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1.
Objective Evaluate the influence of topically applied flurbiprofen 0.03% and latanoprost 0.005%, alone or in combination, in normal canines. Animals studied 10 Normal Beagles. Procedures Intraocular pressure (IOP), pupil size, aqueous flare, conjunctival hyperemia, and blepharospasm were evaluated bilaterally five times daily (8 am , 11 am , 2 pm , 5 pm, and 8 pm ). The study consisted of a training and acclimation period, followed by 3, 1‐week experiment periods. A 2‐week washout period occurred between each experiment period. During period 1, all dogs received flurbiprofen (three doses 6‐h apart) in the treated eye, whereas in period 2, all dogs received latanoprost (one dose 24‐h apart). During period 3, both latanoprost (one dose 24‐h apart) and flurbiprofen (three doses 6‐h apart) were administered in the treated eye. Results Flurbiprofen resulted in a mean IOP elevation of 1.1 mmHg (8.65%) in the treated eye, as compared with the control eye. No effect on pupil size, conjunctival hyperemia, or aqueous flare was noted. Latanoprost resulted in a mean IOP reduction of 3.4 mmHg (30.19%). Combined latanoprost and flurbiprofen resulted in a mean IOP reduction of 2.7 mmHg (24.56%). Miosis was noted in the treated eyes during both latanoprost periods, with maximal pupil constriction 3‐h post‐dose. This was followed by relative mydriasis 24‐h post‐dose, persisting 48 h after the last dose. The degree of conjunctival hyperemia varied between individuals. Neither blepharospasm nor aqueous flare was noted at any time point. Conclusion Concurrent administration of latanoprost and flurbiprofen resulted in a 20.41% reduction in the ocular hypotensive effect relative to latanoprost therapy alone.  相似文献   

2.
Objective To assess the effects of topical ocular application of 0.25% demecarium bromide on serum acetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels in normal dogs. Animals Nine adult mixed breed dogs weighing between 18 and 27 kg. Procedures Fifty µL of 0.25% demecarium bromide were applied to one eye of each dog every 8 h for 6 days. Blood was analyzed for AChE levels prior to commencement of eye drops, and at 45 min, 1 h 45 min, 4 h 45 min, 1 day, 3 days, and 7 days following commencement of eye drops using a 5,5′‐dithiobis‐(2‐nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) reaction. Results Acetylcholinesterase levels declined over the first 24 h following commencement of demecarium administration in most dogs. This decline was highly variable and was statistically significant by 24 h. In some individuals AChE levels were suppressed to levels approaching clinical toxicity. By day 3 AChE levels had risen to levels above baseline in most dogs. Conclusions Topical ocular application of demecarium causes transient suppression of systemic acetylcholinesterase levels in most dogs. Acetylcholinesterase levels generally do not fall to toxic levels, but may do so in certain individuals. Demecarium bromide eye drops generally do not cause AChE toxicity, but dogs receiving such therapy should be monitored for signs of AChE toxicity, and concomitant use of other AChE inhibitors should be avoided.  相似文献   

3.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate effects of daily topical ocular administration of latanoprost solution on intraocular pressure (IOP) in healthy cats and dogs. ANIMALS: 9 domestic shorthair cats and 14 dogs. PROCEDURE: Latanoprost solution (0.005%) was administered topically to 1 eye (treated) and vehicle to the other eye (control) of all animals once daily in the morning for 8 days. Intraocular pressure was measured twice daily for the 5 days preceding treatment, and IOP, pupillary diameter, conjunctival hyperemia, and blepharospasm were measured 0, 1, 6, and 12 hours after the first 4 treatments and 0 and 12 hours after the final 4 treatments. Measurements continued twice a day for 5 days after treatment was discontinued. Aqueous flare was measured once daily during and for 5 days after the treatment period. RESULTS: Intraocular pressure and pupillary diameter were significantly decreased in the treated eye of dogs, compared with the control eye. Mild conjunctival hyperemia was also detected, but severity did not differ significantly between eyes. Blepharospasm and aqueous flare were not detected in either eye. Intraocular pressure in cats was not significantly affected by treatment with latanoprost. However, pupillary diameter was significantly decreased in the treated eye, compared with the control eye. Conjunctival hyperemia, aqueous flare, and blepharospasm were not detected in either eye. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Once-daily topical ocular administration of latanoprost solution (0.005%) reduced IOP in healthy dogs without inducing adverse effects but did not affect IOP in healthy cats. Latanoprost may be useful for treating glaucoma in dogs.  相似文献   

4.
This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of 0.0015% preservative-free tafluprost (Zioptan®) and 0.005% preservative containing latanoprost ophthalmic solutions (Lataprost®) on intraocular pressure (IOP) in healthy male guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). A total of 16 male guinea pigs were randomly assigned to receive one drop of tafluprost or one drop of latanoprost in the right eye. The contralateral eye served as control. IOP was measured using a rebound tonometer at time 0(baseline), after 30 minutes and every 60 minutes for the next three hours and then every three hours for the next 21 hours. Administration of tafluprost and latanoprost was not associated with changes in IOP in the treated eyes. The maximum IOP-lowering effect of the ophthalmic solutions was observed 30 minutes post-instillation in the treated eyes (-1.25 ± 1.50 mmHg, P-value = 0.194 in group A and -1.50 ± 1.29 mmHg, P-value = 0.103 in group B) and returned to normal after 9 and 12 hours in group A and B, respectively. There was no significant difference between the IOP measurements of the right and left eyes in neither groups during the study (repeated measure test and Generalized Linear Mixed Model). The administration of one drop of tafluprost and latanoprost had no significant effect on the IOP of healthy guinea pigs. Further studies are needed in guinea pigs affected by glaucoma to explore the effectiveness of these drugs.  相似文献   

5.
An Ahmed valve implantation with an Ologen® Collagen Matrix (Ologen® CM, Aeon Astron, Leiden, the Netherlands) was performed for the treatment of uncontrolled glaucoma in a cat. This cat was a 5‐year‐old castrated Russian Blue male with a 12‐week history of conjunctival hyperemia and mydriasis of the left eye. During the ophthalmic examination, the intraocular pressure (IOP) oculus sinister (OS) was 52 mmHg, and a narrow iridocorneal angle (ICA) was detected by gonioscopy. Medical treatment with Cosopt® (2% dorzolamide and 0.5% timolol) failed to decrease the IOP. The left eye still had vision, and an Ahmed valve implantation was performed. During the gonioimplantation, Ologen® CM was used to inhibit scar formation around the valve. Following the operation, the IOP was stable at an approximate average of 15 mmHg during the 7‐month follow‐up period, and vision in the left eye was retained without medication. An adequate subconjunctival filtering bleb was formed after 140 days. This is the first case report in which an Ahmed valve gonioimplant with an Ologen® CM has been used for the surgical treatment of glaucoma in a cat.  相似文献   

6.
PURPOSE: To compare the effects of travoprost 0.004% and latanoprost 0.005% on the intraocular pressure (IOP) of normal dogs. METHODS: Twenty mixed breed dogs were randomized to two groups: latanoprost was used in group A and travoprost in group B. The drugs were instilled in the right eye of the dogs, whereas the left eye received placebo. Both drugs were instilled once a day at 8 am during 5 days. IOP measurements were made at 8 am, 10 am, 2 pm and 8 pm during the 5 days of treatment, the 3 days that preceded treatment, and 3 days following treatment. Presence of blepharospasm, miosis, anterior chamber flare, and conjunctival hyperemia were evaluated during the study. RESULTS: Mean IOP was significantly reduced in the eyes treated with both latanoprost and travoprost, when compared with the eyes treated with placebo (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the mean IOPs of eyes treated with latanoprost and travoprost at all time intervals during baseline, treatment, and recovery (P>0.05). On the fifth day of treatment and on the first day of the recovery period, a severe ocular hypotension was noted with both drugs, resulting in imprecise readings with the tonometer. Miosis and conjunctival hyperemia were observed in the treated eyes of both groups, whereas flare was noticed in one latanoprost-treated eye. CONCLUSION: Travoprost 0.004% significantly reduces the IOP in normal dogs. The hypotensive effect obtained with travoprost 0.004% is comparable to that obtained with latanoprost 0.005%.  相似文献   

7.
The objective of the study was to determine the effect of topical 0.5% tropicamide on intraocular pressure (IOP) in normotensive feline eyes. IOP was measured bilaterally in 70 clinically healthy cats and gonioscopy (and goniophotography) was performed. Thereafter, 50 cats were treated unilaterally with one drop of 0.5% tropicamide. The contralateral, left eye served as a control. In the placebo group consisting of 20 cats, one drop of physiologic saline solution was administered to the right eye. In all cats, IOP of both eyes was measured 30, 60 and 90 min after topical administration. After unilateral tropicamide application, IOP increased significantly both in the right and in the left eye. Maximum average IOP increase was observed at the control measurement performed 90 min after treatment, with an elevation of 3.8 +/- 4.2 mmHg in the right eye and 3.5 +/- 3.6 mmHg in the left eye. Maximum IOP increase after treatment was 18.0 mmHg in the treated eye and 17.0 mmHg in the left eye. Measurements made at 60 min after treatment revealed a significantly higher increase in IOP in the right eye as compared to the left eye (P60 < 0.05), whereas the differences between right and left eye in IOP increase were not significant at 30 and 90 min after mydriatic application (P30 = 0.123; P90 = 0.305). Although tropicamide-induced mydriasis was observed in the treated eye, the contralateral eye did not show any changes in pupillary function at any time. With increasing age of the cats, IOP increase was found to be more moderate, whereas the gender of the cats did not have any significant influence on IOP changes. In the 20 cats in the placebo group, no significant changes in IOP were observed. We conclude that topical 0.5% tropicamide causes a significant elevation of IOP in the treated and untreated eye in normal cats.  相似文献   

8.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to determine the effects of systemic 0.5% tropicamide on intraocular pressure (IOP), pupillary diameter (PD), blood pressure, and heart rate (HR) in normal felines with normotensive eyes. PROCEDURES: Intraocular pressure, PD, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean blood pressure (MBP), and HR were measured in 18 clinically healthy cats. Each of the previously mentioned parameters was measured every 30 min during the trial period. At T(60), each cat was treated with one to two drops of 0.5% tropicamide ophthalmic solution placed on the dorsal aspect of the tongue. Changes in SBP, DBP, MBP, and HR were evaluated using one-way repeated measures analysis of variance, with time as the repeated factor. IOP and PD were evaluated using two-way repeated measures analysis of variance, with time and side (OD vs. OS) as the repeated factors. P values less than or equal to 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: After lingual tropicamide administration, the mean PD at T(60) was 3.53 mm OD and 3.53 mm OS. The mean PD at T(90) was 6.36 mm OD and 6.31 mm OS. The mean PD at T(120) was 8.25 mm OD and 8.19 mm OS. This change in PD from T(60), T(90), and T(120) was statistically significant, demonstrating a linear increase in PD over time after tropicamide application on the tongue (P<0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference in PD when comparing the right to the left pupils (P=0.10). The mean IOP at T(60) was 14 mmHg OD and 12.94 mmHg OS. The mean IOP at T(90) was 14.5 mmHg OD and 14.23 mmHg OS. The mean IOP at T(120) was 14.94 mmHg OD and 14.89 mmHg OS. This change in IOP from T(60), T(90), and T(120) was statistically significant, demonstrating a linear increase in IOP over time after tropicamide application on the tongue (P=0.034). There was no statistically significant difference in IOP when comparing the right eye to the left eye (P=0.28). There were no statistically significant differences in SBP, DBP, MBP, and HR values over time for the duration of the study. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that although lingual application of tropicamide appears to result in systemic absorption, causing significant pupillary dilation and elevations in IOP, systemic effects on SBP, DBP, MBP, and HR were not observed.  相似文献   

9.
Objective To compare intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements made on healthy adult rabbits without the effect of tranquilizers using the new applanation tonometer, Tono‐Pen Avia®, and the rebound tonometer Tonovet®. Methods Intraocular pressure was measured throughout the day (6:00, 9:00, 12:00, 15:00, and 18:00 h) in 38 adult New Zealand White rabbits (76 eyes). The animals were 20 males and 18 females, with a mean weight of 3.5 kg and an average age of 6 months. A complete ocular exam (including Schirmer tear test, fluorescein staining, slit‐lamp biomicroscopy, and direct ophthalmoscopy) was performed on all animals at the beginning of the trial. Rebound tonometry was performed, and after 10 min, anesthetic drops were instilled and applanation tonometry was carried out. IOP values obtained using the two techniques were analyzed statistically. Results The mean IOP was 9.51 ± 2.62 mmHg with Tonovet®, and 15.44 ± 2.16 mmHg with the Tono‐Pen Avia®. Significant differences between measurements with the two tonometers were observed (P < 0.001). The linear regression equation describing the relationship between the two tonometers was y = 0.4923x + 10.754 (y = Tonovet® and x = Tono‐Pen Avia®). High IOPs were recorded in the early measurements (6:00), but the average IOPs from both devices were statistically similar throughout the day (P = 0.086). The correlation coefficient was r2 = 0.357. No significant difference in IOP regarding gender was observed. Conclusion The Tono‐Pen Avia® recorded higher levels of IOP compared with the Tonovet®. Early in the day, the IOP of rabbits was higher than later in the day, regardless of the tonometer used.  相似文献   

10.
The incidence of primary and secondary glaucoma in dogs was investigated. A total of 1244 dogs received ophthalmologic examinations, including tonometry and gonioscopy. Goniophotographs were taken using a goniolens to evaluate the iridocorneal angle (ICA) as well as pectinate ligament (PL). The anterior width of the ciliary cleft and the total distance from the origin of the PL to the anterior corneal surface were measured from the goniophotographs. Glaucoma was diagnosed based on the cupping of the optic nerve head, clinical signs, ocular changes, and high IOP, and it was synchronized with gonioscopic grades to differentiate between primary and secondary glaucoma. We investigated 1244 dogs of 29 breeds, including the mixed breed; among these, glaucoma was diagnosed in 127 dogs (162 eyes). Of 162 eyes, primary glaucoma was diagnosed in 129 eyes and secondary glaucoma in 33 eyes. Shiba Inu dogs (42 dogs, 33%) showed the highest incidence of glaucoma, followed by Shih-Tzu (21 dogs, 16.5%). Furthermore, all the glaucomatous Shiba Inu dogs had primary glaucoma with abnormal ICA grades and dysplastic PLs. The findings of our study reveal that the Shiba Inu breed in Japan may have a hereditary predisposition to glaucoma.  相似文献   

11.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of 0.005% latanoprost solution on intraocular pressure (IOP) of eyes of clinically normal horses and establish the frequency of adverse effects of drug administration. ANIMALS: 20 adult clinically normal horses. PROCEDURE: IOP was recorded (7, 9, and 11 AM; 3, 5, and 7 PM) on days 1 and 2 (baseline), days 3 to 7 (treatment), and days 8 to 9 (follow-up). Latanoprost was administered to 1 randomly assigned eye of each horse every 24 hours during the treatment period, following the 7 AM IOP recording. Pupil size and the presence or absence of conjunctival hyperemia, epiphora, blepharospasm, blepharedema, and aqueous flare were recorded prior to IOP measurement. RESULTS: IOP was reduced from baseline by a mean value of 1.03 mm Hg (5%) in males and 3.01 mm Hg (17%) in females during the treatment period. Miosis developed in all treated eyes and was moderate to marked in 77% of horses, with the peak effect observed 4 to 8 hours after drug administration. Conjunctival hyperemia, epiphora, blepharospasm, and blepharedema were present in 100, 57, 42, and 12% of treated eyes, respectively, 2 to 24 hours following drug administration. Aqueous flare was not observed at any time point. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although IOP was reduced with every 24-hour dosing of latanoprost, the frequency of prostaglandin-induced adverse events was high. Because recurrent uveitis appears to be a risk factor for glaucoma in horses, topical administration of latanoprost may potentiate prostaglandin-mediated inflammatory disease in affected horses.  相似文献   

12.
Objective To evaluate the changes in intraocular pressure and pupil size in glaucomatous dogs after instillation of 0.005% latanoprost (Xalatan, Pharmacia and Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI, USA) once in the morning, or once in the evening, or twice daily in five‐day multiple‐dose studies. Animals studied Eight Beagles with the moderate stage of inherited primary open‐angle glaucoma. Procedures Applanation tonometry (IOP) and pupil size (PS) measurements were obtained at 8 am, 10 am, 12 noon, 2 pm, and 4 pm in eight glaucoma dogs. Methylcellulose (0.5% as placebo) was instilled in the control eye, and 0.005% latanoprost was instilled in the opposite drug eye. Control and drug eyes were selected using a random table. For these three studies, 0.5% methylcellulose and 0.005% latanoprost were instilled the second through the fifth days with instillations in the morning (8.30 am), or evening (8 pm), or twice daily (8.30 am and 8 pm). Statistical comparisons between drug groups included control, placebo, and treated (0.005% latanoprost) eyes for three multiple‐dose studies. Results In the 8‐am latanoprost study, the mean ± SEM diurnal declines in IOP for the placebo and drug eyes for the first day were 6.5 ± 3.6 mmHg and 8.4 ± 4.0 mmHg, respectively. The mean ± SEM diurnal changes in IOP after 0.005% latanoprost at 8 am once daily for the next four days were 23.3 ± 5.0 mmHg, 25.4 ± 2.1 mmHg, 25.7 ± 1.7 mmHg, and 26.1 ± 1.7 mmHg, respectively, and were significantly different from the control eye. A significant miosis also occurred starting 2 h postdrug instillation, and the resultant mean ± SD pupil size was 1.0 ± 0.1 mm. In the first day of the second latanoprost study, the mean ± SEM diurnal changes in the placebo and drug eye IOPs were 11.6 ± 3.8 mmHg, and 12.0 ± 4.4 mmHg, respectively. For the following four days with latanoprost instilled at 8 pm, the mean ± SEM diurnal changes in IOP in the drug eyes were 24.9 ± 2.1 mmHg, 22.4 ± 1.8 mmHg, 21.6 ± 1.9 mmHg, and 26.6 ± 2.2 mmHg, respectively. Compared to the fellow placebo eyes, the diurnal changes in IOP were significantly different. Significant changes in pupil size were similar to the IOP changes, with miosis throughout the day and return to baseline pupil size the following morning before drug instillation. In the last study, the mean ± SEM diurnal changes in IOP for the placebo and drug eyes for the first day were 6.6 ± 2.1 mmHg and 9.4 ± 2.8 mmHg, respectively. For the four subsequent days with latanoprost instilled twice daily, the mean ± SEM diurnal IOP changes were 19.6 ± 1.5 mmHg, 19.1 ± 1.4 mmHg, 19.9 ± 1.7 mmHg, and 20.3 ± 0.7 mmHg, respectively, and were significantly different from the placebo eyes. The mean changes in PS were 3.1 ± 0.7 mm. Conclusion 0.005% latanoprost instilled once daily (am or pm) as well as twice daily produces significant decreases in IOP and PS in the glaucomatous Beagle. The evening instillation of 0.005% latanoprost produced less daily fluctuations in IOP than when the drug was instilled in the morning. 0.005% latanoprost instilled twice daily produced the greatest decline in IOP with the least daily fluctuations, but longer duration miosis.  相似文献   

13.
Ophthalmic examination findings in adult pygmy goats (Capra hicus)   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
Objective To document normal ophthalmic findings and ocular abnormalities in captive adult pygmy goats. Animals studied Ten healthy adult pygmy goats (five male, five female; 5–11 years of age; 26–45 kg body mass) underwent complete ophthalmic examinations. Procedure Direct illumination, diffuse and slit‐beam biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, IOP measurements and Schirmer tear tests were performed. TonoVet® rebound tonometry, followed by topical application of 0.5% ophthalmic proparacaine, and Tono‐Pen XL® applanation tonometry were performed in each eye to obtain estimates of IOP. Results Ophthalmic abnormalities included corneal scars and pigmentation, incipient cataracts, lenticular sclerosis, and vitreal veiling. Mean STT values were 15.8 mm/min, with a range of 10–30 mm/min. Mean IOP values were 11.8 mmHg for TonoVet®‐D, with a range of 9–14 mmHg; 7.9 mmHg for TonoVet®‐P, with a range of 6–12 mmHg; and 10.8 mmHg for Tono‐Pen XL®, with a range of 8–14 mmHg. Conclusions Ophthalmic examination findings in adult pygmy goats, including normal means and ranges for STT and IOP measurements, using applanation and rebound tonometry, are provided.  相似文献   

14.
Intraocular pressure (IOP) evaluated by applanation tonometry via TONO-PEN XL (TP), and rebound tonometry via TonoVet (TV) were compared in enucleated canine eyes with varied pressure of the anterior chamber (AC) and in clinical cases. TV measured IOP values were lower than IOP measurements of TP in the enucleated eyes with 5-10 mmHg of AC (P<0.0001), though there was no significant difference in IOP values obtained with TP and TV on the pressure ranges of 15-20 mmHg. However, TP detected IOP values were lower than IOP measurements of TV in the eyes with over 25 mmHg of AC (P<0.0001). The results of clinical cases were similar to the enucleated eye model. There was no significant difference in IOP values obtained from TP and TV in dogs with normotensive eyes. IOP measurements of TP were lower than those of TV in glaucomatous eyes (P<0.0001). TV was a reliable tonometer for measurement of IOP in hypertensive eyes, whereas it was less accurate than TP in hypotensive eyes. The characteristics of TP and TV should be considered in the evaluation of IOP in practice.  相似文献   

15.
Objective  To investigate the relationship of the iridocorneal angle as it appears on ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) to increases in IOP post-phacoemulsification in the canine eye.
Animals studied  47 eyes of 28 dogs of various age, sex, and breed.
Methods  The ciliary process and limbus were used as a reference points to measure the angle opening distance (AOD), which was set by multiplying 0.45 by the distance between the ciliary process and limbus (when measured from the ciliary process). Pressure measurements were taken at five set points: Before, immediately post-, one day post-, 1 week post-, and 1 month post-phacoemulsification.
Results  A weak relationship between the AOD and the IOP one day post-phacoemulsification (Intercept: 2.83, Slope: –1.24, P -value: 0.0155) was observed. No relationship immediately post-operative (Intercept: 3.45, Slope: –1.34, P -value: 0.0651), 1 week post-phacoemulsification (Intercept: 2.31, Slope: –0.01, P -value: 0.9829), 1 month post-phacoemulsification (Intercept: 1.85, Slope: –0.49, P -value: 0.1533) was observed. The pre-operative measurements made with UBM were: Distance from limbus to ciliary process (DLCP): (Minimum: 1.152, Maximum: 2.992, Mean: 1.91, SD: 0.468); AOD (Minimum: 0.104, Maximum: 0.764, Mean: 0.40, SD: 0.172).
Conclusions  The relationship between AOD as measured by UBM pre-operatively is weakly associated with IOP pressure elevations at day one post-phacoemulsification. Further study is required prospectively to establish the importance of this relationship. Initial measurements of the canine iridocorneal angle were created, suggesting a method to be used in the future to establish true canine normal measurements.  相似文献   

16.
Rescula (0.12% unoprostone isopropyl) is the first docosanoid compound approved for treatment of glaucoma in humans. It is commercially available in Japan, and is undergoing clinical testing elsewhere. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Rescula on intraocular pressure (IOP) in normotensive dogs. After establishing a baseline diurnal IOP curve, six dogs were unilaterally treated with Rescula while the contralateral eye was treated with a placebo. Applanation tonometry was performed in both eyes, and pupil size was evaluated, 30 min after treatment, and at 1-hr intervals for the next 9 hr. Rescula caused a significant (p=0.014) and long-lasting decrease in IOP, from 20.49+/-2.02 mm Hg in control eyes to 15.49+/-0.69 mm Hg in treated eyes. These results suggest that Rescula is potentially efficacious in treatment of canine glaucoma.  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of the study was to describe the shape of the pectinate ligament (PL) and to estimate the width of the iridocorneal angle (ICA) in glaucomatous and non-glaucomatous eye of Shiba Inu dogs in Japan. One hundred fourteen Shiba Inu dogs were presented to the Veterinary Medical Center at the University of Tokyo between June 1998 and June 2003. Among these, 46 dogs had glaucoma; the remaining 68 dogs were presented for routine vaccinations or heartworm testing and were used as a control population. Complete ophthalmic examination and gonioscopy were performed in all the dogs. PL and ICA were evaluated by gonioscopy and goniophotographs. Of the 46 dogs with glaucoma, 17 (37%) were affected bilaterally, and 29 (63%) were affected unilaterally. Of the 29 dogs with unilateral glaucoma, the ICA of the normotensive eye was slightly narrow in 2 eyes (7%), narrow in 12 eyes (41%), and closed in 15 eyes (52%). Among the normotensive control group, the ICA was open in 13 dogs (19%), slightly narrow in 29 (43%), narrow in 22 (32%), and closed in 4 (6%). In dogs with narrow and slightly narrow ICAs, the PLs were thickened, and in some cases, formed a solid sheet. The majority of dogs with glaucoma had changes in both ICA and PL. A narrow or slightly narrow ICA was also detected in the majority of normotensive control dogs. This study suggests that ICA narrowing and PL thickening is a common abnormality in Shiba Inu dogs in Japan and may predispose those dogs to glaucoma.  相似文献   

18.
Objective To utilize the Icare tonometer TAO1 for intraocular pressure (IOP) determination in experimental animals. To calculate true IOP calibration functions for rabbit and porcine eyes. Animals Enucleated eyes of 3‐year‐old healthy experimental rabbits (New Zealand white), and healthy 1 year old experimental pigs (Deutsche Landrasse) were used for the determination of IOP. Procedures Manometric (Geuder GmbH, Heidelberg/Germany) and rebound tonometry (Icare tonometer TAO1, Icare, Helsinki/Finland) were used to record IOP in enucleated animal eyes (rabbit n = 2, pig n = 3). Results The Icare tonometer TAO1 measurements underestimated true IOP by 37–60% in rabbit eyes and 17–63% in porcine eyes. IOP values obtained by both rebound and manometric tonometry for rabbit and porcine eyes followed a linear regression curve. Linear functions were calculated to correct the Icare tonometer TAO1 measurements to true IOP for both rabbit (p = 1.4244pic + 4.2421) and porcine eyes (p = 1.0799pic + 5.8557). Conclusions The Icare tonometer TAO1 can be utilized for IOP determination in rabbit and porcine eyes when measured values are corrected with the appropriate linear function.  相似文献   

19.
Objective To report ophthalmic findings in the Screech owl (Megascops asio). Sample population Twenty‐three, apparently healthy adult captive Screech owls in Maryland. Procedures OU of all owls underwent complete ophthalmic examination. One randomly assigned eye of each bird was measured by phenol red thread tear test (PRT), and the other eye by Schirmer tear test (STT). TonoVet® rebound tonometry and TonoPen‐XL® applanation tonometry were performed in each eye to measure IOP. Conjunctival swabs were cultured from one eye of 10 birds, corneal diameter was measured in OU of eight birds, and streak retinoscopy was performed on OU of seven birds. Ten birds were anesthetized, and A‐scan ultrasonography using a 15‐MHz probe was performed to obtain axial intraocular measurements. Results Ophthalmic abnormalities were noted in 24/46 (52%) of eyes. Median STT result was ≤ 2 mm/min, ranging ≤ 2–6 mm/min, and mean ± SD PRT was 15 ± 4.3 mm/15 s. Mean ± SD IOP were 9 ± 1.8 mmHg TonoVet®‐P, 14 ± 2.4 mmHg TonoVet®‐D, and 11 ± 1.9 mmHg TonoPen‐XL®. Coagulase negative staphylococcal organisms were cultured from all conjunctival swabs. Mean ± SD corneal dimensions were 14.5 ± 0.5 mm vertically and 15.25 ± 0.5 mm horizontally. All refracted birds were within one diopter of emmetropia. Mean ± SD axial distance from the cornea to the anterior lens capsule was 4.03 ± 0.3 mm, from cornea to the posterior lens capsule was 10.8 ± 0.5 mm, and from cornea to sclera was 20.33 ± 0.6 mm. Conclusions This study reports ophthalmic examination findings in Screech owls, and provide means and ranges for various ocular measurements. This is the first report of rebound tonometry and PRT in owls.  相似文献   

20.
Objective To evaluate effects of Coherin? on intraocular pressure (IOP), pupil size (PS), and heart rate (HR) in glaucomatous Beagles in single‐dose studies in a pilot study. Materials and methods Intraocular pressure, PS, and HR were measured in eight glaucomatous Beagles. One randomly chosen eye received single 50 μL doses of differing concentrations of Coherin? (treated eye) or vehicle (placebo‐treated eye), and the fellow eye served as the untreated control. After the first measurements, a single dose of either Coherin? or sterile water vehicle was instilled in the drug and placebo eyes, respectively. Results The mean ± SEM diurnal changes in IOP after 0.005%, 0.01%, 0.2%, 0.284%, 1%, 2%, and 4% topical Coherin? once daily were 7.6 ± 3.2 mmHg, 15.5 ± 5.3 mmHg, 11.2 ± 4.4 mmHg, 11.8 ± 4.4 mmHg, 19.1 ± 3.8 mmHg, 5.0 ± 1.8 mmHg, and 8.8 ± 2.8 mmHg, respectively. The declines in IOP were significantly different (P < 0.05) from the untreated control eyes with the 0.2% and 0.284% Coherin?‐treated eyes and suggestive for 1% Coherin? concentrations. No signs of irritation, significant PS, and HR changes were detected in the Coherin?‐treated eyes. Conclusion Of seven different concentrations, 2% and 0.248% Coherin? produced significant declines in IOP in the glaucomatous beagle in single‐dose studies when compared to both untreated control and placebo‐treated eyes. One percent Coherin? solution produced significant IOP decreases compared with the placebo‐treated eye but not the untreated control eyes. No local ocular irritation, PS and HR changes were observed in Coherin?‐treated eyes. This pilot study suggests that topical Coherin? has potential as an ocular hypotensive agent.  相似文献   

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