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1.
Two varieties of Bechmeria nivea (L.) Gaud. (Ramie), namely, triploid Tri-2 and diploid Xiangzhu-3, were potted with soils from Guangdong for 15 weeks and treated with 10 mmol kg?1 EDTA or EGTA before harvest at 17th week. Lead, Zn, and Cd in plant and soil materials were analyzed, and their potential ecological risk in soils was simultaneously evaluated. These three metals in soils was found to be above 14.4, 3.0, and 29.9 times higher than the national (China) background value, 10.9, 6.19, and 96.7 times higher than the local (Guangdong) background value, and 1.25, 1.20, and 9.67 times higher than the maximum permissible concentration for soils, respectively. An ecological risk analysis of metals using Häkanson's method indicated an extremely high contamination and a significantly high potential ecological risk by these three metals in soils. The both ramie varieties contained respective concentration exceeding the concentration of <10, <80, and <0.27 mg kg?1, respectively, for Pb, Zn, and Cd in normal plants, suggesting they were multimetal tolerant. Tri-2 generally contained higher Pb, Zn, and Cd than Xiangzhu-3. Treatment with EDTA or EGTA applied at 10 mmol kg?1 generally promoted Pb or Cd concentration in both plants while the uptake of Zn was depressed. The ramie variety of Tri-2 and Xiangzhu-3 could extract 0.161 and 0.147 t?ha?1 of Cd, respectively, equaling to the 0.17 t Cd per hectare by Cd-hyperaccumulating species Viola baoshanensis. Therefore, two ramie varieties in this study had a higher extracting potential for removal of Cd from contaminated soils.  相似文献   

2.
Heavy metal phytoextraction is a soil remediation technique, which makes use of plants in removing contamination from soil. The plants must thus be tolerant to heavy metals, adaptable to soil and climate characteristics, and able to take up large amounts of heavy metals. Most of the high biomass productive plants such as, maize, oat and sunflower are plants, which do not grow in cold climates or need intensive care. In this study three “weed” plants, Borago officinalis; Sinapis alba L. and Phacelia boratus were investigated for their ability to tolerate and accumulate high amounts of Cd and Pb. Pot experiments were performed with soil containing Cd and Pb at concentrations of up to 180 mg kg?1 and 2,400 mg kg?1 respectively. All three plants showed high levels of tolerance. Borago officinalis; and Sinapis alba L. accumulated 109 mg kg?1 and 123 mg kg?1 Cd, respectively at the highest Cd spiked soil concentration. Phacelia boratus reached a Cd concentration of 42 mg kg?1 at a Cd soil concentration of 100 mg kg?1. In the case of Pb, B. officinalis and S. alba L. displayed Pb concentrations of 25 mg kg?1 and 29 mg kg?1, respectively at the highest Pb spiked soil concentration. Although the Pb uptake in P. boratus reached up to 57 mg kg?1 at a Pb spiked soil concentration of 1,200 mg kg?1, it is not suitable for phytoextraction because of its too low biomass.  相似文献   

3.
Due to potential international marketing concerns, North Dakota durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. Desf.) producers require strategies that limit cadmium (Cd) in harvested grain. These trials were conducted in order to determine the impact of type and placement of zinc (Zn) fertilizer on harvested grain seed Cd levels and to determine the best timing of foliar Zn-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Foliar Zn-EDTA applied at Feekes 10 growth stage had the lowest grain Cd of 0.97 mg kg?1 when evaluating different fertilizer sources and application timings. Application of 22.4 kg ha?1 potassium chloride with the seed at planting resulted in the highest grain Cd of 0.151 mg kg?1 and might be a concern when environmental conditions are conducive for Cd uptake from soil. Stepwise linear regression determined that soil pH and chloride explained 96% of the variability of grain Cd. Applying 1.1 kg Zn ha?1 as foliar Zn-EDTA in combination with 33 kg nitrogen ha?1 at Feekes 10.54 growth stage resulted in significantly lower grain Cd, and significantly higher grain Zn, iron, and protein content. Treatments that significantly lowered grain Cd did not decrease grain yield, test weight, or protein content. The treatments that most reduced grain Cd resulted in the most benefits from a production, marketing, and nutritional standpoint and represents an agronomic approach to biofortification of durum wheat.  相似文献   

4.
Interactions between Zn and Cd on the accumulation of these metals in coontail, Ceratophyllum demersum were studied at different metal concentrations. Plants were grown in nutrient solution containing Cd (0.05–0.25 mg l?1) and Zn (0.5–5 mgl?1). High concentrations of Zn caused a significant decrease in Cd accumulation. In general, adding Cd solution decreased Zn accumulation in C. demersum except at the lowest concentration of Zn in which the Zn accumulation was similar to that without Cd. C. demersum could accumulate high concentrations of both Cd and Zn. The influence of humic acid (HA) on Cd and Zn accumulation was also studied. HA had a significant effect on Zn accumulation in plants. 2 mg l?1 of HA reduced Zn accumulation at 1 mg l?1 level (from 2,167 to 803 mg kg?1). Cd uptake by plant tissue, toxicity symptoms and accumulation at 0.25 and 0.5 mg l?1, were reduced (from 515 to 154 mg kg?1 and from 816 to 305 mg kg?1, respectively) by addition of 2 mg l?1 of HA. Cd uptake reached a maximum on day 9 of treatment, while that of Zn was observed on day 15. Long-term accumulation study revealed that HA reduced toxicity and accumulation of heavy metals.  相似文献   

5.
Assessment of native plants and laboratory-scale phytoextraction tests are fundamental and preliminary steps in checking the feasibility and practice of low-cost and low-impact phytoremediation. In this study, we investigated the absorption of B by plants as a tool to remove boron in sediments from different areas of the Cecina River basin in Tuscany, Italy. The investigation was performed analyzing total and available B fraction in sediment samples as well as the B content in different tissues of native plants colonizing the contaminated areas. In laboratory scale, a phytoextraction screening test was performed. Selected high biomass crops (Brassica juncea, Zea mays, and Helianthus annuus) were evaluated in the most contaminated sample in two consecutive growing cycles. Results from field survey showed no hyperaccumulator native plant was present in the investigated areas although, high accumulation levels were found in native species from Bulera dump (Rumex crispus??259 mg?kg?1 and Poa spp??203 mg?kg?1). Results from laboratory phytoextraction tests showed a higher ability of B. juncea which removed about 18.5 mg?B?kg?1 sediment in after the two consecutive growing cycles, representing on the whole 45% of the initial available B fraction. The sediment characteristics affected by the phytoextraction processes were also discussed.  相似文献   

6.

Purpose

Effects of phytoextraction by Sedum alfredii H., a native cadmium hyperaccumulator, on metal removal from and microbial property improvement of a multiple heavy metals contaminated soil were studied under greenhouse conditions.

Materials and methods

A rhizobox experiment with an ancient silver-mining ecotype of S. alfredii natively growing in Zhejiang Province, China, was conducted for remediation of a multiple heavy metals contaminated soil. The rhizobox was designed combining the root-shaking method for the separation of rhizospheric vs near-rhizospheric soils and prestratifying method for separation of sublayers rhizospheric soils (0–10 mm from the root) and bulk soil (>10 mm from the root). Soil and plant samplings were carried out after 3 and 6 months of plant growth.

Results and discussion

Cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), and lead (Pb) concentrations in shoots were 440.6, 11,893, and 91.2 mg kg?1 after 6 months growth, and Cd, Zn, and Pb removed in the shoots were 0.862, 25.20, and 0.117 mg/plant. Microbial biomass C, basal respiration, urease, acid phosphatase, and invertase activities of the rhizospheric soils were significantly higher than that of unplanted soils after 6 months growth. Microbial biomass carbon (MBC) of 0–2 mm and basal respiration (BR) rate of 0–8 mm sublayer rhizospheric soils were significantly higher than that of bulk soil after 6 months growth. So were the three enzyme activities of 0–4 mm sublayer rhizospheric soils. BR rate and urease were significantly negatively correlated with soluble Cd, so were MBC, acid phosphatase, and intervase activities with soluble Zn, MBC, BR rate, and three enzyme activities with soluble Pb.

Conclusions

Harvesting shoots of S. alfredii could remove remarkable amounts of Cd, Zn, Pb, and lower water-soluble Cd, Zn, and Pb concentrations in the rhizospheric soils. MBC, BR rate, and enzyme activities of the metal polluted soil, especially the rhizospheric soils increased with phytoextraction process, which is attributed to the stimulation of soil microbes by planting as well as the decrease in soil-soluble metal concentration.  相似文献   

7.
The distribution in soil and plant uptake of zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) as influenced by pine bark-goat manure (PBG) compost additions were investigated from the soils artificially contaminated with Zn or Pb ions using maize (Zea mays L.) as a test crop. Soils were amended with four rates of pine bark-goat manure compost (0, 50, 100, and 200 tons ha?1) and four rates (0, 300, 600 and 1200 mg kg?1) of Zn or Pb. Maize was planted and grown for 42 days. At harvest, plants samples were analyzed for Zn and Pb concentration. Soils samples were analyzed for pH, extractable and diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) extractable Zn and Pb. Extractable Zn and Pb was lower in PBG compost amended soils than in unamended soils and steadily declined with increasing amount of compost applied. The extractable fraction for Zn dropped by 62.2, 65.0 and 44.6% for 300, 600 and 1200 mg Zn kg?1, respectively when 200 t ha?1 of PBG compost was applied. Metal uptake by maize plants were directly related to the rate of applied heavy metal ions with greater concentrations of metals ions found where metal ions were added to non-amended soils.  相似文献   

8.
Abstract

To avoid toxicity resulting in reduced crop yields and/or phytotoxic symptoms on the foliage, information on the residual effect of micronutrient fertilization after periods of application is desirable. This article includes discussion on the micronutrients copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), because they are essential and are of concern from plant and animal standpoints. In general, no detrimental effects in yield reduction or phytotoxicity were noted from Cu applications of up to 50 kg Cu ha?1 to barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Barley was an exception where 50 kg Cu ha?1 decreased yield by about 12% in the first‐year crop. The Cu levels in plants did not exceed 9 mg kg?1. Studies showed that Zn applications of 50 kg ha?1 for 2 years in succession and the resulting crop tissue Zn levels as high as 105 mg kg?1 did not cause any phytotoxicity in cereals. The results of this study suggest that cereals can tolerate high levels of Cu and Zn.  相似文献   

9.
To increase the phytoextraction efficiency of heavy metals and to reduce the potential negative effects of mobilized metals on the surrounding environment are the two major objectives in a chemically enhanced phytoextraction process. In the present study, a biodegradable chelating agent, NTA, was added in a hot solution at 90°C to soil in which beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L., white bean) were growing. The concentrations of Cu, Zn and Cd, and the total phytoextraction of metals by the shoots of the plant from a 1 mmol kg?1 hot NTA application exceeded those in the shoots of plants treated with 5 mmol kg?1 normal NTA and EDTA solutions (without heating treatment). A significant correlation was found between the concentrations of metals in the shoots of beans and the relative electrolyte leakage rate of root cells, indicating that the root damage resulting from the application of a hot solution might play an important role in the process of chelate-enhanced metal uptake in plants. The application of hot NTA solutions did not significantly increase metal solubilization in soil in comparison with a normal application of solution of the same dosage. Therefore, the application of a hot NTA solution may provide a more efficient alternative in chemical-enhanced phytoextraction, although further studies of techniques of application in fields are sill required.  相似文献   

10.
Selection of a phytoextraction plant with high Cd accumulation potential based on compatibility with mechanized cultivation practice and local environmental conditions may provide more benefits than selection based mainly on high Cd tolerance plants. In this hydroponics study, the potential of Cd accumulation by three plant species; arum (Colocasia antiquorum), radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) were investigated. Arum (Colocasia antiquorum L.) plants were grown for 60 days in a nutrient solution with 0, 10 or 50 μM Cd, while radish and water spinach plants grew only 12 days in 0, 1.5, 2.5, 5 or 10 μM Cd. Growth of radish and water spinach plants decreased under all Cd treatments (1.5 to 10 μM), while arum growth decreased only at 50 μM Cd. At 10 μM Cd treatment, the growth of arum was similar to the control treatment indicating higher tolerance of arum for Cd than radish and water spinach. Cadmium concentrations in different plant parts of all plant species increased significantly with Cd application in the nutrient solution. Arum and water spinach retained greater proportions of Cd in their roots, while in radish, Cd concentration in leaves was higher than in other plant parts. Cadmium concentrations in arum increased from 158 to 1,060 in the dead leaves, 37 to 280 in the normal leaves, 108 to 715 in the stems, 42 to 290 in the bulbs and 1,195 to 3,840 mg kg?1 in the roots, when the Cd level in the solution was raised from 10 μM Cd to 50 μM Cd. Arum accumulated (dry weight?×?concentration) 25 mg plant?1 at 10 μM, while the corresponding values for radish and water spinach were 0.23 and 0.44 mg plant?1, respectively. With no growth retardation at Cd concentrations as high as 166 mg kg?1 measured in entire plant (including root) of arum at 10 μM Cd in the nutrient solution, arum could be a potential Cd accumulator plant species and could be used for phytoremediation.  相似文献   

11.

Purpose

A major challenge to phytoremediation of co-contaminated soils is developing strategies for efficient and simultaneous removal of multiple pollutants. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the potential for enhanced phytoextraction of cadmium (Cd) by Sedum alfredii and dissipation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in co-contaminated soil by application of pig manure vermicompost (PMVC).

Materials and methods

Soil contaminated by Cd (5.53?mg?kg?1 DW) was spiked with phenanthrene, anthracene, and pyrene together (250?mg?kg?1 DW for each PAH). A pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with four treatments: (1) soil without plants and PMVC (Control), (2) soil planted with S. alfredii (Plant), (3) soil amended with PMVC at 5?% (w/w) (PMVC), and (4) treatment 2?+?3 (Plant?+?PMVC). After 90?days, shoot and root biomass of plants, Cd concentrations in plant and soil, and PAH concentrations in soil were determined. Abundance of PAH degraders in soil, soil bacterial community structure and diversity, and soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass carbon were measured.

Results and discussion

Application of PMVC to co-contaminated soil increased the shoot and root dry biomass of S. alfredii by 2.27- and 3.93-fold, respectively, and simultaneously increased Cd phytoextraction without inhibiting soil microbial population and enzyme activities. The highest dissipation rate of PAHs was observed in Plant?+?PMVC treatment. However, neither S. alfredii nor PMVC enhanced PAH dissipation when applied separately. Abundance of PAH degraders in soil was not significantly related to PAH dissipation rate. Plant?+?PMVC treatment significantly influenced the bacterial community structure. Enhanced PAH dissipation in the Plant?+?PMVC treatment could be due to the improvement of plant root growth, which may result in increased root exudates, and subsequently change bacterial community structure to be favorable for PAH dissipation.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that remediation of Cd and PAHs co-contaminated soil by S. alfredii can be enhanced by simultaneous application of PMVC. Long-term evaluation of this strategy in co-contaminated field sites is needed.  相似文献   

12.
Abstract

Athyrium yokoscense, a type of fern that grows vigorously in mining areas in Japan, is well known as a Cd hyperaccumulator as well as a Cu, Pb and Zn tolerant plant. However, no information is available on As accumulation of A. yokoscense, although it often grows on soils containing high levels of both heavy metals and As. In this study, young ferns collected from a mine area were grown in media containing As-spiked soils or mine soil in a greenhouse for 21 weeks. Athyrium yokosense was highly tolerant to arsenate and survived in soils containing up to 500 mg As (V) kg?1. The addition of 100 mg As (V) kg?1 resulted in the highest fern biomass (1.95 g plant?1) among As-spiked soils. Although the As concentration of the fern was lower than other As hyperaccumulators, such as Pteris vittata, A. yokoscense could hyperaccumulate As in mature and old fronds. Arsenic was accumulated most efficiently in old fronds (922 mg kg?1) in the media containing 5 mg As (III) kg?1. Moreover, higher As accumulation was found in the roots of the ferns, with a range from 506 to 2,192 mg kg?1. In addition, in the mine soil with elevated concentrations of As and heavy metals, A. yokoscense not only hyperaccumulated As (242 mg As kg?1 in old fronds), but also accumulated Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn at concentrations much higher than those reported for other terrestrial plants. Athyrium yokoscense accumulated Cd mostly in fronds in high concentrations, up to 1095 mg kg?1, while it accumulated Cu, Zn and Pb mainly in the roots and the concentrations were 375, 2040 and 1165 mg kg?1, respectively.  相似文献   

13.
This study evaluated the petiole uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur (N, P, K, and S) by the potato from two seed meals, mint compost, and five commercially available organic fertilizers under an irrigated certified organic production system. Available soil nitrate (NO3-N) and ammonium (NH4-N) from each amendment averaged 115 kg N ha?1 at application and 25 kg N ha?1 30 d after planting through harvest, with minor differences between fertilizers. Petiole N declined from an average of 25,000 mg N kg?1, 4 wk after emergence to 3,000 mg N kg?1 prior to harvest. Petiole P and K concentrations were maintained above 4,000 mg P kg?1, 10,000 mg K kg?1, and 2,000 mg S kg?1 tissue, respectively, throughout the growing season in all treatments. Tuber yields were not different between fertilized treatments averaging 53 Mg ha?1. This study provides organic potato growers baseline information on the performance of a diverse array of organic fertilizers and amendments.  相似文献   

14.
Alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) is the most troublesome invasive weed in transplanted rice ecosystems worldwide. A two-year field study was conducted to estimate economic threshold levels and the season long competitive effect of six alligator weed densities (0, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 plants m?2) on yield and quality traits of transplanted rice. A gradual linear incline in dry weight of alligator weed was observed with an increase in its density from 2 to 32 plants m?2. Maximum N (15.93–18.26 kg ha?1), P (15.10–16.46 kg ha?1) and K (16.34–17.81 kg ha?1) uptake by alligator weed was recorded at its density of 32 plants m?2. More micronutrient loss to the tune of 6.53, 47.92, 19.99, and 38.42 mg kg?1 for Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn, respectively was observed at the same density. Increasing density of alligator weed caused more losses in paddy yield (up to 21.37–23.78%), amylose and rice grain protein contents. According to a nonlinear hyperbolic regression model, maximum paddy yield loss of rice at asymptotic value of alligator weed density was 38.8% during 2011 and 42.4% during 2012. Economic threshold value of alligator weed was estimated 1.5 and 1.3 plants per m2 during 2011 and 2012, respectively.  相似文献   

15.
化学强化可提高超富集植物对土壤重金属的提取效果。采用盆栽试验,研究了可生物降解螯合剂谷氨酸N,N-二乙酸(GLDA)、液体肥的不同用量及复配使用对超富集植物东南景天吸收土壤重金属Cd、Zn的影响,并探讨了其渗滤液对环境的风险。结果表明:单一使用GLDA或者液体肥均能提高东南景天对土壤Cd、Zn的提取效率,其中1.25 mmol/kg GLDA处理的Cd、Zn提取量分别是空白处理的1.36,1.46倍,0.5 g/kg液体肥处理的Cd、Zn提取量分别是空白处理的1.40,1.43倍,这2种低用量单独使用的处理对Cd提取效率最高,达到41%～42%,且对应的渗滤液重金属含量均比空白处理要低,其环境风险较小。GLDA与较高用量(2 g/kg土)液体肥复配时,其东南景天对土壤Cd、Zn的提取量与空白处理相比有所下降。结果表明,GLDA和液体肥在强化植物修复方面有明显潜力,而且以低剂量单独使用强化效果较佳,值得进一步的田间试验核实。  相似文献   

16.
An experiment was conducted to assess the zinc (Zn) availability to wheat in alkaline soils during Rabi 2009–2010. Wheat seedlings in pots having 2 kg alkaline sandy soil per pot were treated with 5, 10 and 15 kg Zn ha?1 as soil and with 0.5 and 1.0% zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) as foliar application. Results showed that Zn increasing levels in soil helped in phosphorus uptake up to boot stage but its conversion to grain portion lacked in Zn treated plants. Potassium (K) uptake also increased up to 6.24% in boot stage with treatment of 10 kg Zn ha?1 + 1.0% ZnSO4 foliar spray. Zinc (Zn) concentration increased in plant tissues with the increasing level of Zn application but this disturbed the phosphorus (P)-Zn interaction and, thus, both of the nutrients were found in lesser quantities in grains compared to the control. Despite of the apparent sufficient Zn level in soil (1.95 mg kg?1), improvement in growth and yield parameters with Zn application indicate that the soil was Zn deplete in terms of plant available Zn. The above findings suggest that the figure Zn sufficiency in alkaline soil (1.0 mg kg?1) should be revised in accordance to the nature and type of soils. Furthermore, foliar application of Zn up to 1.0% progressively increased yield but not significantly; and it was recommended that higher concentrations might be used to confirm foliar application of Zn as a successful strategy for increasing plant zinc levels.  相似文献   

17.
Yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus L.), which is grown as a grain legume in rotation with spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on acidic, sandy soils of south-western Australia, accumulates cadmium (Cd) in grain. Application of fertilizer is required to combat zinc (Zn) and phosphorus (P) deficiency for yellow lupin production on these soils, which may affect Cd concentration in grain. In the same field experiment conducted at two sites on acidified sand over clay duplex soils, five Zn levels (0, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, 6.4 kg Zn ha-1), as Zn oxide, and three P levels (0, 10, and 20 kg P ha-1), as triple superphosphate, were applied. At both sites, applying increasing Zn levels decreased Cd concentration in grain, whereas applying increasing P levels increased Cd concentration in grain. The ZnxP interaction was not significant for either grain yield or Cd concentration in grain. At the 8–10 leaf stage, Zn and P concentration was measured in whole shoots (WS), and Zn concentration was also measured in the youngest mature growth (YMG). The concentrations of the elements that were related to 90% of the maximum grain yield (critical prognostic plant test Zn and P) was i) for WS, 29 mg kg-1for Zn and 3.5 g kg-1for P; and ii) for YMG, was 23 mg kg-1for Zn.  相似文献   

18.
刈割对六种牧草吸收重金属和修复污染土壤潜力的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
The pollution of soils by heavy metals has dramatically increased in recent decades. Phytoextraction is a technology that extracts elements from polluted soils using hyperaccumulator plants. The selection of appropriate plant materials is an important factor for successful phytoextraction in field. A field study was conducted to compare the efficiency of six high-biomass forage species in their phytoextraction of heavy metals (Cd, Pb and Zn) from contaminated soil under two harvesting strategies (double harvesting or single harvesting). Among the tested plants, amaranth accumulated the greatest amounts of Cd and Zn, whereas Rumex K-1 had the highest amount of Pb in the shoot under both double and single harvesting. Furthermore, double harvesting significantly increased the shoot biomass of amaranth, sweet sorghum and sudangrass and resulted in higher heavy metal contents in the shoot. Under double harvesting, the total amounts of extracted Cd, Pb and Zn (i.e., in the first plus second crops) for amaranth were 945, 2 650 and 12 400 g ha-1, respectively, the highest recorded among the six plant species. These results indicate that amaranth has great potential for the phytoextraction of Cd from contaminated soils. In addition, the double harvesting method is likely to increase phytoextraction efficiency in practice.  相似文献   

19.
ABSTRACT

The study demonstrated S. alfredii is an excellent cadmium (Cd)/zinc (Zn) hyperaccumulator as Cd and Zn concentrations in leaves reached 2,183 and 13,799 mg kg?1 DW, respectively. There was a significant increase in root morphological parameters induced by 50 and 500 μM Zn supplement; however, a sharp decrease in these parameters occurred when treated with 100 μM Cd +1000 μM Zn. The inhibited root dehydrogenase activity in 100 μM Cd treated plants was restored to control levels when supplemented with 500 μM Zn. Moderate Zn supplement did not produce significant changes in (malondialdehyde) MDA concentrations as compared with those treated with Cd alone. Variations of the antioxidative enzymes proved an ineffective role in coping with metal-stress in S. alfredii. Combined Cd and Zn treatment significantly enhanced ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) contents in leaves of S. alfredii, as compared with those treated with Cd alone. Thus, Zn may rely on the involvement of GSH in detoxification and tolerance.  相似文献   

20.
Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate whether an insoluble polyacrylate polymer could be used to remediate a sandy soil contaminated with cadmium (Cd) (30 and 60 mg Cd kg?1 of soil), nickel (Ni) (50 and 100 mg Ni kg?1 of soil), zinc (Zn) (250 and 400 mg Zn kg?1 of soil), or the three elements together (30 mg Cd, 50 mg Ni, and 250 mg Zn kg?1 of soil). Growth of perennial ryegrass was stimulated in the polymer‐amended soil contaminated with the greatest amounts of Ni or Zn, and when the three metals were present, compared with the unamended soil with the same levels of contamination. Shoots of plants cultivated in the amended soil had concentrations of the metals that were 24–67% of those in plants from the unamended contaminated soil. After ryegrass had been growing for 87 days, the amounts of water‐extractable metals present in the amended soil varied from 8 to 53% of those in the unamended soil. The results are consistent with soil remediation being achieved through removal of the metals from soil solution.  相似文献   

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