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甘薯渣同步糖化发酵生产酒精的工艺优化 总被引：6，自引：6，他引：0
为了综合利用甘薯淀粉工业废渣,本研究以甘薯渣为原料发酵生产酒精,并对其同步糖化发酵工艺(SSF)进行优化。研究同步糖化发酵时影响酒精发酵工艺的9个因素,采用Plackett-Burman试验设计筛选出显著因素,并在筛选结果的基础上,用最陡爬坡途径逼近最大响应区域,然后利用响应面分析法确定其最佳参数。结果表明,影响酒精发酵工艺的显著因素为糖化酶、接种量和发酵温度。酒精发酵优化最佳参数为:α-淀粉酶8U/g,液化时间1.5h,液化温度90℃,硫酸铵质量分数0.15g/100g,pH值4,发酵时间36h,糖化酶151U/g,接种量0.3%,发酵温度36℃。在此条件下,验证试验得到的酒精体积分数达到17.15%,接近理论预测值16.95%。优化后的工艺可为甘薯渣同步糖化发酵生产酒精提供技术参考。 相似文献
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豆腐渣混合苹果渣固态发酵改善纤维适口性 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为了改善豆腐渣发酵后膳食纤维的适口性,适量混合部分苹果渣,利用其糖分提高酿酒酵母的发酵效率,并对其固态发酵工艺条件进行优化。采用单因素和正交试验方法优化的较佳发酵条件为pH值为8、发酵温度22℃、豆腐渣与苹果渣质量比2∶1、酿酒酵母接种量8%、发酵时间48 h。在优化发酵条件下,豆腐渣和苹果渣混合物中粗纤维的质量分数由发酵前的107.8 mg/g下降到发酵后的64.2 mg/g,降解率为40.45%。混合苹果渣的固态发酵极大地改善了膳食纤维的适口性,可以作为健康食品原料广泛使用。 相似文献
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柿果醋醋酸发酵工艺参数优化研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了探索柿子原浆果醋的发酵规律,给柿果醋的生产提供理论依据.以水柿为原料,采用响应面法对柿果醋醋酸发酵过程的工艺参数(发酵温度、醋酸菌接种量和发酵时间)进行优化.结果表明,醋酸菌接种量、发酵时间对柿果醋醋酸含量有极显著影响(P＜0.01),发酵温度对后者影响不显著.优化出最佳工艺参数为发酵温度33.1℃,醋酸菌接种量0.56‰,发酵时间110 h,在此工艺条件下柿果醋醋酸含量可达4.928 g/(100 mL).多元回归分析结果显示,发酵温度、醋酸菌接种量、发酵时间与醋酸含量之间回归模型高度显著,可用于实际生产预测. 相似文献
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为提高苹果皮渣中粗蛋白的含量,以黑曲霉为发酵菌种发酵苹果皮渣,通过单因素试验对影响苹果皮渣固态发酵的参数进行优化,在此基础上进一步采用响应面试验筛选最佳发酵工艺参数,并对最佳工艺条件下的发酵产物品质进行分析。结果表明,黑曲霉发酵苹果皮渣的最佳工艺条件为:黑曲霉接种量10%、发酵温度32℃、水料比3.5、发酵时间6 d。此条件下苹果皮渣经发酵后粗蛋白含量从7.05%提高到33.56%,粗脂肪含量从4.75%提高到5.57%,粗纤维含量从21.80%降低到13.53%,氨基酸总含量从45.10 mg·g~(- 1)提高到126.30 mg·g~(- 1),必需氨基酸含量从16.13 mg·g-1提高到50.40mg·g~(- 1)。综上,黑曲霉发酵可以显著提高苹果皮渣的营养价值,这为苹果皮渣资源化利用、缓解蛋白质供需矛盾提供了有效途径。 相似文献
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Calcium plays an important role in the growth and development of apple trees as well as in high fruit quality. In the present study, solution cultures were carried out under climatically controlled conditions in a growth room to evaluate the response of apple seedlings to six levels of Ca (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, and 3.2 mM Ca). Foliar calcium deficiency symptoms were observed at Ca concentrations lower than 0.4 mM. The 3.2 mM Ca treatment resulted in the highest shoot dry matter accumulation and the greatest leaf area. However, both root length and dry matter accumulation were less affected by Ca levels. Calcium uptake parameters were significantly influenced by Ca treatment. 相似文献
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新疆苹果皱果类病毒(AFCVd)的检测与序列分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采集新疆焉耆地区的老果园中的苹果（Malus domestica Brkn）树枝条、叶片和韧皮部,提取总RNA,根据GenBank中的AB104558序列设计引物,利用RT-PCR技术扩增出苹果皱果类病毒（Apple fruit crinkle viroid ,AFCVd）特异条带,通过回收、克隆和测序,结果表明,获得的10条序列,已在GenBank中登录（登录号：EU031507～EU031516）。利用带有AFCVd目的DNA的质粒为模板,成功地合成了地高辛标记的cDNA探针,该探针能很好地用于AFCVd的检测。并利用原位RT-PCR技术做进一步检测,证明苹果叶片中有苹果皱果类病毒存在,主要分布在叶肉细胞的细胞核中。 相似文献
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苹果锈果类病毒(Apple scar skin viroid,ASSVd)属于Pospiviroidae科(Hashimoto et al.,1987),主要侵染苹果和梨(陈炜等,1988a,b),是我国苹果产区的一种重要病害。刘福昌等(1985)和陈炜等(1988a、b)对ASSVd进行了研究。 相似文献
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苹果基因组DNA的快速提取 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
提出了一种适用于苹果（Malus pumila Mill)RAPD分析的基因组DNA的快速提取方法。用本法提取的DNA质量高，简便，快速，经济，每天可提取200个DNA样品，每个DNA样品可供50－100次PCR反应，用10个碱基随机引物进行PCR扩增，95％以上的样品都才扩增出3－10条清晰的泳带。 相似文献
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Drying Kinetics of Red Delicious Apple 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
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通过建立苹果栽培的知识库、事实库,通过简单的性状选择、图片识别和数据分析,能够识别品种、苗木、病虫害等,并进一步提出诊断结果和栽培建议。 相似文献
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绿肥间作和滴灌对苹果园土壤肥力和果实品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
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Apple peels as a value-added food ingredient 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
There is some evidence that chronic diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease, may occur as a result of oxidative stress. Apple peels have high concentrations of phenolic compounds and may assist in the prevention of chronic diseases. Millions of pounds of waste apple peels are generated in the production of applesauce and canned apples in New York State each year. We proposed that a valuable food ingredient could be made using the peels of these apples if they could be dried and ground to a powder without large losses of phytochemicals. Rome Beauty apple peels were treated with citric acid dips, ascorbic acid dips, and blanches before being oven-dried at 60 degrees C. Only blanching treatments greatly preserved the phenolic compounds, and peels blanched for 10 s had the highest total phenolic content. Rome Beauty apple peels were then blanched for 10 s and dried under various conditions (oven-dried at 40, 60, or 80 degrees C, air-dried, or freeze-dried). The air-dried and freeze-dried apple peels had the highest total phenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents. On a fresh weight basis, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of these samples were similar to those of the fresh apple peels. Freeze-dried peels had a lower water activity than air-dried peels on a fresh weight basis. The optimal processing conditions for the ingredient were blanching for 10s and freeze-drying. The process was scaled up, and the apple peel powder ingredient was characterized. The total phenolic content was 3342 +/- 12 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g dried peels, the flavonoid content was 2299 +/- 52 mg catechin equivalents/100 g dried peels, and the anthocyanin content was 169.7 +/- 1.6 mg cyanidin 3-glucoside equivalents/100 g dried peels. These phytochemical contents were a significantly higher than those of the fresh apple peels if calculated on a fresh weight basis (p < 0.05). The apple peel powder had a total antioxidant activity of 1251 +/- 56 micromol vitamin C equivalents/g, similar to fresh Rome Beauty peels on a fresh weight basis (p > 0.05). One gram of powder had an antioxidant activity equivalent to 220 mg of vitamin C. The freeze-dried apple peels also had a strong antiproliferative effect on HepG(2) liver cancer cells with a median effective dose (EC(50)) of 1.88 +/- 0.01 mg/mL. This was lower than the EC(50) exhibited by the fresh apple peels (p < 0.05). Apple peel powder may be used in a various food products to add phytochemicals and promote good health. 相似文献
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蚯蚓堆肥用作苹果育苗基质的应用研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本研究采用穴盘栽培的方式,以不同比例的蚯蚓堆肥替代草炭调配育苗基质配方,用于苹果的育苗效果研究,通过比较苹果苗生长状况,以为蚯蚓堆肥在果树育苗上的应用提供参考。试验设置4个处理,包括传统草炭基质处理(对照)、蚯蚓堆肥25%、50%、100%替代草炭基质处理,对苹果苗的株高、茎粗、叶片光合色素含量、壮苗指数、根系形态和根系活力指标进行测定和分析。结果发现:与对照相比,蚯蚓堆肥不同比例替代草炭(25%、50%、100%)均能够增加苹果苗的地上生物量,以全替代(100%)的效果最为显著,全替代处理下苹果苗的存活率提高了15%,根系长度、根表面积、根体积、根尖数、根干重和根系活力分别增加了23.40%、47.61%、5.88%、38.57%、20.17%、228.75%。因此,蚯蚓堆肥可以全替代草炭用作苹果苗的育苗基质,且不仅能够降低成本,还可以促进农业废弃物的循环转化,降低环境风险。 相似文献