共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 400 毫秒
1.
探明铬(Cr)的氧化还原作用机制对于深入认识其污染过程特征进而制订科学的防控措施有重要意义。本研究采用从山西大同风化煤、河南巩县褐煤和云南昆明滇池底泥中提取的腐殖酸(分别记为HAs、HAh、HAk),通过分别添加,以及共同添加葡萄糖和不同制备来源或不同浓度的腐殖酸,并接种水稻土悬液,研究了溶液培养条件下腐殖酸对Cr(Ⅵ)的微生物还原过程的影响。结果表明:在有充足碳源存在条件下腐殖酸能够发挥其电子传递作用促进Cr(Ⅵ)的微生物还原过程。腐殖酸促进Cr(Ⅵ)还原的作用随其添加浓度的升高而增强,腐殖酸浓度为0.02 g/L时其促进作用较微弱,而2.00 g/L时培养期间Cr(Ⅵ)的还原率达到95%以上。腐殖酸的结构组成差异对其作用于Cr(Ⅵ)的微生物还原过程有重要的影响,腐殖化程度相对较高的HAk和HAs对Cr(Ⅵ)的微生物还原的促进作用明显,HAk更因含有一定量的多糖或类多糖物质而加快了Cr(Ⅵ)微生物还原过程的发生时间,而HAh则对Cr(Ⅵ)的微生物还原的影响较小。 相似文献
2.
选用沈阳市东陵区天柱山耕作棕壤,采用室内培养试验研究了不同来源腐殖酸对土壤生化反应强度的影响情况。研究表明:风化煤腐殖酸对土壤硝化作用强度的影响最强;三种腐殖酸对氨化作用的影响均较小,但以褐煤腐殖酸略为突出。三种腐殖酸均能够显著增强土壤有机磷的转化作用强度,以风化煤腐殖酸的影响最大;三种腐殖酸对无机磷转化强度的影响较为微弱,各处理间差异不显著。 相似文献
3.
不同来源腐殖酸对铜吸附量和吸附机制的研究 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：16
本研究从三种供试材料:草炭、褐煤和风化煤中提取腐殖酸,采用NH4OAc和EDTA两种解吸剂,研究三种来源腐殖酸对Cu2+的吸附能力和吸附机制。研究结果表明:三种来源腐殖酸对Cu2+的吸附在吸附量上没有明显差异,但吸附机制却并不完全相同。三种来源腐殖酸对Cu2+的吸附均主要通过离子交换和络合(或螯合)作用,其中,草炭和褐煤提取的腐殖酸的离子交换作用显著大于风化煤提取的腐殖酸,而风化煤提取的腐殖酸的络合(或螯合)作用则明显大于草炭和褐煤提取的腐殖酸。 相似文献
4.
土壤腐殖酸对毒死蜱水解的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
土壤腐殖酸的VIS-UV光谱特征和E465/E665的测定结果表明,各种土壤腐殖酸的VIS-UV吸收曲线相似,但吸收峰强度和E465/E665差异较大,进而推得它们的腐殖化程度排序为:紫色潮土腐殖酸>中性紫色土腐殖酸>酸性紫色土腐殖酸>腐殖土腐殖酸,说明它们在组成上有共同的本性,但结构和性质差异较大。在此基础上,研究它们对毒死蜱水解的影响。结果表明,不同来源土壤腐殖酸均促进了毒死蜱的水解,但它们的影响程度有明显的差异。对于腐殖化程度最低的腐殖土腐殖酸,浓度为120mg L-1时,对毒死蜱水解的促进作用最大,而随着腐殖酸浓度的增大,促进作用却越来越弱;而对于其它三种样品,腐殖酸溶液对毒死蜱水解的促进作用随着腐殖酸浓度增大而加强,其中以腐殖化程度较低的酸性紫色土的促进作用较为明显。可见,毒死蜱的水解速率与土壤腐殖酸的浓度和腐殖化程度有关。其中,腐殖酸腐殖化程度的影响机理主要与腐殖酸的酸性和腐殖酸的吸附—催化作用有关,其具体作用机理有待于进一步从定性和定量方面去研究,以更好地指导毒死蜱农药的合理施用和污染土壤的修复。 相似文献
5.
膨润土、褐煤及其混合添加对铅、镉复合污染土壤重金属形态的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《土壤通报》2020,(1):201-206
为研究膨润土与褐煤对铅镉复合污染土壤重金属形态变化的影响,以河南济源某铅冶炼企业周边重金属污染土壤为研究材料,将膨润土(S)、褐煤(P)按1.5%、3.0%、5.0%单独添加和两者混合添加,进行60天的室内培养后,用BCR连续提取法,研究了添加不同含量的膨润土和褐煤对重金属污染土壤中Pb、Cd形态的影响。结果表明,单一添加褐煤能显著降低土壤中Pb、Cd的有效态含量,褐煤添加量5.0%时土壤中铅和镉弱酸提取态含量分别降低了42.60%和25.20%。单一添加膨润土能显著降低土壤中Pb的有效态含量,而对Cd的有效态含量影响不明显。膨润土5.0%和褐煤(1.5%、3.0%、5.0%)混合处理土壤中铅的弱酸提取态含量降幅达44.50%～46.00%,铅的残渣态含量增幅达30.90%～66.80%。褐煤5.0%和膨润土(1.5%、3.0%、5.0%)的混合添加使土壤中镉的弱酸提取态含量降低、降幅达21.70%～26.00%,镉的残渣态含量增幅达81.60%～110.9%。褐煤单一施用对复合污染土壤中Pb、Cd的钝化效果整体优于膨润土,两者配施的修复效果优于其中一种单一施用的效果,且因配施比例而异。 相似文献
6.
淹水还原条件下红壤中葡萄糖及腐殖酸对铁锰形态的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过设置不同的葡萄糖/腐殖酸配比模拟还原性土壤体系,考察长期(约74 d)淹水培养过程中铁锰元素在土壤溶液/矿物相中的分布形态演变。结果表明:在淹水培养初期,葡萄糖的添加可以促进铁锰离子的还原溶出,同时土壤中可交换态和酸可提取态铁、以及可交换态锰的含量也会随之增加;而腐殖酸的添加则会促进土壤中可氧化态铁/锰含量的升高。随着培养时间的增加,铁锰离子浓度及各个土壤提取形态的铁锰含量大多呈现降低趋势,铁锰元素逐渐转化成提取性更低的矿物形态。因此,淹水环境中铁锰还原溶出-分布形态演变受到土壤中有机物质种类和含量的显著影响,呈现出不同的金属移动性和生物有效性。 相似文献
7.
腐殖酸肥料对杨树生长及土壤性质的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用活化后褐煤腐殖酸为吸附基质制成缓效肥料(NHA),研究了其对盆栽杨树生长、土壤酶及理化性质的影响.结果表明:施肥对杨树生长具有明显的促进作用,腐殖酸(HA)的施用对杨树根系促进作用明显,同常规施BE(UREA)及腐殖酸混合肥料(HAUM)相比,NHA显著增加了杨树的茎重及树高,氮肥利用率显著提高,达到了53.8%;HA的施用提高了土壤中蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶、多酚氧化酶的活性,降低了土壤脲酶活性,对过氧化氢酶活性影响不大;同UREA处理相比,HAUM处理及NHA处理不同程度地增加了土壤有机质、速效磷及饱和持水量,而速效钾、可溶性盐分、pH有所降低,同HAUM处理相比,NHA处理土壤中的速效氮和阳离子代换量有所增加. 相似文献
8.
不同土壤腐殖酸对辛硫磷水解的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
各种试验土壤腐殖酸的紫外吸收曲线相似,但吸收峰强度和E 465/E 665值差异较大,腐殖酸的腐殖化程度由大至小排序为：紫色潮土HA〉黄壤HA〉中性紫色土HA〉酸性紫色土HA,说明它们组成相似,结构和性质有差异。在此基础上,研究它们对辛硫磷水解的影响。结果表明,不同来源土壤腐殖酸均阻碍辛硫磷的水解,但它们的影响程度有明显的差异。腐殖酸溶液浓度越大,辛硫磷水解速率越慢,相同腐殖酸浓度下以腐殖化程度较高的紫色潮土的作用最大。初步说明辛硫磷的水解速率与土壤腐殖酸的浓度和腐殖化程度有关。 相似文献
9.
土传病害的绿色防控是当前农业、生态和环境领域中为建立资源节约型、环境友好型病虫害可持续治理技术体系的重要组成部分。将来自藓类泥炭和风化煤的腐殖酸添加至两个花生种植年限的土壤中（1年和6年）,进行室内恒温培养。对土壤真菌进行内部转录间隔区（internal transcribed spacer,ITS）测序,运用非参数多因素方差分析（PerMANOVA）、相关性分析等方法阐释腐殖酸对土壤真菌群落的影响。结果表明：腐殖酸的添加显著影响了培养94 d以后的土壤真菌群落结构,而添加量对4个培养时间点的土壤真菌群落结构均可产生显著影响;同时腐殖酸显著改变了部分真菌属的相对丰度。腐殖酸对土壤真菌功能的影响,主要表现为显著改变了土壤中真菌功能营养型的组成。其中,随着腐殖酸添加量的增加,土壤植物病原菌的相对丰度均显著降低;相关性分析表明腐殖酸添加量与致病菌镰刀属（Fusarium spp.） 和丝核菌属（Rhizoctonia spp.）的相对丰度呈显著负相关,而与拮抗菌青霉属（Penicillium spp.）的相对丰度呈显著正相关。本研究表明,特定腐殖酸在适当添加量下可显著改变花生地的土壤真菌群落结构和功能营养型组成,尤其是降低了土壤中植物病原菌的相对丰度,但影响程度因花生种植年限的长短而异。本研究结果为腐殖酸生态功能应用拓展提供了理论依据,为土传病害绿色防控技术的研发提供新的视角。 相似文献
10.
通过温室盆栽试验和土壤培养试验,研究镉污染土壤和模拟镉污染土壤中加入草炭、活性碳和风化煤3种物料对土壤镉赋存形态和生物有效性的影响,探讨其作为重金属镉污染土壤修复剂的可行性。研究结果表明：3种有机碳物料均降低了土壤pH值,镉污染土壤加入不同惰性有机碳修复剂后,土壤中醋酸铵提取态Cd含量和DTPA提取态Cd含量变化不明显。在模拟Cd污染土壤上则不同,加入不同惰性有机碳修复剂后土壤中醋酸铵提取态Cd含量和DTPA提取态Cd含量均明显降低,降低幅度以风化煤最高,且随加入时间延长降低幅度增加。土壤中加入风化煤和草炭可显著增加土壤中轻组有机质含量,风化煤对土壤中镉有较强富集作用。两种土壤镉赋存形态均为酸提取态〉可还原态〉可氧化态,镉污染土壤加入有机物料后酸提取态镉含量无显著性变化,可还原态镉草炭和活性碳处理显著降低,草炭处理可氧化态镉也显著降低,模拟镉污染土壤加入有机物料后,酸提取态镉风化煤处理显著性降低,可还原态镉活性碳处理显著提高,可氧化态镉无显著性变化。在镉污染土壤上,3种有机碳物料对玉米生长没有显著影响,但增加了玉米体内镉含量;风化煤处理显著降低了白菜生物量,增加了白菜体内镉含量。模拟镉污染土壤上3种有机碳物料对白菜和玉米的生长和体内镉含量均没有显著影响。 相似文献
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12.
Three soil humic acids were degraded by a new mild chemical oxidation method using potassium persulfate at pH 2.0. The method degraded 30–40% of the starting material. The type and relative quantities of the products or fragments released as determined by GC/MS varied with the source of the polymers. Humic acid extracted from an Inceptisol yielded fatty, benzenecarboxylic and phenolic acids; humic acid from a Typic Chromoxerert produced largely dialkyl phthalates, and humic acid from an Humic Haplorthod gave only branched and straight-chain fatty acids. It is suggested that the method may be used to advantage as a first oxidant in a sequential degradation. 相似文献
13.
Alexander JokiĆ Radivoje Srejić Petar A. Pfendt Joanna Zakrzewska 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1995,84(1-2):159-173
Humic acids were extracted from the bottom sediment of the three lakes (Zlatari, Vasici and Vodozahvat) that together comprise Lake ?elije a regional drinking water reservoir. The humic acids were examined by high resolution 13C and 1H solution NMR and 13C CPMAS. The aromaticity expressed as the number of benzene rings per 1000 g of humic acid is 1.8 for Zlatari, 2.3 for Vasici and 1.9 for Vodozahvat. Oxygen-substituted aromatic carbon structures in humic acids from the first two lakes (Zlatari and Vasici) are similar and resemble p-coumaryl units in lignin while those in Lake Vodozahvat more closely resemble coniferyl or sinapyl units in lignin. The aromatic rings of all three humic acids are highly substituted. Humic acids from the first two lakes have very similar carbohydrate carbon contents (19.9 and 19.5% respectively) compared to 23.3% for Vodozahvat humic acid. Zlatari and Vodozahvat humic acids have a higher alkyl chain content which indicates a greater potential for forming hydrophobic cavities. The carboxyl and aromatic OH group content of each humic acid influences their capacity for forming complexes with metal ions. 相似文献
14.
U. Müller-Wegener 《Geoderma》1977,19(3):227-235
Humic acids were extracted from ten sources, ranging from a Podzol to brown coal, for the experiments with three herbicides. Prior to the addition of one of the herbicides, the humic acids were placed in a finely divided and suspended state so as to approximate conditions in a soil. The IR-spectra after such additions indicated that s-triazines, ametryne, atrazine and prometryne, are bound to humic acids by electron-donor—acceptor complexes. Moreover, the amounts of herbicides bound to humic acids are inversely proportional to the amounts of phenolic hydroxyls. 相似文献
15.
To assess the effect of continuous organic material (OM) application on soil humic acids, the amount and chemical characteristics of humic acids in various types of soils (n = 10) were compared between plots treated with farmyard manure (FYM) or rice straw compost (RSC) plus chemical fertilizer (CF) and plots treated with CF alone. The degree of humification (degree of darkening), molecular size distribution and 13C cross polarization/magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of humic acids from CF‐treated soils showed wide variation among the soils. Humic acid content was generally larger in OM + CF soils than in corresponding CF soils, and the stable C isotopic ratio suggested partial replacement of indigenous humic acids with OM‐derived ones even where no apparent increase in humic acid content was observed. The rate of OM application and the indigenous humic acid content were related positively and negatively, respectively, to the apparent accumulation rate of humic acids among soils. The degree of humification of humic acids was generally smaller in OM + CF soils than in CF soils. Humic acids extracted from FYM and RSC exhibited chemical characteristics typical of humic acids having a smaller degree of humification, which suggested the contribution of OM‐derived humic acids to the differences between OM + CF and CF soil humic acids, such as larger average molecular sizes and smaller and larger proportions of aromatic C and O‐alkyl C, respectively, relative to total C in the OM + CF soil humic acids. Little change was observed in the chemical characteristics of humic acids when the degree of humification of indigenous humic acids was small. The effect of OM application on the chemical characteristics of humic acids was most conspicuous in soils containing humic acids having an intermediate degree of humification, possibly resulting from the combination of accelerated degradation of indigenous humic acids and the accumulation of OM‐derived humic acids. 相似文献
16.
Kyoichi Kumada 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(1):29-30
For the purpose of explaining the forming process of soil humic acids, the author determined the absorption spectra of various humic acids. From soils and peats which were pretreated with 5% HCl at 70°C for 30 minutes or from those which were not, humic acids were extracted by treating with 0.5% NaOH at boiling temperature for 30 minutes. In these humic acids, the one which is extracted after acid pretreatment is provisionally designated as SrL humic acid and the other as L humic acid. The supernatant alkaline solutions obtained by centrifuging the above mentioned extracts were acidified with hydrochloric acid, and precipitated humic acids were filtered and washed with water until Cl' free. Humic acids were dissolved in 0.1% NaOH and ultrafiltered using collodion membrane. The filtrates were acidified with hydrochloric acid and humic acids were collected by centrifuging, transferred on the filter paper, washed with dilute hydrochloric acid and water successively, then air-dried and pulverized. 相似文献
17.
熔融造粒腐植酸尿素的缓释性能研究 总被引：10，自引：5，他引：5
运用碱处理风化煤得到水溶性腐植酸和沉淀混合物以及未处理的风化煤细粉（80目）分别与熔融尿素混合造粒,制得3种类型的腐植酸尿素产品,利用土柱淋洗方法研究不同腐植酸尿素产品的缓释性能。结果表明,除添加10%的未处理风化煤处理外,其余腐植酸尿素产品与普通尿素相比,均表现出具有氮缓释性能。其中,以添加水溶性腐植酸的产品缓释性最强;且当水溶性腐植酸与尿素比例为3∶7时,肥料的缓释效率最高。在本试验条件下,风化煤类腐植酸熔融造粒工艺下制成腐植酸复合尿素的缓释性能,与添加腐植酸的数量呈正相关;水溶性腐植酸添加比例与腐植酸复合尿素缓释性能相关性较低。3种类型的腐植酸复合尿素,以添加水溶性腐植酸的肥料质量最稳定。对风化煤进行活化后提取水溶性腐植酸,适量添加到熔融尿素中进行造粒,可生产出具有较好缓释性能的腐植酸尿素产品。 相似文献
18.
Purpose
This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of chemical-enhanced soil washing (with chelating agents, humic substances and inorganic acids) and soil stabilisation by inorganic industrial by-products (coal fly ash, acid mine drainage sludge and zero-valent iron) and organic resource (lignite) for timber treatment site remediation.Materials and methods
Both remediation options were assessed in terms of extraction/leaching kinetics and residual leachability (toxicity characteristic leaching procedure, TCLP) of the major risk drivers, i.e. Cu and As.Results and discussion
In chemical-enhanced soil washing, chelating agents only minimised the Cu leachability. Humic substances were ineffective while inorganic acids reduced the As leachability to the detriment of the soil quality. For the waste-stabilised soil, the short-term leaching potential (72 h) and long-term TCLP leachability (9 months) revealed that Fe-/Al-/Ca-rich AMD sludge and coal fly ash sequestered As through adsorption and (co-)precipitation, while carbonaceous lignite stabilised Cu with oxygen-containing functional groups. The short-term and long-term leaching of Cu and As into the soil solution was negligible in the presence of the waste materials. However, the waste-stabilised soil did not maintain sufficient Cu stability in the TCLP tests, in which acetate buffer induced significant mineral dissolution of the waste materials.Conclusions
These results suggest that chelant-enhanced washing (significant reduction of Cu leachability) may be augmented with subsequent stabilisation with inorganic waste materials (effective control of As leachability), thus minimising the environmental risks of both Cu (heavy metal) and As (metalloid) while preserving the reuse value of the soil. Additional tests under field-relevant conditions are required to provide a holistic performance evaluation. 相似文献19.
Humic substances contain significant quantities of free radicals which have important functions in many biological processes in soil involving electron transfer. Such radicals may be detected by electron spin resonance spectroscopy in both solid and solution state and are usually reported as giving a single unstructured peak. Humic acids from a range of soil types varying in parent material and pH have been examined by electron spin resonance spectroscopy of their solutions in 0.1 m KOH. Spectra with an effective g-value typical of an organic free radical were obtained. Observation of hyperfine structure was highly dependent on the instrument settings used. It was present at a modulation amplitude of 0.0142 mT, but not at 0.101 mT. Similarly, there was a reduction in resolution as microwave power was increased from 0.505–20 mW. This may explain the inability of some investigators to observe structure in soil humic acids. Resolution of hyperfine features was greatly enhanced by recording spectra in the second derivative mode. Using appropriate instrument settings all the humic acids showed hyperfine structure, although the intensity of these components varied by a factor of 100, being much greater in humic acid from highly acidic soils. 相似文献