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1.
In an attempt to develop better methods for consistent induction of pneumonia in naturally born swine, using cultures of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, fifty 6-week-old, naturally born pigs from a respiratory disease-free herd were used in 3 trials. Pigs inoculated with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae strain 232 (passage 21) grown for 1 passage or 5 passages in Eagle minimal essential medium plus 20% porcine serum, with or without human lung fibroblasts, had a mean (+/- SD) value range between 5.4 +/- 3.6 and 9.2 +/- 2.1% of consolidated lung area. In the second trial, pigs inoculated 1, 2, or 3 days in succession with strain 232 grown in Eagle medium or Friis mycoplasmal medium with 20% porcine serum had between 5.1 +/- 7 and 8.7 +/- 4.3% of consolidated lung area. In the third trial, virulence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae strains 144L (p27), 11 (p26), J (p60), and 232 (p27) grown in Friis mycoplasmal medium was compared. Pigs inoculated with those strains had 5.1 +/- 4.1, 2.6 +/- 3.1, 0, and 4.3 +/- 4% of consolidated lung area, respectively. Significant differences were not found in consolidated lung area among groups in trials 1 and 2, and among groups of pigs inoculated with M hyopneumoniae strains 144L, 11, and 232 in trial 3. Pneumonia was not detected in pigs inoculated with strain J in trial 3.  相似文献   

2.
Oral microencapsulated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccines were tested for their ability to prevent mycoplasmal pneumonia in pigs. Eighteen four-week-old specific pathogen free pigs were divided into six groups of three. Each pig of groups 1 to 4 was inoculated intramuscularly with formalin-inactivated M hyopneumoniae in adjuvant and boosted orally 14 days later with four different microencapsulated vaccine microspheres. Group 5 was used as a positive control. All 15 pigs of groups 1 to 5 were challenged at 28 days after the first vaccination by an intratracheal inoculation of pneumonic lung suspension. The three pigs of group 6 were used as a negative control. All four vaccinated groups showed some protection when challenged, but the protection was more solid in pigs boosted with vaccine D (group 4) which contained less porcine serum in the microsphere. The study indicates that oral vaccination with M hyopneumoniae could play a role in prevention and eradication of mycoplasmal pneumonia in the pig.  相似文献   

3.
以试管两倍稀释法测得二氟沙星对猪肺炎支原体（ Ｆ１６ 株）和兰氏 Ｃ 群类马链球菌（ Ｃ５５ １ ２０ ）的最小抑菌浓度分别是０１６ｍ ｇ／ Ｌ及 １６ｍ ｇ／ Ｌ。肌注给药对猪支原体性肺炎及链球菌病的实验性治疗结果表明,低、中、高剂量二氟沙星组（２５、５、１０ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ）及蒽诺沙星组（２５ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ）用药 ５ 天（每隔 １２ 小时给药一次）对猪支原体性肺炎的治愈率分别是 ８０％ 、９０％ 、１００％ 及９０％ ;而支原体感染对照组的自愈率为１０％ 。低、中、高剂量二氟沙星组及蒽诺沙星组（２５ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ）用药 ４ 天（每隔 １２ 小时给药一次）对猪链球菌病的治愈率分别是 ５０％ 、８０％ 、８０％ 及 ８０％ ,而链球菌感染对照组的死亡率为 ５０％ 。  相似文献   

4.
本文报道国内新近研制的畜禽专用氟喹诺酮类抗菌药物－二氟沙星对实验性感染猪链球菌病及支原体性肺炎的药效学研究。以试管两倍稀释法测得二氟沙星对兰氏C群类马链球菌（C55120）和猪肺炎支原体（F16株）的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）分别是1．6级及0．16mg/L。肌注给药对猪链球菌病和支原体性肺炎的实验性治疗结果表明，低、中、高剂量二氟沙星组（2．5、5、10mg/kg)及恩诺沙星组（2．5mg/kg)用药5d（每隔12h给药1次）对猪链球菌病的治愈分别是40％、70％、80％及70％，而链球菌感染对照组的死亡率为70％；低、中、高剂量二氟沙星组及恩诺沙星组（2．5mg/kg)用药5d（每隔12h给药1次）对猪支原体性肺炎的治愈率分别是80％、90％、90％及80％；而支原体感染对照组的自愈率为10％。  相似文献   

5.
Ten swine from each of five herds believed to be affected with mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine and ten swine from each of five herds believed to be mycoplasmal pneumonia-free were selected for postmortem study. Lungs from the 100 swine were examined; grossly and microscopically for lesions typical of mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine and culturally and by an indirect immunofluorescent procedure for the presence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Nineteen of the lungs had both gross and microscopic lesions typical of mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine and 13 (68%) of these were infected, i.e. were culturally and/or indirect immunofluorescent positive. Absence of gross lesions did not prove freedom from mycoplasmal pneumonia, 14 of 73 (19%) grossly normal lungs were found to be infected with M. hyopneumoniae. Comparison of the indirect immunofluorescent and cultural examination, as methods of diagnosing mycoplasma pneumonia, revealed that neither procedure alone was reliable in the case of negative results. Ten lungs were indirect immunofluorescent negative and culturally positive and seven were culturally negative and indirect immunofluorescent positive (11 lungs were positive by both procedures). It was concluded that a definitive diagnosis of mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine requires that M. hyopneumoniae be visualized in indirect immunofluorescent stained lung sections or that it be recovered culturally.  相似文献   

6.
This study evaluated the influence of concomitant infections with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae on growth performance, serum metabolite concentrations, and serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in growing pigs. Twenty-two barrows (10 weeks of age) were treated with either an intranasal administration of PRRSV and an intratracheal infusion of M. hyopneumoniae (treatment; n = 8) or a sham inoculation with medium (sham; n = 8), or were not treated (control; n = 6). The sham pigs were matched by body weight and pair-wise fed with treatment pigs. Pigs were weighed on the day of inoculation (day 0) and at 4 weeks postinoculation (day 28). Blood samples were collected prior to inoculation and at weekly intervals for 4 weeks. Pigs in the treatment group exhibited clinical signs consistent with PRRSV infection and M. hyopneumoniae pneumonia. Diagnostic procedures confirmed that treatment pigs were inoculated with PRRSV and M. hyopneumoniae and that sham and control pigs remained free of both pathogens. Average daily gain and feed conversion did not differ among the 3 groups. The IGF-I levels differed (P < 0.05) between control and treatment pigs, even after feed intake returned to similar levels among groups. At day 7, IGF-I concentrations were greater in sham pigs compared with treatment pigs, despite similar feed intake. Sham inoculation and decreased feed intake in sham pigs did not alter serum IGF-I concentrations. Evidently, IGF-I status of pigs affected with disease is influenced by nutritional and nonnutritional factors during the disease process.  相似文献   

7.
为了研究延胡索酸泰妙菌素对猪支原体肺炎的临床疗效,选用体重90 kg左右的2月龄健康杜洛克长白杂交猪,通过建立疾病模型和疗效评价指标判别延胡索酸泰妙菌素的治疗效果。结果表明,按1000 kg饲料添加100 g或200 g延胡索酸泰妙菌素,可以显著减轻感染猪的临床症状和病理变化,提高猪的增重,其效果优于磷酸泰乐菌素预混剂。  相似文献   

8.
The aim of this study was to establish whether enzootic pneumonia could be induced reliably in piglets by administering an aerosolised culture of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Groups of five M hyopneumoniaefree Landrace x Large White piglets weaned at 11 to 14 days of age were exposed to aerosols of in vitro cultures of a virulent strain of M hyopneumoniae. In three separate trials, 14 of 15 pigs exposed to the bacteria developed pneumonia, but pigs exposed to the culture medium alone did not develop the disease. Lung pathology, both gross and histological, indicated acute disease. Ten of the pigs were tested for seroconversion by Western blot and they were all positive. The growth rates of the infected pigs were significantly reduced and the water consumption of the infected groups was also depressed. M hyopneumoniae was recovered from eight of the 15 infected pigs.  相似文献   

9.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of an orally administered vaccine of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae that was prepared by spray drying or solvent evaporation. ANIMALS: Thirty 6-week-old, crossbred, specific-pathogen-free (SPF) pigs. PROCEDURE: Pigs were randomly allocated into 5 groups and housed in an SPF facility. Pigs in 2 groups (groups AQ and CAP) were fed M hyopneumoniae enteric-coated vaccine on days 0, 10, and 20. A third group (group IM) received an IM injection of M hyopneumoniae vaccine with aluminium hydroxide as an adjuvant on days 0, 10, and 20. The last 2 groups (non-vaccinated-challenged [NV-C] and nonchallenged [NC]) were fed a sham treatment. All 24 pigs in groups AQ, CAFP IM, and NV-C were challenge exposed with 5 ml of a 10% pneumonic lung suspension administered on day 40 via intubation of the trachea. All pigs were slaughtered and the lungs removed and examined for lesions on day 68. RESULTS: In vitro studies indicated that these 2 microencapsulation techniques formed an effective shell and protected mycoplasmal antigen from gastric acid. Results of inoculation and challenge tests indicated that microencapsulated M hyopneumoniae were sufficiently potent to induce an immune response and provide good protection. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Orally administered microencapsulated M hyopneumoniae vaccines induced an immune response and reduced the severity of lung lesions in challenge-exposed pigs. Results suggest that this novel method can be applied to other antigens, because the spray-drying process yielded an orally administered M hyopneumoniae vaccine that induced a good immune response.  相似文献   

10.
Fourteen caesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived pigs and seven conventional swine were exposed to low passage, cloned, field isolates of Mycoplasma flocculare. Sera were collected at varying intervals postexposure (PE) and tested against M. flocculare and M. hyopneumoniae antigens in a semi-automated ELISA. Swine were killed six to 17 weeks PE and their lungs examined grossly for lesions and culturally for mycoplasmas. Pure cultures of M. flocculare were recovered from the lungs of 11 of 14 swine killed six to 12 weeks PE. Mycoplasmas were not isolated from the swine killed 15 to 17 weeks PE. Only one pig had gross lesions of pneumonia. Immunoassays revealed that swine were slow to seroconvert and titers (expressed in terms of optical density) were low. Three of 21 swine had antibodies to M. flocculare five weeks PE, five of 17 had seroconverted at seven to eight weeks and all surviving swine had antibodies to M. flocculare 76 days PE and beyond. Net optical density of positive sera was in the range of 0.201 to 0.412 (an optical density of 0.2 regarded as the breakpoint between negative and positive reactions in our ELISA). All of the sera were ELISA-negative when tested against M. hyopneumoniae antigen. This is regarded as a very significant finding. There has been concern that field sera might contain antibodies to M. flocculare and that such antibodies could render serodiagnostic tests for mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine nonspecific. Results of the present study suggest that swine infected with M. flocculare do not develop sufficient levels of antibodies to interfere with enzyme immunoassays for M. hyopneumoniae.  相似文献   

11.
The 6-chloro analogue of norfloxacin (compound A) administered continuously in the feed at 400 ppm for 21 days markedly reduced the extent and activity of pneumonic lesions in pigs with pneumonia induced experimentally with an homogenate of pneumonic lung and broth cultures of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Norfloxacin at 100 ppm or compound A at 200 ppm in the feed did not reduce the extent of lung lesions, although half the pigs treated with norfloxacin had lesions which appeared histologically to be healing. M hyopneumoniae was detected either by culture or immunofluorescence in the lungs of 60 per cent of the pigs treated with compound A at 400 ppm compared with all the pigs in the other groups. These results were related to the amount of drug in the lungs and body fluids during therapy. Only compound A at 400 ppm produced concentrations in the lungs and bronchial secretions exceeding the minimum inhibitory concentration against M hyopneumoniae. Mycoplasmacidal concentrations were not reached either in the lungs or bronchial secretions which might account partly for the frequent detection of M hyopneumoniae in the lungs after treatment. Drug resistance did not appear to be responsible for the persistence of M hyopneumoniae in vivo since the M hyopneumoniae isolates from the pigs after therapy were sensitive in vitro to both quinolones. As daily weight gain and feed-conversion efficiency improved in all groups of treated pigs compared with the controls, these effects were probably unrelated to the antimycoplasmal activities of the two quinolones.  相似文献   

12.
The porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) is an increasingly important cause of decreased swine productivity and is characterized by slow growth, decreased feed efficiency, anorexia, cough, and dyspnea. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is among the most prevalent and important infectious agents associated with PRDC. Understanding of mycoplasmal pneumonia has been hindered by inadequate diagnostic methods. Many of the currently available tests are relatively insensitive or nonspecific when used in a diagnostic laboratory setting or are too costly or difficult for routine diagnostic use. Several polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays have been described, but they are not sensitive enough to detect the microorganisms in live pigs, from either nasal or tracheal swabs. A nested PCR using 2 species-specific sets of primers from the 16S ribosomal DNA gave positive results with as little as 80 microorganisms and did not cross-react with other mycoplasma species or with other microorganisms commonly found in the respiratory tract of pigs. This assay was better suited for detection of M. hyopneumoniae from nasal swabs than was conventional PCR. Nasal swab samples were taken at different time periods following experimental challenge of 10 susceptible pigs. Only 2 of the 55 swabs examined gave a positive result with conventional PCR, whereas 30 of the 55 swabs gave a positive result using the nested PCR. Twenty of 40 (50%) nasal swabs from pigs experiencing a respiratory disease outbreak where M. hyopneumoniae had been diagnosed also gave a positive result with the nested PCR. To confirm that the amplified product was specific, 4 nested PCR products were purified, sequences were determined and aligned, and they were confirmed to be from M. hyopneumoniae.  相似文献   

13.
In a field trial at a commercial piggery 22 pigs were vaccinated intraperitoneally, at 30 days and 60 days old, with formalin-killed Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae plus adjuvant. Two other groups of the same size, one receiving a ration containing antibiotics, were not vaccinated. The mean enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) ratio of the vaccinated group increased significantly (P less than 0.001) after 30 days, and continued to rise until day 156 of life. In the other two groups the ELISA ratio did not increase significantly until day 115. The vaccinated pigs in the 30-day period after the first vaccination grew significantly (P less than 0.01) more slowly than the controls but between days 60 and 144 they grew significantly faster (P less than 0.05) than the two other groups, thus compensating for their previous, relative loss. At slaughter (at 163 days old), the mean weight was similar in all groups. The mean score for pneumonia at slaughter for the vaccinated, medicated and control groups was 2.6 (+/- 4.3), 9.4 (+/- 14.0) and 10.5 (+/- 12.4), respectively. The proportion of M hyopneumoniae-affected lungs (4.8 per cent) in vaccinated pigs, as judged by immunofluorescence, was significantly less (P less than 0.001) than the control groups (40 per cent). Thus, intraperitoneal vaccination with killed M hyopneumoniae plus adjuvant might control mycoplasmal pneumonia in commercial piggeries.  相似文献   

14.
The efficacy of in-feed medication with tylosin for the treatment of enzootic pneumonia was examined in an experimental Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection model. One group of 10 conventional M. hyopneumoniae-free pigs was inoculated intratracheally with a highly virulent field isolate of M. hyopneumoniae; a second group of 10 pigs was inoculated in the same way and after 12 days was given tylosin at 100 mg/kg feed for 21 days; a third group of 10 pigs was inoculated with sterile culture medium, and these pigs were not given tylosin. The pigs were examined daily for clinical signs and each pig was given a respiratory disease score. Thirty-three days after they had been infected the pigs were euthanased, the lung lesions were quantified and samples of lung were processed for immunofluorescence testing for M. hyopneumoniae. The mean (sd) respiratory disease and lung lesion scores were significantly higher (P<0.05) in both the infected groups than in the uninfected group. Between 23 and 33 days after infection the mean respiratory disease score of the pigs treated with tylosin was 0.54 (0.22), significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of the infected pigs which were left untreated, 1.54 (0.46); similarly, their average lung lesion score, 1.72 (1.20), was significantly lower than that of the untreated pigs, 5.27 (3.85).  相似文献   

15.
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was evaluated for detection of antibodies (Ab) against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and M. flocculare in sera from swine experimentally infected with these agents. In addition, the ELISA was compared with the complement fixation test (CFT), and radial immunodiffusion enzyme assay (RIDEA) for the demonstration of Ab against M. hyopneumoniae. Twenty two 6-week-old swine from a respiratory disease-free herd were divided into five groups. Two or three pigs from each of the four groups were inoculated, respectively, with M. hyopneumoniae or with M. flocculare while two pigs in each group were contact exposed to the inoculated penmates. A fifth group, consisting of three pigs, served as inoculated controls. Pigs inoculated with M. hyopneumoniae began coughing 13 days post inoculation (PI). Antibodies were first detected 2 weeks PI with the CFT, 3 weeks PI with the ELISA, and 5 weeks PI with the RIDEA. With the ELISA and RIDEA, Ab were still detectable one year PI at a very low level. With the CFT, Ab were not detectable in sera from any swine beyond 5 months PI. At necropsy 1 year PI, no lesions were detected in lungs of any of the animals nor were mycoplasmas detected. M. flocculare inoculated or contact-exposed pigs never evidenced clinical signs. Antibodies against M. flocculare were first detected 5 to 12 weeks PI with CFT, and 6 to 12 weeks PI with the ELISA. Peak optical density (OD) values obtained in the ELISA with M. flocculare Ab were as high as the values obtained with peak M. hyopneumoniae Ab titers. Levels of Ab against M. flocculare were at relatively higher OD at 1 year PI than Ab against M. hyopneumoniae. Sera with high levels of Ab against M. flocculare cross-reacted slightly with M. hyopneumoniae antigen in immunoblotting and ELISA.  相似文献   

16.
An immunoblot procedure was used to evaluate porcine antibody response to inoculation with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Mycoplasmas solubilized with sodium dodecyl sulfate were used as antigens. Antibodies to 5 antigens, estimated to be of molecular weight (mol wt) 110,000, 64,000, 50,000, 41,000, and 36,000, were detected in sera collected during the course of induced mycoplasmal pneumonia. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae antigens, mol wt 110,000, 50,000, 41,000, and 36,000, cross-reacted with M flocculare when antigen prepared from M flocculare or hyperimmune serum against it were used in the immunoblot procedure. The 36,000-dalton (D) antigen reacted with M hyopneumoniae and M hyorhinis convalescent sera. The 64,000-D M hyopneumoniae antigen was the only antigen that did not cross-react with M flocculare or M hyorhinis. Exposure of immunoblot strips with antigens to trypsin before reacting them with the convalescent sera abolished binding ability of the 110,000-D and 36,000-D antigens, but had no effect on binding by 64,000-D, 50,000-D, or 41,000-D antigens. None of the 5 antigens bound to 11 lectins.  相似文献   

17.
The complement-fixation test (CFT), a latex-agglutination test (LAT), and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae isolation procedures were compared with gross and microscopic lung evaluations for the routine diagnosis of mycoplasmal pneumonia (MP) of swine. The difficulty and variability of M hyopneumoniae isolation rendered this technique unacceptable. In market-weight swine, the finding of typical gross lesions was correlated with CFT results (P less than 0.005). The MP status of a herd could not be determined by use of these techniques in 4- to 9-week-old pigs. No technique could be used alone to establish a diagnosis. Gross and microscopic examination of all slaughter specimens, CFT, and clinical evaluation of the herd, used in combination, were the most useful means of determining the MP status of the herd.  相似文献   

18.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate immune responses induced by administration of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae bacterin to pigs. Animals-60 healthy 7- to 10-day-old cross-bred boars. PROCEDURE: Pigs were assigned to 1 of 4 pig groups (15 pigs/group): vaccinated, challenged; vaccinated, nonchallenged; nonvaccinated, challenged; nonvaccinated, nonchallenged. Vaccinated pigs received IM injections of a mycoplasma bacterin on days 0 and 14, whereas nonvaccinated pigs received saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. Pigs in the challenged groups were inoculated intratracheally with M hyopneumoniae on day 42. Pigs were euthanatized and necropsied 41, 44, 48, and 70 days after the first vaccination, and proportion of lung surface with pneumonic lesions was determined. Percentage of lymphocyte subpopulations and number of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secreting lymphocytes in blood and tissues, cytokine and antibody concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and serum antibody concentrations were determined. RESULTS: Vaccination against and infection with M hyopneumoniae induced a local mucosal immune response in the respiratory tract of pigs. Proportion of lung surface with pneumonic lesions in vaccinated challenged pigs was reduced on day 70, compared with nonvaccinated challenged pigs. Vaccination stimulated the production of M hyopneumoniae-specific IFN-gamma secreting blood lymphocytes. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentration in BAL fluid on day 70 was increased in nonvaccinated challenged pigs, compared with vaccinated challenged pigs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Vaccination against M hyopneumoniae induced local, mucosal, humoral, and cellular immune responses. Moreover, vaccination reduced the severity of lung lesions in challenged pigs, suggesting that mucosal antibodies, mediation of the inflammatory response, and cell-mediated immune responses are important for control of mycoplasmal pneumonia in pigs.  相似文献   

19.
An attenuated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine that requires intrathoracic administration is commercially available for use against mycoplasmal pneumonia in China. Given the limitations of such a route of administration, this study was undertaken to assess the capacity of an ISCOM-matrix adjuvant to enhance immunogenicity following intramuscular use. Immune responses in pigs following vaccination and subsequent intra-tracheal bacterial inoculation were examined using lymphocyte proliferation, serology and mucosal IgA in both nasal and saliva swabs.Vaccination induced clear lymphocyte proliferation, but only slight serum antibody responses although these were significantly increased following experimental infection. Mucosal IgA was not detected in either nasal or salivary secretions. Following bacterial challenge, animals vaccinated with the adjuvant-containing live vaccine exhibited less severe pulmonary lesions (median score 3.67) than unvaccinated pigs (median score 13.58). The degree of ciliary loss on the respiratory tract surface was reduced in vaccinated pigs compared with experimentally infected controls. The findings indicated that the adjuvant vaccine administered IM provided protection against experimentally induced mycoplasmal pneumonia and could have commercial potential.  相似文献   

20.
The in vitro activities of 12 quinolones and four antibiotics were determined against 15 veterinary mycoplasmal species and four species of bacteria commonly involved in respiratory infections in pigs. The newer quinolones were markedly more active in vitro against a wide range of mycoplasmas than nalidixic acid and the earlier quinolones. Against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae ciprofloxacin was the most active quinolone with a geometric mean minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against 16 strains of 0.01 microgram ml-1 compared with 0.04 microgram ml-1 for tiamulin, 0.06 microgram ml-1 for tylosin, 0.17 microgram ml-1 for oxytetracycline and 0.23 microgram ml-1 for gentamicin. M hyosynoviae was less sensitive to the quinolones with mean MICs of 0.6 microgram ml-1 for ofloxacin and 0.7 microgram ml-1 for ciprofloxacin compared with 0.034 microgram ml-1, or less, for tiamulin. Norfloxacin and its 6-chloro analogue were both mycoplasmacidal in vitro at five or 10 times their MICs against M hyopneumoniae UCD4. Tiamulin was mycoplasmastatic. The quinolones were also active against porcine Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida strains and Haemophilus species. Ciprofloxacin was the most active quinolone with mean MICs of 0.58 microgram ml-1 against B bronchiseptica (nine strains), 0.026 microgram ml-1 against P multocida (five strains) and 0.01 microgram ml-1, or less, against Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae (nine strains) and H parasuis (two strains) compared with mean MICs of from 0.5 microgram ml-1 to 64 micrograms ml-1, or more, for the antibiotics. This combination of excellent mycoplasmacidal activity against M hyopneumoniae and good antibacterial activity, suggests that the quinolones have great potential for treating respiratory infections in pigs, including enzootic pneumonia.  相似文献   

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