的20％芦笋茎叶煎汁和20％芦笋茎叶煎汁PDA培养基上的产孢量明显优于前人推荐的培养基和常用培养基。在培养过程中,光能诱发分生孢子器形成。不同光域内分生孢子器形成有显著差异。分生孢子经烯唑醇(diniconazole)(8小时/2ppm)药剂处理后,分生孢子大小和内含物在超微结构上发生显著变化。 相似文献
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稻曲病菌分生孢子的生物学研究 总被引：47，自引：5，他引：47
本文对稻曲病菌分生孢子的一些生物学特性进行了研究,结果表明,基质养分对分生孢子萌发影响较大,纯水不利于孢子萌发,PSA最适于孢子萌发,葡萄糖则强烈抑制孢子萌发,马铃薯煮汁既可抵消葡萄糖的抑制作用,又可刺激孢子萌发。分生孢子在琼脂面上比在液滴中萌发率高。分生孢子萌发的适宜温度为22~31℃,以28℃最好。分生孢子萌发对pH值敏感,以pH 6~7最适宜。用振荡培养法获取分生孢子,培养10 d后,孢子的萌发力开始下降。分生孢子的存活对水的依赖性强,在水中保存8 d萌发力不变,在100% RH中8 d萌发力略有降低,而在25% RH中5 h萌发力即迅速下降。根据这些特性,作者对分生孢子在田间的动态作了一些推测。 相似文献
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黄瓜炭疽病菌对杀菌剂敏感性的优化测定方法研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文以黄瓜炭疽病菌(Gloeosporium orbiculare Ars)为研究对象，采用随机试验设计，比较了不同培养基、孢子萌发方法对病菌孢子萌发的影响。建立了一套测定炭疽病菌分生孢子对杀菌剂敏感性的简易方法。结果表明：不同培养基培养的分生孢子。均以使用玻片水琼胶表面萌发法的萌发效果最好．且以PDA培养基培养的分生孢子在玻片水琼胶表面萌发率最高、最稳定。此外使用该方法测定了黄瓜炭疽病菌对福美双、百菌清的敏感性。 相似文献
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玉米灰斑病菌生物学特性研究 总被引：35，自引：0，他引：35
玉米灰斑病菌(Cercospora zeae-maydis Tehon and Doniels)适合分离的培养基有花生叶斑病尾孢菌培养基、PDA、V8汁、V8汁+蔗糖20 g和Richard培养基。适宜菌丝生长的pH 4~12,最适宜的pH 6~8,适宜温度为20~25℃。病菌对葡萄糖、麦芽糖、乳糖和对酵母膏、硝酸钾、牛肉膏的利用好于其它碳源或氮源。分生孢子萌发的温度为20~30℃,pH范围广,RH ≥ 81%以上分生孢子萌发,随湿度增加萌发率增高。营养对孢子萌发无影响。 相似文献
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蘑菇褐腐病菌菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发适宜温度为24～25℃,低至10℃,高达35℃,孢子停止萌发,在35℃和40℃恒温中,分别经5天和1天,菌丝均失去生活力;高湿有利于菌丝生长和孢子萌发,100％相对湿度下分生孢子萌发率最高;菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发最适宜pH值分别为6和6.4,幼嫩蘑菇煮出液最能刺激孢子萌发,该病菌在菇床初侵染源是覆盖了带有病菌的覆盖土,在夏季对覆盖土壤进行日光曝晒4～5天,覆土前7天,用36％～38％化学纯甲醛3.5kg,兑水20～30kg,喷洒于种植111m~2蘑菇的覆盖土中熏蒸48h以上,防病效果均理想;发病后及时挖除病菇,能防止病菌再侵染,减轻褐腐病的为害。 相似文献
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香蕉弯孢霉叶斑病菌生物学特性及对杀菌剂的敏感性 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
香蕉弯孢霉叶斑病菌[Curvularia lunata（Wakker）Boed]适合生长的培养基有PSA、PDA和OMA;菌落生长、产孢和孢子萌发最适宜的温度为25～30℃,pH要求不严格为5～9;在碳源和氮源中,蔗糖、葡萄糖、尿素、磷酸氢二氨和硝酸钠有利于病菌生长和产孢;分生孢子萌发对湿度有严格的要求,RH≥80％以上分生孢子萌发,随湿度增加萌发率增高;光照对菌丝体无显著影响,光暗交替有利于孢子的形成;孢子致死温度为55℃（10min）。药物敏感性测定结果表明,6％戊唑醇微乳剂、25％丙环唑乳油、25％咪鲜胺水乳剂、25％戊唑醇乳油和25％苯醚甲环唑乳油对香蕉弯孢霉叶斑病菌菌丝生长均有较好的抑制效果,其中25％咪鲜胺水乳剂和25％苯醚甲环唑乳油的抑菌效果最好。 相似文献
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苜蓿假盘菌及其生物学特性研究 总被引：15，自引：3，他引：15
研究了苜蓿假盘菌及其生物学特性 ,用常规方法分离培养苜蓿假盘菌较困难 ,试验应用离心稀释分离法获得纯菌株。培养基为V-8碳酸钙琼脂培养基 ,适宜子囊孢子萌发和菌落生长的pH为 3～8和 4～6(最适为5)。在人工培养基上病菌生长缓慢 ,生长 40d的菌落直径只有 2.5～3.5mm ,在培养基上经过20d后才能形成成熟的子囊盘。苜蓿假盘菌子囊孢子萌发温度为 6～25℃ ,最适温度为 15～20℃。芽管生长温度为 10～30℃ ,最适温度为20℃。不同菌株间致病力存在显著差异(p<0.05)。 相似文献
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桃小食心虫病原菌—球孢白僵菌TST05菌株生物学特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]研究从自然染病的桃小食心虫幼虫上分离的球孢白僵菌TST05菌株的生物学特性.[方法]测定不同培养基、外界不同温度和湿度对该菌株菌丝营养生长及孢子萌发的影响.[结果]该菌株在PDA、PPDA、SDAY、SMAY 4种培养基上均生长良好,菌落厚而致密,产孢量均大于3.95×107孢子/mL;菌株适应的温度和湿度范围宽,15～30℃之间,RH 30 ％～100％之间孢子均可萌发、生长和产孢.随着温度接近25℃、湿度增大,孢子的萌发率、菌落的生长速率和产孢量都显著增加.15℃、RH 100％时产孢量为1.32× 107孢子/mL;25℃、RH 30％时,产孢量也能达到1.37×107孢子/mL;25℃、RH 100％时产孢量达到6.19×107孢子/mL.15℃、RH 100％孢子萌发率为52.28％;25℃、RH＞80％时,孢子萌发率都能达到90％以上.[结论]TST05菌株能适应北方干旱低温条件,可开发成为防治桃小食心虫的生物制剂. 相似文献
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Friday O. Obanor Monika Walter E. Eirian Jones Marlene V. Jaspers 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,120(3):211-222
The effects of temperature, relative humidity (RH), leaf wetness and leaf age on conidium germination were investigated for
Spilocaea oleagina, the causal organism of olive leaf spot. Detached leaves of five ages (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks after emergence), six different
temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30°C), eight wetness periods (0, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36 and 48 h), and three RH levels (60,
80 and 100%) were tested. Results showed that percentage germination decreased linearly in proportion to leaf age (P < 0.001), being 58% at 2 weeks and 35% at 10 weeks. A polynomial equation with linear term of leaf age was developed to describe
the effect of leaf age on conidium germination. Temperature significantly (P < 0.001) affected frequencies of conidium germination on wet leaves held at 100% RH, with the effective range being 5 to
25°C. The percent germination was 16.1, 23.9, 38.8, 47.8 and 35.5% germination at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25°C, respectively, after
24 h. Polynomial models adequately described the frequencies of conidium germination at these conditions over the wetness
periods. The rate of germ tube elongation followed a similar trend, except that the optimum was 15°C, with final mean lengths
of 175, 228, 248, 215 and 135 μm at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25°C, respectively after 168 h. Polynomial models satisfactorily described
the relationships between temperature and germ tube elongation. Formation of appressoria, when found, occurred 6 h after the
first signs of germination. The percentage of germlings with appressoria increased with increasing temperature to a maximum
of 43% at 15°C, with no appressoria formed at 25°C after 48 h of incubation. Increasing wetness duration caused increasing
numbers of conidia to germinate at all temperatures tested (5–25°C). The minimum leaf wetness periods required for germination
at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25°C were 24, 12, 9, 9 and 12 h, respectively. At 20°C, a shorter wetness period (6 h) was sufficient
if germinating conidia were then placed in 100% RH, but not at 80 or 60%. However, no conidia germinated without free water
even after 48 h of incubation at 20°C and 100% RH. The models developed in this study should be validated under field conditions.
They could be developed into a forecasting component of an integrated system for the control of olive leaf spot. 相似文献
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恶霉灵与溴菌腈混配对香蕉枯萎病菌的抑制效果 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：15
分别以孢子萌发法与菌丝生长法测定了噁霉灵与溴菌腈5种不同配比混配制剂对香蕉枯萎病菌的毒力.结果表明,不同配比的噁霉灵与溴菌腈的混配制剂都有不同程度的增效作用,其中以噁霉灵∶溴菌腈=2∶1的混配制剂增效作用最为显著,孢子萌发法和菌丝生长法的共毒系数分别为220和262.按噁霉灵∶溴菌腈=2∶1制成的45%噁霉灵*溴菌腈WP处理蕉园土中的孢子和菌丝,300～225 mg/L药液对孢子和菌丝的抑制率均达95%以上;处理香蕉枯萎病菌接种过10天的盆栽香蕉组培苗,20天后的防效达80%,比25%溴菌腈WP 625 mg/L和90%噁霉灵SP 300 mg/L的防治效果分别提高53%和14%. 相似文献
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本研究通过利用喷雾干燥技术，制备一种木霉菌微胶囊剂。采用单因素和正交试验，优化了喷雾干燥工艺和微胶囊剂配方的技术参数，进风和出风的温度（T-in，T-out）分别为（92±2）℃和（55±2）℃；微胶囊剂配方为：棘孢木霉菌（Trichoderma asperellum，Tr266B）发酵浓缩液含固量为20%，黄腐酸（YHA）与麦芽糊精的含量各为15%，阿拉伯胶和甘油的含量各为2%；喷雾干燥后的微胶囊含水量为7.5%~8.5%。同时，还研究了喷雾干燥温度、贮藏温度和微胶囊的含水量对孢子萌发率的影响。结果表明，在喷雾干燥过程中，T-in和T-out对孢子的萌发率有显著的影响。当T-in和T-out分别高于（95±2）℃和（65±2）℃时，孢子萌发率会下降10%~40%；当贮存温度4℃，微胶囊的含水量在7.5%~8.5%时，贮存6个月后，孢子的萌发率没有发生明显变化；当微胶囊的含水量低于6.5%时，随着贮存时间的延长，孢子的萌发率缓慢下降；当贮存在25℃条件下，6个月后孢子的萌发率不到10%。本研究确定了所开发的微胶囊壁材为黄腐酸、麦芽糊精和阿拉伯胶，保湿剂为甘油，这些材料与棘孢木霉菌Tr266B有良好的生物相容性，为产业化生产和贮存木霉菌微胶囊剂提供了依据。 相似文献
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Seeds of Poa annua from original collections in Louisiana, Maryland and Wisconsin were grown together in Louisiana over a 3-year period. The freshly harvested seeds and samples stored in moist soil at 30°C were tested for germination at a range of temperatures to compare dormancy and germination characteristics. Seeds of the Louisiana population were dormant over the germination temperature range of 5–25°C, and imbibed storage for 2 weeks did not break dormancy. Freshly harvested seeds of the Maryland population germinated well (78%) at 10°C. With 1 week of imbibed storage at 30°C, germination was good over the range from 5 to 15°C and near 50% at 20°C. Storage for 2 weeks had little further effect. Freshly harvested seeds of two Wisconsin populations germinated above 50% throughout the range of temperatures, and imbibed storage for 2 weeks at 30°C had no effect on germination. The variations in the dormancy of freshly harvested seeds and the varying responses of dormancy breaking from storing imbibed seeds at 30°C suggests that these populations have adapted to avoid high summer temperatures in Louisiana and Maryland but to grow as a summer annual in Wisconsin. 相似文献
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A study was conducted to assess the effect of temperature on infection and development of Plasmodiophora brassicae in the root cortex of Shanghai pak choy (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) and on subsequent clubroot severity. Ten-day-old seedlings were grown individually, inoculated with resting spores, and maintained in growth cabinets at 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30?C. Seedlings were harvested at 2-day intervals, starting 8 days after inoculation (DAI) and continuing until 42 DAI. Roots were assessed at 4-day intervals for the incidence of cortical infection and stage of infection (young plasmodia, mature plasmodia, and resting spores), at 2-day intervals for symptom development and clubroot severity, and at 8-day intervals for the number of spores per gram of gall. Temperature affected every stage of clubroot development. Cortical infection was highest and symptoms were observed earliest at 25?C, intermediate at 20 and 30?C, and lowest and latest at 15?C. No cortical infection or symptoms were observed at 42 DAI in plants grown at 10?C. A substantial delay in the development of the pathogen was observed at 15?C. Resting spores were first observed at 38 DAI in plants at 15?C, 26 DAI at 20 and 30?C, and 22 DAI at 25?C. The yield of resting spores from galls was higher in galls that developed at 20 to 30?C than those that developed at 15?C over 42 days of assessment. These results support the observation in companion studies that cool temperatures result in slower development of clubroot symptoms in brassica crops, and demonstrate that the temperature has a consistent pattern of effect throughout the life cycle of the pathogen. 相似文献
16.
硅酸钠对葡萄炭疽病的防治效果 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为探讨硅酸钠在室内和田间对葡萄炭疽病的防治效果,以巨峰葡萄为材料,对葡萄炭疽菌孢子萌发、菌丝生长速率及室内和田间防治炭疽病效果等进行测定。结果表明:不同浓度硅酸钠对葡萄炭疽菌的孢子萌发和菌丝生长均有抑制作用,且随浓度升高抑制作用增强;室内接种炭疽病菌5 d后,15、20和25 mmol/L硅酸钠对葡萄炭疽病的防治效果分别为30.58%、44.37%和52.71%,且抑制效果差异极显著;田间最后1次喷药10 d后,15、20和25 mmol/L硅酸钠对葡萄炭疽病的防治效果分别为66.94%、67.16%和73.46%,喷施10%苯醚甲环唑6次的防治效果为76.84%,喷施3次的防治效果为64.29%;25 mmol/L硅酸钠与喷施6次苯醚甲环唑的防治效果差异不显著,但与喷施3次苯醚甲环唑的差异极显著。研究表明,在生长季可利用硅酸钠与常规药剂交替使用来防治葡萄炭疽病。 相似文献
17.
采用吸水纸检验法,对北京地区22份辣椒(Capsicum annuum)种子样品的分析结果是:木贼镰刀菌(Fusarium equiseti)、串珠镰刀菌(F. moniliforme)、尖孢镰刀菌(F.oxysporum)、半裸镰刀菌(F. semitectum)和茄病镰刀菌(F. solani)是5种常见的辣椒种生镰刀菌,其平均带菌率分别为1.0%,2.6%,0.1%,0.8%和0.2%。经发芽试验观察,在自然带菌的情况下,木贼镰刀菌,串珠镰刀菌、尖孢镰刀菌、半裸镰刀菌和茄病镰刀菌能分别使种子发芽率降低98.6%,39.8%、62.1%、2.7%和52.1%。经土壤接种法进行致病性测定,除半裸镰刀菌对植株无明显致病性反应外,其它4种镰刀菌均能不同程度地引起植株枯萎和其它病理症状。 相似文献
18.
A study was conducted to assess the effect of temperature on infection and development of Plasmodiophora brassicae in root hairs of Shanghai pak choi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) and on initiation of clubroot symptoms. Ten‐day‐old seedlings were grown in liquid‐sand culture, inoculated with resting spores and maintained in growth cabinets at 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30°C. Seedlings were harvested at 2‐day intervals, starting 2 days after inoculation (DAI) and continuing until swelling of the tap root was observed (maximum 28 days). Roots were assessed for root hair infection (RHI), stage of development of infection (primary plasmodia, zoosporangia, release of zoospores, secondary plasmodia), symptom development, and for clubroot severity at 24 DAI. Temperature affected every stage of clubroot development; RHI was highest and visual symptoms initiated earliest at 25°C, intermediate at 20 and 30°C, and lowest and latest at 15 and 10°C. Root hair infection was observed at every temperature, but clubroot symptoms developed only above 15°C. A substantial delay in the development of the pathogen was observed at 10 and 15°C. No symptoms were observed at 28 DAI in plants grown at 10°C. Swelling of the tap root was visible at 28 DAI in plants at 15°C, 14 DAI at 20 and 30°C, and 10 DAI at 25°C. These results support and explain the observation in companion studies that cool temperatures result in slower development of clubroot symptoms in brassica crops. 相似文献
19.
In annual plants affected by inflorescence‐invading smut pathogens, avoidance of infection is crucial, while in the event of infection, the existence of different degrees of tolerance could also affect the interaction dynamics. Two experiments were performed with Digitaria sanguinalis spikelets vacuum inoculated with ustilospores of Ustilago syntherismae. In the first experiment, they were sown in pots and mature plants were checked to detect internal hyphae. Observations revealed the presence of symptomless mycelium in a few plants. In the second experiment the spikelets, from two different lots, were grown in a chamber. The objective was to explore the importance of two factors in the degree of seedling infection, one genotypic – type of germination (TG; radicular or coleoptilar) and one environmental – 48 h dark treatment (DT) applied just after germination. Analysis of the infection frequency showed that all the main effects (seed lot origin, TG and DT) were significant, while interactions were not. For TG, the estimated least square mean infection percentages were 66% for radicular germination and 46% for coleoptilar germination. Darkness increased seedling infection by 25%. Differences between TG, DT and their relationship with mesocotyl length exposed to the germinating spores are discussed. 相似文献