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景泰县是一个以景电一、二期高扬程电力提灌工程为主体的灌溉农业区。春小麦是灌区最主要的粮食作物。自工程建成以来,灌区在发展农业生产的同时,也存在着农田灌溉粗放,大水漫灌,“浇地”不“浇作物”,灌溉水深层渗漏和跑水现象普遍,造成水资源浪费严重,不利于作物良好生长,农业水分生产率和水分生产效益低等现状。近年来甘肃省农牧厅针对水资源短缺或季节性供水紧张等突出问题,大力倡导并实施了农田节水举措,该县于2008年承担了“全省灌区农田节水示范推广”项目中“小麦垄作灌溉节水技术试验示范”任务, 相似文献
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减氮节水对宁夏引黄灌区春小麦光合特性与产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
针对宁夏引黄灌区春小麦生产中氮肥投入过量及水资源利用效率低的问题,探究减氮背景下节水灌溉对春小麦群体动态、光合特性及产量的影响。2021年以宁春4号为供试材料,分别设置3个施氮水平（常规施氮270 kg/hm2、减施氮肥25%和不施氮）和3个灌溉定额（常规灌溉400 mm、节水20%和节水40%）。结果表明：1）同一氮肥水平下不同灌溉处理的群体总茎数均无显著性差异;同一灌溉定额水平下常规施氮和减氮水平处理的群体总茎数均显著高于不施氮处理,但二者无显著差异,减氮节水处理亦能维持较高的群体总茎数和茎蘖成穗率。2）与常规施氮相比,减氮25%对春小麦的生长发育无明显影响,在此基础上节水20%并不会降低春小麦株高,叶面积的生长,不会减少春小麦干物质累积量。3）减氮水平与常规施氮处理的春小麦叶片SPAD值和光合指标无明显差异,减氮水平下节水20%处理的叶片SPAD值和光合指标同常规灌溉无显著差异,但显著高于节水40%处理。4）所有水氮处理中减氮水平下20%节水处理的穗粒数和千粒质量最高,春小麦产量达8 092.52 kg/hm2,与常规施氮常规灌溉处理的产量无显著差异。减氮25%节水20%处理的灌溉施肥模式,既可获得较高产量又可以节约水氮资源,达到了宁夏引黄灌区春小麦生产中减氮、节水、稳产的目的。因此,可作为当地适宜的施氮灌溉方案。 相似文献
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小麦节水高产育种方法的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国幅员辽阔,不同地区的自然条件与种植环境存在明显的差异,这也对小麦育种提出了更加复杂且多样化的要求。小麦是北方地区的主要农作物,而北方水资源长期处于严重匮乏的状态,如何有效实现节水种植目标成为育种人员研究的重点方向,如何在节水的同时保持小麦高产也是当前小麦全新品种选育的主要任务。小麦育种的核心问题就是将最优质和最合适的基因从庞大的基因群组中选取出来,最终达到小麦育种目标。基于此,结合当前小麦节水高产育种需求对主要育种方法进行分析讨论。 相似文献
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宁夏引黄灌区春小麦需水规律及水分指标的研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
采用农田土壤水分平衡方程和联合国粮农组织推荐计算作物蒸散量的方法 ,利用田间试验土壤含水量与气象条件和作物之间关系 ,研究确定宁夏灌区春小麦不同发育期水分指标及发育期需水规律 ,用曲线拟合方法计算出土壤含水量与春小麦生理、生态特征之间统计方程 ,建立了节水灌溉模型 ,并制定了灌区春小麦适宜灌溉量及灌溉时次 相似文献
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采用盆栽试验方法,以黄淮麦区主栽的23个小麦品种为材料,以根系活力、根中全氮含量和根中可溶性糖含量为指标进行聚类分析。结果表明, 23个小麦品种的根系生理特性可归为3个类群:根系生理活性旺盛型(A类群);根系生理活性中等型(B类群);根系生理活性较弱型(C类群)。本研究条件下,根系生理活性中等型综合表现较好,主要表现为根系活力较强,根中氮含量和可溶性糖含量较高,获得的籽粒产量较高,是较为理想的育种材料。研究结果为黄淮冬麦区当前主栽品种的合理利用、新品种选育以及高产优质高效栽培提供了理论参考。 相似文献
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甘春32号是以外引材料固87-67为母本,以自育品种9236为父本,经有性杂交选育而成的小麦新品种。在2013 — 2014年甘肃省旱地春小麦新品种区域试验中,2 a平均折合产量3 467.1 kg/hm2,较对照品种西旱2号增产12.77%。适宜在甘肃中部干旱半干旱区的定西、会宁、榆中、永靖、兰州,宁夏海原、西吉等地区以及生态类似区旱地春播种植。 相似文献
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为验证氮肥增效剂在春小麦上的施用效果,以春小麦品种永良15号为指示品种,设添加不同用量的氮肥增效剂NBPT、DMPP,常规施肥和不施肥处理(对照)共5个处理,在河西灌区研究了减量施肥条件下添加肥料增效剂对春小麦生长性状、产量及经济效益的影响。结果表明,较传统施肥(N 232.5 kg/hm2、P2O5 241.5 kg/hm2、K2O 56.3 kg/hm2)减N 14.0%、P2O5 37.9%,添加脲酶抑制剂(NBPT) 0.40 kg/hm2、硝化抑制剂(DMPP)2.00 kg/hm2时春小麦主要性状表现较好,产量最高,为4 693.3 kg/hm2,纯收益较传统施肥增加975.59元/hm2。在河西灌区,春小麦在化肥减量并添加氮肥增效剂条件下能够实现节本增效,可在小麦生产中应用。 相似文献
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农大211和农大212是中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院由农大3291品种群体经选择育种方法育成的丰产、节水小麦(Triticum aestivum)品种,分别于2007年和2010年通过北京市小麦新品种审定委员会审定。2个品种除籽粒颜色农大211为白粒,农大212为红粒外,其他农艺性状(株高、株型、生育期、抗病性、熟相等)均表现高度一致。本文介绍了农大211和农大212的选育过程、品种特点和推广应用情况,并讨论了中国农业大学的小麦育种经验。 相似文献
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“高产优质早中熟花莱杂一代新品种选育”项目是市科委1997年下达的重庆市六大作物联合育种攻关项目“根茎叶花果蔬菜杂一代新品种选育”的子项目。通过5年试验研究，该项目成功选育出高产优质早中熟花菜杂一代新品种“金佛洁玉”，并于2006年通过重庆市品种鉴定。该品种生育期80天，具有植株生长势强，耐热、耐旱能力强，花球洁白、紧实、无毛，单球重750g左右，抗病（TuMV、黑腐病）性强，适应性广等特点。该品种2004～2006年累计示范推广14960．8hm^2，较全国同类主栽品种“厦花四号”增产30％以上。 相似文献
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Suyundukov Ya. T. Suyundukova M. B. Bezuglova O. S. Khabirov I. K. Khasanova R. F. Semenova I. N. Rafikova Yu. S. Ilbulova G. R. 《Eurasian Soil Science》2022,55(1):27-35
Eurasian Soil Science - The results of the study of the properties of urban soils of the city of Sibay located in the mining region of the Republic of Bashkortostan are presented. A specific... 相似文献
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Kholodov V. A. Farkhodov Y. R. Yaroslavtseva N. V. Ziganshina A. R. Maksimovich S. V. 《Eurasian Soil Science》2022,55(7):998-1004
Eurasian Soil Science - Layers were step-by-step removed from macroaggregates (2–1 mm in diameter) of Protocalcic Chernozems via successive abrasion in a revolving rotator during 5, 10, 15,... 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(15-16):1631-1646
Abstract Brazil has approximately 30 million hectares of lowland areas, known locally as “Varzea,”; distributed throughout the country. Soils in these areas have the potential to support agricultural production, but very little is known about their fertility. The current experiment was undertaken to characterize the chemical and physical properties of representative “Varzea”; soils collected at 0–20, 20–40, 40–60, and 60–80 cm depth intervals from 23 sites in Goias State of Brazil. Organic matter contents averaged 42 g/kg in the surface 20 cm of soil and should make a significant contribution to overall nutrient availability. Soil pH increased slightly with depth from a mean value of 5.2 in the surface 20 cm of soil to a mean value of 5.4 in the 60–80 cm depth interval. Several soils had exchangeable Al values ≥ 1.0 cmol Al/kg, but soil Al saturation was generally less than the 60% level frequently associated with Al toxicity. However, cereal and legume production could benefit from lime addition in many of these soils. Although base saturation was fairly low in some soils, exchangeable Ca and Mg levels were, in general, adequate throughout the profile. Extractable P levels were adequate in most surface soil samples. Extractable K levels in these soils were generally low, and the application of K fertilizers should be beneficial, especially in conjunction with lime addition. The high clay content “Varzea”; soils of the Brazilian lowlands have some drainage problems but generally exhibit favorable chemical properties for crop production when compared to soils of the well‐drained Cerrados. 相似文献
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Ye. V. Rogozhina N. V. Kostina L. S. Malyukova 《Moscow University Soil Science Bulletin》2011,66(1):32-35
An estimation of potential nitrogen-fixing activity of various soil types under agrophytocenoses of tea, filbert, peach, and
pawpaw which grow in the area of Greater Sochi is given. High indicators of nitrogen fixation activity in the soil in the
course of vegetation were characteristic of agrocenoses of pawpaw, peach, and filbert. The lowest level of nitrogen fixation
was noted in the soil of a tea plantation. A negative correlation dependence of potential nitrogen-fixing activity on the
acidity of the soil solution was established. A study of the seasonal dynamics of the activity of nitrogen fixation of soils
of agrocenoses of the subtropical zone of Russia made it possible to distinguish a less active winter and more active spring-summer-autumn
periods. 相似文献
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物联网是一个集信息通信、数据交换、传感器技术与软件工程于一体的综合性产业,探讨和分析了物联网的结构体系与发展中遇到的安全问题。 相似文献
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荔枝种子从果实中剥离出来后, 即使在室内条件下, 也极易失水干缩, 潮湿环境中又易发霉而腐烂。扫描电镜观察表明: 种皮上布满纹孔, 水分散失面积很大; 种脐部为疏松的海绵组织, 且营养丰富。据此, 生产上应对种子彻底清洗, 并保存于适当湿度的环境中, 以提高其发芽率。 相似文献
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The rate of popping of popcorn was measured in oil and in air. Kinetic data for lifetimes of individual kernels from a large population were obtained in oil at six constant temperatures (180–250°C) and also in an air‐popper at 202°C. The data are characterized by an induction period, which is, significantly, followed by a first‐order decrease in the number of unpopped kernels versus time. The activation energy for the first order process is 166.7 kJ/mol between 180 and 210°C, and 53.8 kJ/mol between 210 and 250°C. These data are consistent with a model that assumes 1) that the rate of heat transfer into a kernel follows Newton's law of cooling; 2) that in a sample of kernels there exists a distribution of critical pressures; 3) that for an individual kernel, the probability of popping is directly proportional to the difference between the internal aqueous vapor pressure and the kernel's critical pressure; and 4) that the measured rate constant at any temperature is an average overall of the kernels in the sample with critical pressures equal to or less than the internal aqueous vapor pressure. Minimum popping temperatures predicted by the model are 181 ± 2°C (oil) and 187 ± 2°C (air), in good agreement with previously reported direct measurements. 相似文献