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1.
高异黄酮大豆突变体的筛选及其特性初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大豆是异黄酮的主要来源,且是唯一在营养学上有意义的自然食物来源,为提高日常大豆异黄酮的摄入量,培育高异黄酮大豆植株,采用120 Gy60Co-γ射线对大豆品系ZN01干种子进行辐射诱变处理,筛选获得高异黄酮大豆突变株SHIS-01(5‰),并对其成分及特性进行初步研究。结果表明,除黄豆苷元外,突变体的黄豆苷、大豆苷、染料木苷、丙二酰黄豆苷、丙二酰染料木苷、丙二酰黄豆黄素苷、染料木苷元等组分含量均显著高于野生型。此外,除膳食纤维外,高异黄酮大豆突变体的营养成分与野生型基本相同。突变体的糊化特性和质构特性与野生型差异较大,可能由膳食纤维含量的变化引起。突变体SHIS-01稳定的高大豆异黄酮含量特性,为今后高异黄酮大豆的生物育种拓宽了思路,也为进一步研究大豆异黄酮的加工利用提供了良好的试验材料。 相似文献
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本文建立了大豆中大豆苷、大豆黄苷、染料木苷、大豆素、大豆黄素和染料木素6种大豆异黄酮的高效液相色谱同步测定方法.大豆样品经80％甲醇提取,用反相C18柱分离,紫外检测器检测.结果表明,6种异黄酮线性范围为0.096～4.8 μg/mL,相关系数大于0.999,在豆粕中的添加回收率在80％～120％,变异系数小于10％.利用建立的方法检测了国内400个不同品种大豆中的异黄酮含量,同时分析了发酵、膨化、浸提等不同加工工艺对大豆异黄酮含量的影响,这些数据的获得将为大豆品种的选育及不同加工工艺的大豆产品在畜禽饲料中的高效利用提供基本参数. 相似文献
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董慕新 《中国生态农业学报》1998,6(1):28-31
对我国不同地区9O个大豆样本9种元素含量分析结果表明, 同地区大豆元素含量有差异,某些元素含量变化具有一定的地理分布规律,黄淮海地区大豆Ca含量高,Zn和P含量由北向南递增,B含量北方高于南方。9种元素含量依次为K>P>Ca>Mg>Fe>Zn>Mn>B>Cu。大豆中Zn与P、Fe、Mg含量呈显著或极显著正相关,与K、Ca、B呈极显著负相关;Mg与Mn呈显著正相关;B与Ca呈极显著正相关,与Zn、P呈极显著负相关。 相似文献
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大豆蛋白粉的辐照灭菌研究 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
研究了60Coγ射线辐照大豆蛋白粉的杀菌效果与对大豆蛋白粉的主要营养成分、尿素酶(脲酶)活性以及感官品质的影响。结果表明,2.0kGy辐照对大豆蛋白粉中菌落总数、大肠菌群的杀菌率达70%,对霉菌的杀菌率达53%;4.0kGy辐照杀菌率达95%;经6.0kGy辐照处理后,杀菌率达到97%以上,辐照的大豆蛋白粉样品中微生物指标均达到食品卫生国家标准;8.0kGy辐照杀菌率达到100%。与对照相比,剂量为2.0~8.0kGy的辐照对大豆蛋白粉中蛋白质、粗纤维、总糖、氨基酸(除Leu)含量的影响不明显;而粗脂肪及卵磷脂的含量有极显著变化(P<0.01),尤其是卵磷脂的含量显著增加,异黄酮的含量则显著降低(P<0.05);辐照对大豆蛋白粉中尿素酶活性没有显著影响;6.0kGy以下剂量辐照对大豆蛋白粉色泽、气味、口感无明显改变。综合试验结果,确定了大豆蛋白粉辐照杀菌的适宜工艺剂量范围为3.0~5.0kGy。 相似文献
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为了评价大豆新品系的适应性、丰产性和抗旱性,2021年对20个大豆新品系在银川、张掖和庆阳3个生态区进行多点联合鉴定,分析其在不同环境下的生育期、产量、品质及抗旱性。结果表明,20个大豆新品系在庆阳试点均表现早熟,而在银川试点相对晚熟。折合产量在银川试点最高(4 284.69 kg/hm2),在庆阳试点最低(1 871.01 kg/hm2)。庆阳试点的蛋白质含量最高(405.0 g/kg),张掖试点的粗脂肪含量最高(208.3 g/kg)。其中,6个品系在成株期表现为极强或强抗旱性,加权抗旱系数与籽粒蛋白含量呈极显著正相关(γ=0.612 9,P=0.003 1),蛋白质含量与脂肪含量呈负相关。综合分析,陇豆655-2和陇豆609在不同生态区适应性和丰产性均好,但抗旱性较差,适合在灌区种植。 相似文献
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我国大豆主要矿质元素含量及其地区差异 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地我国不同地区９０个大样本９种元素含量分析结果表明偿同地区大豆元素含量有差异,某些元素含量变化具有一定的地理分布规律,黄淮海地区大豆Ｃａ含量高,Ｚｎ和Ｐ含量由北向南递增,Ｂ含量北方高于南方。９种元素含量依次为Ｋ〉Ｐ〉Ｃａ〉Ｍｇ〉Ｆｅ〉Ｚｎ〉Ｍｎ〉Ｂ〉Ｃｕ。大豆中Ｚｎ与Ｐ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｇ含量呈显著或极显著正相关,与Ｋ、Ｃａ、Ｂ呈极显著负相关;Ｍｇ与Ｍｎ呈显著正相关;Ｂ与Ｃａ呈极显著正相关,与Ｚｎ、Ｐ呈极 相似文献
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不同品种大豆加工豆浆的品质分析及评价模型 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
东北是中国大豆的主产区,也是传统豆制品的重要原料生产基地。为明确该产区大豆原料与其加工制得豆浆的品质、特点,该研究选取47个东北大豆品种为原料,分析其大豆粗脂肪、粗蛋白、钙、磷含量等理化指标,比较其加工豆浆的蛋白浓度、总固形物含量、感官评价、风味物质含量等品质差异。结果得到豆浆质量得率、动力粘度、总固形物、非豆腥味活性与豆腥味活性比值最高的品种分别是吉育102、吉92、吉育70、吉小8号、吉青3号。大豆籽粒理化指标分析结果显示,粗蛋白、粗脂肪、钙、磷含量最高的品种分别为垦丰17、GY07Y16、吉82、杂交豆3号。豆浆的豆腥味与脂肪氧化酶活性、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸含量呈显著正相关,脂肪含量与风味活性比呈负相关。利用因子分析法提取出4个因子方程,确定豆浆各项指标在综合品质中所占比重,进一步建立了豆浆品质评价模型,模型系数可以根据加工目的进行相应调整。综合得分最高的5个品种为吉45(9.52)、吉育70(9.43)、吉青1号(9.28)、吉育66(9.27)、吉育102(9.21)。结合对应的大豆理化指标排序发现,豆浆品质是大豆理化成分综合作用的结果,并非蛋白含量越高所得产品越好,脂肪含量高的品种并不适宜加工豆浆。该研究为用于加工豆浆的东北大豆品种分级提供了参考,实现了豆浆品质的综合判别及大豆加工基础数据的分析、整合。 相似文献
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山西省主要类型土壤镁素供应状况及镁肥施用效果 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用田间调查、土壤盆栽和大田试验相结合的方法,研究山西省主要类型土壤镁素供应状况及镁肥施用效果.结果表明,山西省主要类型土壤耕层(0-20 cm)交换性镁含量在78.1～641.8 mg/kg范围内.平均含量为255.1 mg/kg.不同类型土壤交换性镁含量高低依次为潮土>褐土>栗褐土>石灰性褐土>黄绵土>褐土性土.土壤交换性镁含量与土壤主要化学性质密切相关.生物消耗试验表明,褐土和石灰性褐土的镁生物有效性较高,其次是褐土性土和黄绵土,栗褐土和潮土的镁生物有效性最低.与不施镁肥相比,施镁大豆增产2.77%～9.04%,玉米增产2.98%～10.21%;大豆籽粒粗蛋白含量提高4.56%～7.52%,玉米籽粒粗蛋白、总淀粉和总糖含量分别提高9.96%～15.36%,2.41%～6.42%和8.52～12.50%.相关分析表明,大豆籽粒中镁含量与籽粒产量、粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量呈显著线性正相关;玉米籽粒中镁含量与籽粒产量呈显著线性正相关,与粗蛋白含量呈曲线关系,而与粗脂肪含量呈现显著线性负相关.研究表明,山西省主要类型土壤交换性镁含量处于较高水平,不同类型土壤交换性镁含量及生物有效性存在显著差异,籽粒中镁与籽粒蛋白质和脂肪含量密切相关,适量施用镁肥可提高农作物产量、改善营养品质. 相似文献
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通过盆栽和水培试验,采用小麦蚕豆间作、蚕豆单作、小麦单作3种种植方式,研究了不同生育期不同氮水平(低氮、常规氮和高氮)处理下,单、间作小麦和蚕豆根系大豆异黄酮分泌量的变化,为进一步探明间作增产和控病机制提供依据。结果表明,随作物生育期推移,小麦根系分泌大豆异黄酮数量明显减少,蚕豆根系大豆异黄酮的分泌量先增加后减少。随施氮量增加,小麦蚕豆根系大豆异黄酮分泌量均减少,且多达显著水平。与低氮处理相比,常规氮和高氮处理下,单、间作小麦大豆异黄酮分泌量分别显著减少,且多达显著水平。间作可以显著提高作物大豆异黄酮的分泌量,但间作优势仅在低氮和常规氮处理下明显,高氮处理下,单、间作小麦和蚕豆根系分泌大豆异黄酮数量差异不显著,并且这种间作效应会随生育期的推移逐渐消失。总之,间作种植和施氮量均影响作物根系大豆异黄酮分泌量,且低施氮量的影响更明显。 相似文献
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自 1991年长江上游水土保持重点防治区滑坡、泥石流预警系统运作以来 ,陇南陕南片成功预报和处理滑坡、泥石流险情 10 3处 ,保护人口 11 6 8万 ,避免经济和财产损失 11879 6 5万元 ,取得了良好的社会效益。主要做法及经验是 :依靠各级政府 ,健全预警网络 ;广泛深入宣传 ,增强防灾意识 ;健全管理制度 ,落实岗位职责 ;强化技术培训 ,提高业务技能 ;加强检查指导 ,现场解决问题 ;及时调查险情 ,做好技术服务 ;预防治理结合 ,注重减灾实效。 相似文献
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采集草海流域周边成熟期整株农作物及土壤样品,分析测试其中DDTs和HCHs的含量,对比研究了土壤和作物中DDTs和HCHs污染水平及其在作物中富集能力。结果表明：研究区域土壤中HCHs和DDTs残留检出率均为100％,残留范围分别为0．06～16．66μg·kg^-1和0．08-39．77μg·kg^-1,土壤中HCHs和DDTs的残留量均小于国家土壤环境质量一级标准;三种农作物中DDTs、HCHs及∑（DDTs,HCHs）残留量差异显著,HCHs含量最高的是玉米,DDTs和（DDTs,HCHs）最高的是马铃薯;三种农作物中HCHs和DDTs残留的风险系数均为1．1,属于低度风险,农作物中DDTs、HCHs及∑（DDTs,HCHs）的安全指数IFSc均小于1,DDTs和HCHs残留量对三种农作物安全影响的风险是可以接受的。 相似文献
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Mariola Staniak Jolanta Bojarszczuk Jerzy Księżak 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2018,68(3):255-263
Crop performance and yield are the results of genotypic expression as modulated by continuous interaction with the environment. Among environmental factors, water is globally one of the most limiting for crop production. Water resources in the world are steadily diminishing and in many areas, including Poland, more frequent periods of drought are being observed. The aim of the study was to compare the yields and gas exchange parameters of Festulolium hybrid (Festulolium braunii (K. Richt) A. Camus) and alfalfa (Medicago?×?varia T. Martyn) under different levels of soil moisture (well-watered conditions and drought stress) and cultivation method (pure stand and mixture). The study has shown that all the measured parameters were affected by drought stress. Net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and dry mass yield were significantly lower under drought stress than under well-watered conditions in all treatment types. Alfalfa grown in a pure sowing showed the strongest reaction to stress, while hybrid Festulolium grown in mixture showed the weakest. It was also found that under stress, grass assimilated CO2 and evaporated water much more intensively in mixture cultivation than in pure sowing. Higher water use efficiency (WUE) was observed in alfalfa and Festulolium growing in mixture only in the first year of the study. 相似文献
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Helena Azevedo Clara Gomes Glória Pinto Conceição Santos 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(12):2233-2241
Mechanisms preventing oxidative burst in cells exposed to high metal concentrations are crucial for cell survival. In this report, sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) was used as a model species to investigate: (a) how cadmium (Cd) affects plant defense pathways (in particular, those involved in preventing oxidative stress), and (b) whether antioxidative enzymes of plants and of in vitro cell culture (calluses) have similar responses to Cd exposure. For this experiment, plants (grown hydroponically on Long Ashton medium) and calluses (grown on Murashige and Skoog medium) were exposed for three weeks to different Cd concentrations (0, 5, 50, and 500 μ M). Solute and electrolyte leakage increased significantly with the increase in Cd concentration in the external medium and in exposed leaves, and less in exposed calluses. Cadmium exposure also reduced significantly soluble protein contents in both leaves and calluses. The activities of catalase and peroxidase decreased significantly in 50 and 500 μ M-exposed leaves compared with the control, but increased in 5 μ M-exposed calluses, decreasing in the calluses exposed 500 μ M Cd. The decrease in antioxidative enzymes activities is congruent with the decrease in membrane integrity and suggests that calluses develop antioxidant mechanisms that respond better to Cd stress than do leaves. On average, 100% of plants exposed for 21 d to 500 μ M and 95% of plants exposed for 45 d to 50 μ M Cd were dead. After 45 d, only 53% of 50 μ M-exposed calluses had died. These surviving calluses were maintained on 50 μ M for six months. Six-month-old exposed calluses had higher activities of peroxidase and catalase when compared with control calluses, as well as lower membrane degradation. These data show that calluses are more tolerant than plants to Cd exposure, and that antioxidant mechanisms under Cd exposure may differ between the two cell systems and vary with time. 相似文献
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Earthworm casts and adjacent uningested soil from 30 different locations were compared to determine the abundance and diversity of fungal species. The casts contained larger fungal populations (g-1 dry soil weight) and numbers of fungal species than the soil. Variations in these parameters between casts and soil were statistically significant (P=0.05). Fungal populations and the number of fungal species in casts and soil also varied significantly (P=0.05) between samples from different locations. A total of 27 fungal species were recorded from the casts and soil. Indices of dominance (0.084 casts; 0.14 soil) and general diversity (2.53 casts; 2.02 soil) demonstrated that the casts displayed more diverse fungal flora than the soil. The diversity of fungal species increased in earthworm casts after passing through the earthworm gut. 相似文献
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云南省各级党政领导重视和支持水土保持 ,积极出台有关法规、政策 ,为搞好水土保持工作提供了保障。治理中坚持高起点要求 ,有力地推动了水保产业化建设。适应市场经济要求 ,大力发展水土保持专业户、重点户 ,调动社会各方面力量参与水土流失治理开发。介绍了具体的做法、成效及今后做好水保工作的思路。 相似文献
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当前,肯尼亚和中国在生产足够粮食以保障粮食安全方面都面临着严峻的挑战。尤其是对于肯尼亚而言,因为其2100年预测的人口将达到2018年的1.4倍,且其粮食生产在过去并没有大幅度的改善。而中国近些年粮食生产能力显著提高。本文系统分析了肯尼亚和中国农业资源投入、种植业和畜牧业单产水平的历史变化,以及农业资源投入与产量之间的关系,为肯尼亚粮食危机和消灭贫困提供更多的理论支撑。研究结果表明,在20世纪60年代,肯尼亚耕地、草地和降水等自然资源人均占有量比中国高2~3倍,且人均食物能量和蛋白质供应显著高于中国。当前,肯尼亚人均资源拥有量仍高出中国约30%,但是其人均食品供应和粮食自给率却远低于中国平均水平。这是由于与肯尼亚相比,中国在种植业和畜牧业长期持续的投入,大幅度地增加了种植业和畜牧业能量或蛋白质单产水平。1961-2017年,中国和肯尼亚作物蛋白的平均单产分别增加282%和44%。中国的数据表明,种植业和畜牧业单产水平与肥料、精饲料、机械和农药的投入具有显著正相关性;农牧业生产结构对单产水平的变化影响也很大,如种植业中蔬菜和水果播种面积占比,畜牧业中单胃动物饲养占比等。总的来说,农业资源投入和农业结构对生产力的提高都有很大的影响,这可能是肯尼亚提高农业生产力的潜在选择。 相似文献
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Agerbirk N Petersen BL Olsen CE Halkier BA Nielsen JK 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2001,49(3):1502-1507
A novel indole glucosinolate, 1,4-dimethoxyglucobrassicin (1,4-dimethoxyindol-3-ylmethylglucosinolate), was isolated as the desulfo derivative from roots of the P-type of Barbarea vulgaris ssp. arcuata, and its structure was determined by spectroscopy including 2D NMR spectroscopy. 4-Hydroxyglucobrassicin (4-hydroxyindol-3-ylmethylglucosinolate) was isolated as the desulfo derivative from green siliques (fruits) of Arabidopsis thaliana and identified by comparison of its (1)H NMR spectrum with the spectrum of the known desulfoglucosinolate from Brassica napus. The delayed elution of desulfo indole glucosinolates from the DEAE Sephadex column used in sample preparation was examined, and the diode-array UV spectra of desulfo indole glucosinolates were measured, to ensure a reliable determination of 1,4-dimethoxyglucobrassicin and 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin with the existing analysis method based on the HPLC of desulfoglucosinolates. 1,4-Dimethoxyglucobrassicin was not detected in 10 other Arabidopsis, Brassica, and Barbarea species, indicating an evolutionarily recent mutation in the indole glucosinolate biosynthesis in B. vulgaris ssp. arcuata type P. 相似文献
20.
Gorinstein S Leontowicz H Leontowicz M Najman K Bielecki W Ham KS Kang SG Paredes-Lopez O Martinez-Ayala AL Trakhtenberg S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(13):7441-7451
The aim of this investigation was to compare the liver and aorta changes in rats fed cholesterol-containing diets and the possible improvement when diets would be supplemented with frequently used raw vegetables. The phenolic compounds of three vegetables in methanol-water (1:1) fraction were characterized using electrospray ionization mass spectra (ESI-MS). Results showed that the content of polyphenols, flavonoids, quercetin, flavanols, tannins, and ascorbic acid varied for garlic and white and red onions ranging from 6.68 to 18.08 mg GAE/g DW, 490.4-701.0 μg CE/g DW, 281.2-1100.0 μg, 32.40-41.30 μg CE/g DW, 2.88-3.12 mg CE/g DW, 1.87-2.33 mg AA/g DW, 1388.2-1442.3 μg CGE/g DW, respectively. The radical scavenging capacities (μM TE/g DW) for the same investigated vegetables for ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC, and DPPH assays ranged from 48.78 to 92.42, 9.41-28.56, 3.06-10.41, and 6.49-23.42, respectively. Good correlations were observed between the phenolic contents and the radical scavenging capacities of the vegetables. The interaction between BSA and quercetin, BSA and garlic and onions extracts was measured by 3-dimensional fluorescence (3D-FL) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The highest polyphenol content was found in methanol/water fraction of onions and garlic; therefore, for the investigation of in vitro interactions with BSA only polyphenols of this fraction were used. For in vivo studies, 30 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups each of 6 and named Control, Chol, Chol/Garlic, Chol/OnionRed, and Chol/OnionWhite. During 6 weeks, the rats of all 5 groups were fed a basal diet (BD). The rats of the Control group were fed the BD only. The BD of the Chol group was supplemented with 10 g/kg of nonoxidized cholesterol (NOC). Each of the other three groups was supplemented with 10 g/kg of NOC and 500 mg of raw fresh garlic, 500 mg of raw fresh red onion, and 500 mg of raw fresh white onion on 1 kg of body weight for Chol/Garlic, Chol/OnionRed, and Chol/OnionWhite diet groups, respectively. In order to detect the changes in the liver and aorta, a histological procedure was applied, and the liver enzymes were determined and compared. It was found that the main changes vs the Control group were in the liver of rats fed the cholesterol-containing diet without vegetable supplementation. Significantly less histological changes in the liver and lower level of liver enzymes vs those of the Chol group were detected in rats of the Chol/Garlic group (P < 0.05). The interaction between the polyphenol extract of garlic and BSA in vitro showed its strong ability comparable with that of quercetin to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA. In conclusion, all studied vegetables showed protective effects, but raw garlic supplemented with cholesterol-containing diets significantly prevented the aorta and liver damages of rats. 相似文献