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1.
Björn Kluge Arvid Markert Michael Facklam Harald Sommer Mathias Kaiser Matthias Pallasch Gerd Wessolek 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2018,18(2):431-441
Purpose
Stormwater bioretention systems are widely used to treat diffuse infiltration of runoff from paved surfaces and roofs. Substantial questions remain about the hydraulic performance and the accumulation of pollutants in systems over the long term. Data of metal accumulation of systems with operational times >10 years currently is limited. This study deals with the accumulation of metals in a variety of long-term operational bioretention systems (11–22 years) to derive further operation recommendations for the water authorities.Materials and methods
The hydraulic conductivity of the bioretention systems in field was measured using a double ring infiltrometer. Media soil samples from 22 diverse designed systems were collected across the surface and at intervals up to a depth of 65 cm to determine the spatial accumulation of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd. Leaching experiments of selected bioretention media soils were derived to assess the metal leachability by water.Results and discussion
The hydraulic performance of most bioretention systems still met the technical guidelines of Germany even after long-term operation. Considerable metal accumulation occurred in the topsoil (0–20 cm). Median concentrations of all metals are highest at the soil surface (0–10 cm), decreasing with increasing depth. High concentrations were determined at the inflow points of the runoff waters, whereas concentrations at more than 1.5 m distance from the inflow were only slightly increased compared to the initial soil concentrations. Leachability tests have shown that most of the metals deposited in bioretention soils are only slightly water soluble. No concentrations exceeding the threshold values of the German Soil Contamination Ordinance for the pathway soil to groundwater could be determined.Conclusions
The hydraulic conductivity of the bioretention systems is given even well after long-term operation. Most of the metal accumulation is concentrated in the top 20 cm; concentrations decrease rapidly and mostly reach background/initial concentrations after depths of 30 cm. The water-soluble metals are all below the trigger values of the German Soil Act. This underlines the strong retention capacity of long-term bioretention systems after long-term operational times.2.
Bioretention systems are of immense importance as they serve as small “sponges” for cities, cutting stormwater runoff, removing pollution, and using precipitation resources. However, performance data for these facilities are generally lacking, particularly at the field scale. This study investigated the runoff quantity regulation and pollutant removal performance of bioswale and rain garden systems from 2014 to 2017. A performance assessment of these facilities demonstrated that anti-seepage rain garden, bioswale-A, and bioswale-B effectively retained inflow volumes by the filter media, reducing runoff volumes by 54.08, 98.25, and 77.65%, respectively, on average, with only two events of overflowing. According to the water quality data in 24 rainfall events, the main pollutant indexes for the new city include total nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand, and the median values for their respective effluent event median concentrations were 1.29 and 40.13 mg/L for anti-seepage rain garden and 1.68 and 74.00 mg/L for bioswale-B systems. The mean values of pollutant removal of the three bioretention systems, except for infiltration rain garden, were 39.8–59.73% (median?=?54.32%), 61.06–72.66% (median?=?73.47%), and 76.67%–88.16% (median?=?80.64%). Meanwhile, outflow volume of water was found to be most influenced by inflow volumes for the bioswales and anti-seepage rain garden. Mass removals were higher than concentrations owing to water volume attenuation. Based on the data of monitored pollution loads, this study estimated the annual pollutant load removal as 75.45 and 90.7% for anti-seepage rain garden and bioswale-B according to the percent of monitoring rainfall depth in total annual precipitation. This study also established the target pollutant service life model on the basis of accumulated annual load and media adsorption capacity. The results of this study will contribute to a greater understanding of the treatment performance of bioretention systems, assisting in the design, operation, and maintenance of them. 相似文献
3.
[目的]减轻西北地区高速铁路车站片区建设过程引起的水资源矛盾问题,实现铁路车站片区雨水的积存、渗透和净化,促进雨水资源的利用和生态环境保护,实现高速铁路绿色施工。[方法]以甘肃省兰州市西客站为研究对象,采用暴雨洪水管理模型(SWMM)研究了传统开发下的雨水径流效应,并对采用生物滞留池、透水铺装、绿色屋顶及生物滞留池+透水铺装+绿色屋顶组合措施方案3种低影响开发(LID)方案进行了模拟。[结果]不同LID措施均能有效削减径流总量、洪峰流量、溢水量及延后峰现时间,其中组合LID方案的控制效果最佳,对洪峰流量和径流总量削减率高达75.9%和41.6%;透水铺装和生物滞留池对洪峰流量和径流总量的削减效果较显著;绿色屋顶单独铺设时,雨洪控制效果较差。[结论]合理采用LID措施可以有效地实现雨水的可持续管理,减小铁路车站片区的洪涝灾害。 相似文献
4.
[目的] 基于定量化数值建立一个跨区域评价不同土壤类型和管理措施坡面拦蓄径流能力的指标体系,为水土流失防治工作提供科学指导。 [方法] 在新疆维吾尔自治区伊宁市北山坡的灰钙土、棕红土坡面和贵州赤水市大石河小流域的紫色土坡面各布设了4种管理措施的径流小区,基于2019—2021年4—9月的自然降雨量和径流量观测数据,用径流系数、径流曲线数(CN值)和降雨产流阈值数据量化比较了12个径流小区的减流能力。 [结果] 不同土壤拦蓄径流能力排序为：灰钙土＜棕红土＜紫色土,其CN值分别为90.05,89.53和77.36;其降雨产流阈值分别为3.44,3.50和14.96 mm。不同评价指标结果均显示,灰钙土和棕红土管理措施坡面的拦蓄径流能力顺序为：枯草覆盖＞水平沟＞增渗孔＞对照;紫色土管理措施坡面减流能力的顺序为：园地＞草地＞耕地＞对照。对于对照小区,当径流系数增加1%时,灰钙土、棕红土和紫色土的径流深分别增加了1.73,2.61和6.79 mm;当CN值增加1时,3种土壤坡面的径流深则将分别减少1.00,1.00和0.71 mm。 [结论] 跨区域评价不同土壤类型坡面的减流能力时,推荐用CN值和降雨产流阈值指标,不宜使用径流系数。 相似文献
5.
Low Impact Development Practices: A Review of Current Research and Recommendations for Future Directions 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Michael E. Dietz 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2007,186(1-4):351-363
The low impact development (LID) approach has been recommended as an alternative to traditional stormwater design. Research on individual LID practices such as bioretention, pervious pavements, and grassed swales has increased in recent years. Bioretention cells have been effective in retaining large volumes of runoff and pollutants on site, and consistently reduced concentrations of certain pollutants such as metals. However, retention of certain pollutants such as nitrate–nitrogen and phosphorus has been problematic. Porous pavements have been extremely effective in infiltrating stormwater runoff. Concerns have been raised about groundwater contamination, but research has shown that this is not a problem in most settings. Green roofs have been found to retain a large percentage of rainfall (63% on average) in a variety of climates. A common thread across bioretention, green roofs and grassed swales was found: the export of phosphorus. The issue appears to be linked to high phosphorus levels in the soil media, or possibly to fertilization of turf or planted areas. Solutions to this problem have been recommended. Contrary to popular belief, research has shown that bioretention and pervious pavements continue to infiltrate even with frost in the ground. Although issues have been identified with retention of certain pollutants, the LID approach has been found to result in increased retention of stormwater and pollutants on site, mimicking pre-development hydrologic function. Future research needs have also been identified. 相似文献
6.
人工生物土壤结皮特性及其集雨潜力的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探讨在太行山半干旱区利用人工土壤生物结皮进行集雨的潜力和可行性,以自然生长的生物土壤结皮为种子,通过培育建立人工土壤生物结皮和生物结皮集雨,对人工土壤生物结皮建成后土壤物理性状、渗透率的变化及人工生物结皮集雨面的集流效率进行了研究。结果表明,人工土壤生物结皮与自然生长的生物结皮一样,可显著改变土壤的颗粒组成,使0~1 cm表层土壤的小颗粒物质含量增加、大颗粒物质减少,但对0~5 cm的土壤容重影响不显著。对土壤入渗速率的测定结果表明,人工培育的土壤生物结皮具有降低入渗速率的作用,与自然土壤相比,生物结皮的土壤初始入渗速率和稳定入渗速率分别下降59.1%和44.4%,达到稳定入渗的加水量也减少50.0%。人工营建的生物结皮集雨面的平均集雨效率达60.86%,与自然土面相比,提高23.0%。对集雨面效益分析表明,生物结皮集雨面不仅具有较高的集雨效果,且使用年限较长,并具有明显的减少地表径流沉积物含量,提高土壤抗蚀性的作用。综上结果可以看出,人工土壤生物结皮是一种极具潜力的绿色环保型集雨材料。 相似文献
7.
Carmen Arena Anna De Maio Flavia De Nicola Lucia Santorufo Luca Vitale Giulia Maisto 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2014,225(1):1-12
Bioretention cells, also known as raingardens, are increasingly being constructed as a means to collect, infiltrate, and treat stormwater runoff. There are concerns, however, about how stormwater management practices might function in terms of infiltration and pollutant removal as they age. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (K sat) values were obtained for eight cells in 2006 and again for three of those cells in 2010 using an infiltrometer. A strong positive correlation of mean K sat with service time was observed (slope = 10.2?±?2.4 cm/h per year, R 2 = 0.67). Results from metals analyses of bioretention media cores collected from six bioretention cells showed the expected trend of Cu and Zn enrichment at the surface while Cd was detected only in one out of 72 media samples analyzed. Sorption isotherms from batch testing of field media samples (T = 22.5 °C, pH = 7.2) were used to estimate metal sorption capacities based on representative stormwater Cd and Zn concentrations. Cu was not considered, as very little of the metal is dissolved under these conditions (22.8?±?7.1 %). The mean equilibrium sorption capacities for Cd (10.2?±?3.1 mg/kg) and Zn (294.9?±?14.9 mg/kg) far exceeded observed levels in the bioretention media such that the remaining sorption capacity was ≥83 % for Zn and ≥90 % for Cd for the cells. Overall, the results of this investigation suggest that bioretention cells can provide many years of effective infiltration (>6 years) and metals removal performance (>25 years). 相似文献
8.
黄土丘陵沟壑区不同退耕类型径流、侵蚀效应及其时间变化特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在自然降水条件下,连续14年对半干旱黄土丘陵沟壑区坡耕地及其4种退耕类型径流、侵蚀进行观测实验。结果表明:坡耕地退耕显著减少地表径流和土壤侵蚀,退耕类型之间径流量和侵蚀量存在显著差异,其大小次序为:农耕坡地>牧草地>乔木林地>自然草地>灌木林地。地表径流和侵蚀具有明显的季节分布特征,减流、减沙效应主要发生于7月和8月。牧草地累积减流、减沙效应随年度增加逐步下降,乔木林地的累积减流效应逐渐下降而减沙效应则逐步增加,灌木林地累积减流、减沙效应持续提高,自然草地则为先增长后降低的过程。14年观测结果表明:累积减流、减沙效应次序为:灌木林地>自然草地>乔木林地>牧草地。牧草地和乔木林地在短期具有较好的减流、减沙效应,而灌木林地和自然草地具有较好稳定持久的水土保持功能。 相似文献
9.
[目的]分析植草沟对北京城市道路径流的水量和水质的调控效应,为北京市雨洪管理提供参考。[方法]实地建立植草沟,并根据北京市多年降雨资料和主干道路径流水质2010—2012年的监测结果设置径流水量和水质。[结果](1)降雨历时短,降雨强度低时植草沟的调控水量的功能明显。在降雨历时为3h,降雨重现期为0.33a时,50m2的植草沟可削减50m2沥青道路上产生的66%的径流量,降雨强度相对降雨历时来说对植草沟传输入渗的影响更大。(2)植草沟对水质污染物有一定的去除效果,但达不到完全净化。建设的植草沟能够削减径流中的氨氮达20%,总磷达35%,COD达22%。(3)植被覆盖度能影响植草沟的调控能力。植被覆盖度增加60%,植草沟对0.33年重现期降雨1h的雨量入渗率提高了8%。(4)若建立与北京市城六区道路等长度、宽2m的植草沟,对1a,2a重现期24h降雨形成的道路径流削减率分别为96.3%和56.0%,但对50a极端降雨道路径流量的削减率仅为13.0%。[结论]植草沟对北京市道路地表径流具有一定的调蓄洪峰流量,延缓产流时间,减少径流污染的作用,但无法单独作为有效控制城市道路地表径流水量的管理措施。 相似文献
10.
为有效防治坡耕地水土流失,持续利用坡耕地,于2007-2010年在黄土高原西部坡耕地上研究保护性耕作对水土流失的影响,重点探讨传统耕作与免耕秸秆覆盖2种耕作措施下春小麦、鹰嘴豆、马铃薯与紫花苜蓿间作的水土流失规律。结果表明:(1)各处理8月份的径流量分别占观测时段内总径流量的46.46%～51.29%,侵蚀量分别占观测时段内总侵蚀量的40.10%～61.22%。(2)降雨量与径流量、侵蚀量间呈现多元多项式关系。(3)2007-2010年不同种植模式下径流总量和侵蚀总量的变化趋势是一致的,均表现出NTSPL相似文献
11.
以江西德安县燕沟小流域坡地原位径流小区长期（2002-2005年）观测试验为基础,对比分析了红壤丘陵区典型小流域内果园不同间套种模式下的径流与泥沙输移特征及其对降雨的响应,并探讨果园间套种模式下的土壤结构、持水力变化与系统环境协调的内在途径。长期监测结果表明：草本间作显著地减少了坡地果园地表径流（80%）和泥沙（95%）运移,其中百喜草种植最大程度地减少了地表径流与泥沙在坡地上的运移;套种农作物模式中,纵坡耕作比横坡耕作增加了20%的径流损失和77%的泥沙运移损失。尽管简易横坡耕作措施能减少水土流失,但其侵蚀量随径流量增大而增加幅度最高（拟合方程线性斜率为2.68）,因此在季风气候区暴雨多发的条件下,可能不是红壤丘陵区有效减少水土流失的最佳选择;降雨量是影响红壤丘陵区坡地土壤侵蚀的关键因素。基于降雨资料的预测模型可以为鄱阳湖流域综合治理提供有效的决策支持;多种间套种模式的水土保持效应对比研究为区域内农林复合系统的综合效益评估提供科学的评价基础。 相似文献
12.
K. Jin W. M. Cornelis W. Schiette J. J. Lu T. Buysse G. Baert H. J. Wu Y. Yao D. X. Cai J. Y. Jin S. De Neve R. Hartmann & D. Gabriels 《Soil Use and Management》2008,24(2):181-191
Field rainfall simulations with intensities of 85 and 170 mm/h were conducted in 2002 and 2005 on a 15-m long slope on a loess soil in Luoyang, Henan Province, P. R. China to study the effects of different soil management practices on the redistribution and loss of soil organic carbon (SOC) by runoff and soil erosion. Field plots under winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) were set up in 2001 and included the following soil management practices: subsoiling with mulch (SSM), no-till with mulch (NTM), reduced tillage (RT) and conventional tillage control (CT). The results showed that SOC for topsoil (0–20 cm) increased in the NTM and SSM plots when compared with results from 2002 and 2005. For all treatments, SOC in the lower part of the plots was higher in 2005 than in 2002. The values from the upper parts of the plots were only lower in 2005 compared with the overall values for 2002 for RT and CT. The enrichment ratio of organic carbon (ERoc ) in runoff sediment varied from 1.01 to 2.24 with a mean of 1.25. During the simulated rainfall events, ERoc was initially high and then reduced after a short period to reach a steady value at the end of the event, always remaining ≥1. The change in SOC loss rate was more dependent on the sediment loss rate than on the changes in SOC concentration in the sediment. The best results in terms of a reduction in soil and SOC loss were obtained with NTM: no runoff and hence no soil and SOC loss were observed. SOC losses observed for SSM were on average only 4% of those observed for CT. RT resulted in 71% SOC loss compared with CT although the runoff reduction was not pronounced. For farmers, SSM and NTM are the best alternatives in terms of SOC conservation. NTM has the additional advantage that it requires less labour and is more beneficial from economic and environmental perspectives. 相似文献
13.
以密云水库以上的潮河流域作为研究区域,对流域1961—2005年的还原年径流量、年降水量、年水土保持措施（水平梯田和造林）面积数据进行了多元回归分析。建立基于降水—水土保持—径流之间关系的统计模型,定量评估了该区水土保持措施对流域年径流量的影响程度。模型评估结果表明,1961—1970年,1971—1980年,1981—1990年,1991—2000年,2001—2005年,流域水土保持措施的年均减水效应分别为2.54%,3.52%,28.71%,6.87%和48.02%;1981—2005年,流域水土保持措施的年均减水效应比较显著为22.96%。2001—2005年的年均减水效应最大,1981—1990年的年均减水效应次之,1991—2000年的年均减水效应最小。水土保持措施对枯水时段的减水效应更为突出。 相似文献
14.
湘中低山丘陵区坡面产流输沙对降雨、土壤类型及水保措施的综合响应特征 总被引：2，自引：4，他引：2
针对湘中低山丘陵区地形地貌条件多样、水土流失影响机制复杂的问题,选取湖南省中部井头(黄壤)、秋波(紫色土)以及莲荷(红壤)3个径流场不同水土保持措施径流小区,综合探究湘中丘陵区不同土壤类型、水土保持措施以及侵蚀性雨型等因子对坡面产流输沙规律的影响特征。结果表明:在年降水量相近的条件下,年径流深和年侵蚀量均为红壤紫色土黄壤;各水保措施小区的减流效益较差,但其减沙效益较好,以黄壤草地措施、紫色土水保林以及红壤经果林和草地措施减沙效益较为明显,年侵蚀减沙率分别达87.89%,55.88%,37.99%和41.07%;大雨强、短历时、低雨量、高频率的降雨占各小区侵蚀降雨场次的比例均在50%以上,该类降雨也是黄壤和红壤各小区坡面产流输沙以及紫色土各小区产流的主导雨型。中雨强、长历时、高雨量、低频率降雨是引起各小区单次降雨径流泥沙流失量最大的雨型。研究结果对完善水土流失的相关理论和规律具有重要的意义,对区域水土保持工作的开展提供了重要的指导作用和理论价值。 相似文献
15.
[目的]为了分析不同基质层厚度的绿化屋面对雨水的调蓄作用。[方法]通过搭建绿化屋面装置,采用人工降雨模拟器开展试验,在不同基质层厚度和降雨条件下,对绿化屋面的降雨—径流过程、持蓄雨水和减滞洪峰能力进行了研究。[结果]基质层厚度在一定的范围内时,绿化屋面出水的洪峰过程具有很高的相似性;绿化屋面基质层厚度与降雨持蓄率呈指数函数的关系;洪峰削减率与降雨强度无明显关系,主要由基质层厚度决定。[结论]绿化屋面能在一定程度上降低雨水的径流峰值,减少总的径流量,延缓产流时间,且随着基质层厚度的增加,绿化屋面对雨水的调蓄能力越好。 相似文献
16.
为探究降雨和管理措施对南方赤红壤果园坡面土壤侵蚀特征的影响,基于野外原位径流小区观测试验,探讨清耕和刈割处理下赤红壤果园坡面土壤侵蚀特征。结果表明:2018年研究区降雨主要集中在5—9月,2019年主要集中在3—8月,2018—2019年研究区80%以上降雨是侵蚀性降雨。2018年、2019年果园坡面年径流量和侵蚀量及次降雨下坡面径流量、侵蚀量均表现为清耕处理>刈割处理,且与径流量相比,二者的侵蚀量差异更为明显。次降雨下,2018年不同处理下果园坡面径流泥沙量在3—4月变化平稳且差异小,5—9月出现了不同程度的波动,且与刈割处理相比,清耕处理波动幅度更大; 2019年不同处理下坡面径流量在2—3月,7—9月波动较大,4—7月变化平缓,但侵蚀量在年内整体波动较大。与清耕处理相比,刈割处理可以减少暴雨和大暴雨降雨等级下果园坡面径流量; 同时刈割处理下中雨、大雨和暴雨降雨等级下果园坡面侵蚀量显著降低,且暴雨降雨等级下的降低作用尤为明显。刈割和清耕处理下坡面径流量与降雨历时呈显著相关关系,与降雨量呈极显著相关关系。研究结果可为南方红壤丘陵区果园坡面水土流失的防治提供理论依据和参考。 相似文献
17.
Jason R. Burgess-Conforti Kristofor R. Brye David M. Miller Erik D. Pollock Lisa S. Wood 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2018,229(2):34
Due to low cost and large abundance, coal continues to be one of the major energy sources for electricity generation in the USA. The dry desulfurization of flue gases during coal combustion produces a by-product that may be potentially useful as a soil amendment. However, the influence of dry flue gas desulfurization (DFGD) by-products on trace element losses with runoff from treated fields has not been well investigated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of land application of a high-Ca, DFGD by-product on trace elements lost in runoff from natural rainfall events. The by-product was applied once on May 18, 2015 at 9 Mg DFGD ha?1 to small plots of a highly weathered Ultisol under managed-grassland land use in northwest Arkansas. Runoff was collected following each runoff-producing precipitation event for 1 year. Seasonal (i.e., summer (May to August), fall (August to November), winter (November to February), and spring (February to May)) runoff, annual runoff, runoff pH, and electrical conductivity did not differ significantly between DFGD treatments. Seasonal flow-weighted mean Ni concentrations and seasonal V loads were significantly greater in runoff when amended versus the unamended control when compared during at least one 3-month season by 44.5 and 86.9% for Ni and V, respectively. Based on the results of this study, it appears that land application of a high-Ca DFGD by-product at rates ≤?9 Mg ha?1 has minimal effects on trace elements in runoff. 相似文献
18.
为研究土壤改良剂玉米茎秆汁液对中国西部地区水土流失的影响和机理,该文通过室内土壤理化性质测定和人工模拟降雨试验,研究了地表施加玉米茎秆汁液对土壤团聚体的平均重量直径、土壤有机质质量分数和土壤减水减沙效益的影响。试验以未施加任何玉米茎秆汁液的黄土坡面为对照,设计单位面积玉米茎秆汁液施加量1 041.7 mL/m2,施加汁液体积分数25%和50%,降雨强度为50 mm/h,研究玉米茎秆汁液施加对土壤减水减沙的影响。结果表明,玉米茎秆汁液的施加可以增加土壤有机质的含量,提高土壤团聚体的平均重量直径,降低产流产沙速率。对照、体积分数25%和50%汁液施加下的土壤团聚体平均重量直径分别为0.18、0.46和0.51 mm,土壤有机质质量分数分别为5.70%、6.75%和7.17%。较对照,体积分数25%和50%汁液施加下,土壤的减水效益分别为45.81%和48.34%,减沙效益分别为65.00%和75.47%。玉米茎秆汁液的减水减沙效益随时间的推移而降低,月均减水、减沙效益降低量约为1.25%和1.41%,研究中施加体积分数25%和50%汁液的土壤减水减沙效益约可持续3和4.5 a。综上,玉米茎秆汁液作为土壤改良剂在施加量为1 041.7 mL/m2时,茎秆汁液与水的体积比为1:1时,效果较好。该研究可以为将玉米茎秆汁液作为土壤改良剂用于土壤侵蚀的防治提供施放参考。 相似文献
19.
赣江流域水土保持生态建设减水减沙效益评价 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
利用赣江流域1956-2008年年降雨量和赣江控制站外洲水文站年径流量和年输沙量资料,采用水文分析法计算赣江流域近30a水土保持生态建设的减水减沙效益。结果表明,赣江流域治理后期1984-2008年水土保持生态建设年均减沙量为5.70×106t,年均减沙效率为48.57%。随着水土保持措施的生效,减沙率有逐年上升而后稳定的趋势,2008年减沙率达80.54%;赣江流域水土保持生态建设对流域年径流总量减少不明显,后期径流量反而会有所增加。水土保持生态建设能增加流域土壤入渗,减少地表径流,削减洪峰流量,延长汇流时间,起到防洪减灾效果。 相似文献
20.
大别山区是国家水土保持重点建设工程的主要区域之一,为探究不同时间尺度下不同降雨等级和植被类型对产流产沙影响,基于霍山县水土保持试验站2011—2018年的试验小区自然降雨及产流产沙量观测数据进行了定量分析。结果表明:(1)在次降雨事件的时间序列分析中,2011—2018年次降雨存在雨量更大、雨势更急的趋势,茶叶相对于黄豆等其他植被,具有显著的保沙能力,且其减沙效益高于减流效益,8年的黄豆种植使得土壤侵蚀愈发严重。(2)在99%的置信水平下,黄豆的产沙风险是茶叶的21.29倍。(3)随着降雨等级提升,产沙风险也逐步提升,其中暴雨和大暴雨产沙风险较其他降雨等级显著提升。(4)茶叶出现产沙与瞬时雨强相关,雨强对产沙的重要性高于雨量,黄豆多由产流而导致产沙,雨量对产沙的重要性高于雨强,各因子对茶叶的评价平均精度高于黄豆。(5)黄豆处于三叶期—开花期和结荚期—成熟期时具有较好的保水保沙效益,而三叶期—开花期产流产沙峰值主要由于高水平的雨量雨强导致。研究结果较好地显示了茶叶和黄豆在不同降雨及生长状态下的产流产沙特征及影响因素,可为大别山地区以减少水土流失为目的的植被种植与管护提供科学依据。 相似文献