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1.
本文分析了北京市与河北省小麦赤霉病菌群体遗传结构以及基础生物学特性。结果表明所有菌株均为禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum),属于一个大的单一群体,群体内具有较高的遗传多样性。毒素化学型测定表明,北京与河北地区小麦真菌毒素污染的主要风险为DON与15ADON毒素。表型测定显示,与F.asiaticum群体相比,F.graminearum具有较高的产孢能力,而生长速率和产毒能力较低。该群体对主要杀菌剂多菌灵、戊唑醇和氰烯菌酯均无抗药性。 相似文献
2.
为明确我国不同种、地理来源和毒素化学型小麦茎基腐病菌的致病力分化情况,采用纸塔法对来自全国9个省市80个采样点分离的224株小麦茎基腐病菌进行致病力分析。结果表明,不同种镰刀菌的致病力不同,黄色镰刀菌Fusarium culmorum,禾谷镰刀菌F.graminearum,假禾谷镰刀菌F.pseudograminearum及亚洲镰刀菌F.asiaticum致病力强于其他种。F.culmorum致病力显著高于F.pseudograminearum和F.asiaticum,而F.pseudograminearum,F.graminearum及F.asiaticum三者之间无显著性差异。中华镰刀菌F.sinensis,木贼镰刀菌F.equiseti,锐顶镰刀菌F.acuminatum致病力较弱,三者间苗期致病力无显著性差异;多数省份F.pseudograminearum群体间致病力无显著差异,仅山东F.pseudograminearum群体的致病性显著低于河南群体;此外,产毒类型为3ADON的F.pseudograminearum群体致病力显著高于15ADON群体。 相似文献
3.
小麦赤霉病流行区镰刀菌致病种及毒素化学型分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为从分子水平上明确小麦赤霉病流行区镰刀菌致病种及其B 型毒素化学型的分布特点,本研究对2008 年度采自四川、重庆、湖北、安徽、江苏、河南6 省33 县市的赤霉病穗上分离获得的433 个镰刀菌单孢菌株,用鉴定种和鉴定B 型毒素化学型的特异性引物进行了鉴定分析。致病种检测结果表明,四川病穗检测到Fusarium asiaticum、F. graminearum、F.avenaceum 和F. meridionale 4 个镰刀菌种,重庆、湖北、安徽和江苏病穗检测到F. asiaticum 和F. graminearum 2 个种,河南病穗仅检测到F. graminearum 1 个种。毒素化学型检测结果表明,Nivalenol(NIV)是四川和重庆镰刀菌主要毒素化学型,Deoxynivalenol(DON)是湖北、河南、安徽和江苏镰刀菌主要毒素化学型;将DON 化学型进一步划分为3-AcDON 和15-AcDON 显示,四川、湖北、江苏镰刀菌毒素以3-AcDON 为主,安徽镰刀菌毒素为3-AcDON 和15-AcDON 两者参半,河南镰刀菌全部产生15-AcDON。结果揭示,F. asiaticum 是四川、重庆、湖北和江苏等赤霉病流行麦区的优势致病种;镰刀菌产生的DON 和NIV 毒素化学型存在明显的地域分布,长江上游的麦区以NIV 为优势化学型,长江中下游麦区以DON 为优势化学型;镰刀菌致病种与DON 毒素的化学型间存在一定关系。 相似文献
4.
小麦赤霉病菌多菌灵抗性群体的扩散路径分析——基于致病菌种类及所产毒素化学型鉴定和抗药性检出的时序性 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
通过对江苏、安徽、山东、河南、湖北、河北和四川7省小麦赤霉病菌对多菌灵抗性及敏感菌株Fusarium asiaticum和F.graminearum的鉴定、所产生毒素的化学型及多菌灵抗性菌株检出时序性的分析,初步推测了小麦赤霉病菌对多菌灵抗性群体在中国麦区的扩散路径。结果表明:江淮流域的江苏、安徽、湖北3省和四川省小麦赤霉病菌对多菌灵的抗性或敏感菌株优势群体均是F.asiaticum,而黄淮流域的山东、河南2省及河北省小麦赤霉病菌对多菌灵的敏感菌株优势群体为F.graminearum,抗性菌株优势群体则为F.asiaticum。江苏、安徽、山东和河南抗多菌灵菌株F.asiaticum产生毒素的化学型为3-AcDON和NIV,并以3-AcDON为主。江苏省连续使用多菌灵防治小麦赤霉病长达20多年后才检测到田间抗性菌株,而近年来检测到田间抗性菌株的山东、河南2省用多菌灵防治赤霉病的历史较短,且为偶尔使用,药剂的选择压力相对较小,因此推测山东和河南麦区出现的小麦赤霉病菌抗多菌灵菌株可能是通过种子调运及联合收割机跨区作业等方式从抗药性发生较早的江淮麦区流入的。 相似文献
5.
小麦赤霉病病菌抗药性研究进展 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
小麦赤霉病(Fusarium Head Blight,FHB)是一种世界性病害,也是我国小麦生产中主要病害之一,由镰刀菌属(Fusarium spp.)真菌引起的。其中最主要的是禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum)。小麦赤霉病不仅导致减产,而且病原菌产生毒素降低了小麦的品质,危害人、畜的健康。防治小麦赤霉病主要在小麦扬花期进行化学防治,但是药剂防治使病原菌产生了严重的抗药性。本文综述了小麦赤霉病抗药性的国内外研究进展,主要介绍了赤霉病抗药性发生现状、抗药性机制和抗药性治理,对小麦赤霉病的高效防治、减少或延缓抗药性的发生以及对抗药性的治理具有重要的理论和现实意义。 相似文献
6.
为挖掘新型药剂的潜在靶标,利用靶向基因敲除和互补技术研究赤霉病病原菌禾谷镰刀菌Fusarium graminearum中必需氨基酸亮氨酸合成酶编码基因FgLEU1的功能,并测定禾谷镰刀菌的生物学表型。结果表明,FgLEU1编码亮氨酸合成途径中的3-异丙基苹果酸脱水酶,其敲除突变体表现亮氨酸营养缺陷。生物学表型测定结果显示,与野生型菌株相比,FgLEU1敲除突变体的产孢量和孢子萌发率显著下降,产孢量仅为野生型菌株的20.96%,培养4 h后孢子萌发率下降了49.45%,且合成脱氧雪腐镰刀烯醇（呕吐毒素）能力丧失,在麦穗上的致病力下降,仅能侵染接种小穗,赤霉病症状不能扩展。外源添加一定量的亮氨酸、FgLeu1催化产物或导入含启动子的全长FgLEU1基因可以恢复敲除突变体表型缺陷。表明FgLEU1基因在禾谷镰刀菌亮氨酸合成、菌丝孢子形成及产毒致病过程中发挥着重要作用,可作为新型安全杀菌剂的潜在研发靶标,用于持续有效控制麦类赤霉病和镰刀菌毒素。 相似文献
7.
小麦赤霉病菌拮抗菌筛选及最适培养条件初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
<正>小麦赤霉病(Fusarium head blight)是我国小麦生产上最重要的真菌病害之一。已有的研究表明,在我国其致病菌的优势种主要为Fusarium graminearum和F. asiaticum。此病害具有爆发速度快、流行范围广等特点[1,2],而且其致病菌还可产生脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol, DON)和玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenone, ZEN)等毒素,人畜吃过会产生不同程度的中毒反应[3]。目前小麦 相似文献
8.
由禾谷镰刀菌Fusarium graminearum引起的小麦赤霉病（Fusarium head blight,FHB）是小麦、大麦、燕麦、黑麦等禾谷类作物的毁灭性病害。目前,生产上防治小麦赤霉病主要依靠化学药剂防治,多菌灵等苯并咪唑类杀菌剂使用较为广泛,其作用靶标为β微管蛋白。禾谷镰刀菌有2个β微管蛋白,通过分子对接结果发现β2微管蛋白第138位氨基酸位点可能为多菌灵结合位点。本研究对β2第138位丝氨酸位点进行突变研究,以明晰其生物学功能。结果表明Fgβ2S138A突变后禾谷镰刀菌对多菌灵的敏感性显著增加,EC50值由0.617 mg/L降至0.290 mg/L,但不影响对噻菌灵的敏感性,EC50值为0.950 mg/L左右,并且该突变不影响禾谷镰刀菌菌丝营养生长、无性繁殖、有性生殖和致病性。本研究结果可为多菌灵对小麦赤霉病的化学防治提供理论基础,在生产上具有一定指导意义。 相似文献
9.
麦类禾谷镰刀菌致病性鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
江苏各地禾谷镰刀菌菌株间的致病力有强弱的不同,小麦品种对江苏禾谷镰刀菌菌株的抗病性也有强弱不同,但无一品种免疫。江苏各地禾谷镰刀菌菌株的致病力和品种的抗病性都没有特异性差异,所以,还不能认为江苏的禾谷镰刀菌有不同的生理小种存在。建议在江苏可以当地毒性较强的菌株作为麦类赤霉病抗病性鉴定的对象。 相似文献
10.
为明确江苏省水稻赤霉病的病原菌组成及致病特征,于2018—2019年从江苏省13个市41个县区采集341份水稻样品,采用组织分离法对病原菌进行分离纯化,基于翻译延伸因子（translationelongation factor-1α,TEF-1α）序列分析对分离菌株进行鉴定,通过TRI11基因序列鉴定及产毒力测定对其产毒化学型进行分析,并按照柯赫氏法则对其致病力进行验证。结果显示,从水稻样品中共分离获得病原菌392株,其中亚洲镰刀菌Fusarium asiaticum为385株,禾谷镰刀菌F. graminearum为7株。亚洲镰刀菌分为3-乙酰化脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（3-acetyldeoxynivalenol,3ADON）化学型和雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（nivalenol,NIV）化学型菌株,分别占亚洲镰刀菌总菌株数的 66.8% 和 33.2%;禾谷镰刀菌均为（15-acetyldeoxynivalenol,15ADON）化学型。产3ADON的亚洲镰刀菌在全省范围内为优势群体,而产15ADON的禾谷镰刀菌仅在淮北地区被发现;产NIV的亚洲镰刀菌对水稻的致病性要显著高于产3ADON的亚洲镰刀菌。不同产毒化学型亚洲镰刀菌对水稻均有一定致病性,但NIV化学型亚洲镰刀菌对水稻的致病力最强。 相似文献
11.
B. Qu H. P. Li J. B. Zhang Y. B. Xu T. Huang A. B. Wu C. S. Zhao J. Carter P. Nicholson Y. C. Liao 《Plant pathology》2008,57(1):15-24
A large number of Fusarium graminearum and F. asiaticum isolates were collected from wheat spikes from all regions in China with a history of fusarium head blight (FHB) epidemics. Isolates were analysed to investigate their genetic diversity and geographic distribution. Sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) analyses of 437 isolates resolved both species, with 21% being F. graminearum (SCAR type 1) and 79% being F. asiaticum (SCAR type 5). AFLP profiles clearly resolved two groups, A and B, that were completely congruent with both species. However, more diversity was detected by AFLP, revealing several subgroups within each group. In many cases, even for isolates from the same district, AFLP haplotypes differed markedly. Phylogenetic analyses of multilocus DNA sequence data indicated that all isolates of SCAR type 1, AFLP group A were F. graminearum , whilst isolates of SCAR type 5, AFLP group B were F. asiaticum , demonstrating that it is an efficient method for differentiating these two species. Both species seem to have different geographic distributions within China. Fusarium graminearum was mainly obtained from wheat growing in the cooler regions where the annual average temperature was 15°C or lower. In contrast, the vast majority of F. asiaticum isolates were collected from wheat growing in the warmer regions where the annual average temperature is above 15°C and where FHB epidemics occur most frequently. This is the first report of the distribution of, and genetic diversity within, F. graminearum and F. asiaticum on wheat spikes throughout China. 相似文献
12.
We report on a large gene bank of Fusarium isolates established by a broad survey conducted in 2005 in which infected barley ears were collected in 23 counties of seven provinces and two municipalities along the Yangtze River in China. In total, 1,894 single spore isolates were obtained. The isolates were characterized at the species level by a newly developed and robust set of diagnostic primers based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among members of the F. graminearum clade. In addition, we determined their chemotype using previously described polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers. The results showed that in all regions F. asiaticum was the predominant species causing Fusarium head blight (FHB) on barley in China (N = 1,706), while in the upper valleys of the Yangtze River also F. graminearum sensu stricto, F. meridionale, and F. proliferatum were found. Major differences in the chemotypes were found in the F. asiaticum populations, from very high to exclusive nivalenol (NIV) chemotypes in the mountainous upper valleys of the Yangtze River to predominantly deoxynivalenol (DON) chemotypes in the middle and lower valleys. In contrast to the F. asiaticum isolates from three counties in Sichuan province, which were largely NIV producers (278 of 291), F. graminearum isolates from these sampling sites were for the vast majority (27 of 28) DON producers, indicating that despite sharing the same habitat, these sympatric species apparently have unique mycotoxin chemotypes. 相似文献
13.
B. Qu H. P. Li J. B. Zhang T. Huang J. Carter Y. C. Liao P. Nicholson 《Plant pathology》2008,57(4):642-651
The genetic diversity and pathogenicity of isolates of Fusarium graminearum and F. asiaticum isolated from wheat heads in China were examined and compared with those of isolates of F. graminearum , F. asiaticum and F. meridionale from Europe, USA and Nepal. Genetic diversity was assessed by SSCP (single strand conformation polymorphism) and AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) analysis and by molecular chemotyping. SSCP analysis of the Fg16F/Fg16R PCR amplicon differentiated F. graminearum , F. asiaticum and F. meridionale and revealed three haplotypes among sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) type 1 F. graminearum isolates. AFLP analysis showed a high level of genetic diversity and clustered the majority of Chinese isolates in one group along with other isolates of Asian origin. The second cluster contained F. graminearum isolates from China, Europe and the USA. Of the Chinese isolates, 79% were F. asiaticum and 81% of these were of the 3-AcDON chemotype, with only 9·5% of either chemotype 15-AcDON or NIV. All the Chinese and USA isolates of F. graminearum were 15-AcDON, whereas among the isolates from Europe, 21% were NIV and 8% were 3-AcDON chemotype. No evidence was found for possible differences in aggressiveness between F. graminearum and F. asiaticum . Highly aggressive isolates were present in each region and no evidence was found for any association between aggressiveness and geographical origin or chemotype among the isolates examined. No difference was observed in pathogenicity towards wheat seedlings between Chinese isolates and those from Europe, the USA or Nepal. 相似文献
14.
ABSTRACT Fusarium graminearum causes Fusarium head blight (FHB) in small grains worldwide. Although primarily a pathogen of cereals, it also can infect noncereal crops such as potato and sugar beet in the United States. We used a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method based on intergenic sequences specific to the trichodiene synthase gene (Tri5) from F. graminearum. TaqMan probe and primers were designed and used to estimate DNA content of the pathogen (FgDNA) in the susceptible wheat cv. Grandin after inoculation with the 21 isolates of F. graminearum collected from potato, sugar beet, and wheat. The presence of nine mycotoxins was analyzed in the inoculated wheat heads by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. All isolates contained the Tri5 gene and were virulent to cv. Grandin. Isolates of F. graminearum differed significantly in virulence (expressed as disease severity), FgDNA content, and mycotoxin accumulation. Potato isolates showed greater variability in producing different mycotoxins than sugar beet and wheat isolates. Correlation analysis showed a significant (P < 0.001) positive relationship between FgDNA content and FHB severity or deoxynivalenol (DON) production. Moreover, a significant (P < 0.001) positive correlation between FHB severity and DON content was observed. Our findings revealed that F. graminearum causing potato dry rot and sugar beet decay could be potential sources of inoculum for FHB epidemics in wheat. Real-time PCR assay provides sensitive and accurate quantification of F. graminearum in wheat and can be useful for monitoring the colonization of wheat grains by F. graminearum in controlled environments, and evaluating wheat germplasms for resistance to FHB. 相似文献
15.
Suga H Karugia GW Ward T Gale LR Tomimura K Nakajima T Miyasaka A Koizumi S Kageyama K Hyakumachi M 《Phytopathology》2008,98(2):159-166
Members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex are important cereal pathogens worldwide and belong to one of at least nine phylogenetically distinct species. We examined 298 strains of the F. graminearum species complex collected from wheat or barley in Japan to determine the species and trichothecene chemotype. Phylogenetic analyses and species-diagnostic polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLPs) revealed the presence and differential distribution of F. graminearum sensu stricto (s. str.) and F. asiaticum in Japan. F. graminearum s. str. is predominant in the north, especially in the Hokkaido area, while F. asiaticum is predominant in southern regions. In the Tohoku area, these species co-occurred. Trichothecene chemotyping of all strains by multiplex PCR revealed significantly different chemotype compositions of these species. All 50 strains of F. graminearum s. str. were of a 15- or 3-acetyl deoxynivalenol type, while 173 (70%) out of 246 strains of F. asiaticum were of a nivalenol type. The possibility of gene flow between the two species was investigated by use of 15 PCR-RFLP markers developed in this study. However, no obvious hybrids were detected from 98 strains examined, including strains collected from regions where both species co-occur. 相似文献
16.
玉米赤霉烯酮（zearalenone,ZEN）是由镰孢菌产生的真菌毒素,该毒素具有雌性激素生物活性。PKS4基因是禾谷镰孢菌中玉米赤霉烯酮生物合成途径中的必需基因。根据PKS4基因序列,设计一对PKS4基因特异性引物,通过检测PKS4基因的存在间接检测ZEN毒素的产生。特异引物在禾谷镰孢菌菌株以及被禾谷镰孢菌侵染的小麦籽粒中都能稳定地扩增出大小为1 076 bp的特异片段,扩增片段与PKS4基因（DQ019316）相同区段序列相似性达99.63%。同时,酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）验证了PCR的检测结果,证明了该技术的可靠性。 相似文献
17.
BACKGROUND: Carbendazim (MBC) has failed to control wheat scab, caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe, on the eastern coast of China in recent years after about 30 years of application. RESULTS: MBC resistance was found to be common in pathogen populations on the eastern coast and along areas of the Yangtze River. EC(50) and minimum inhibitive concentration (MIC) values of MBC inhibiting mycelium growth of wild-type isolates were less than 0.9 and 1.4 microg mL(-1) respectively, while EC(50) values of resistant collections averaged 7.02 +/- 11.86 microg mL(-1). The slope of the MBC dosage-response curve (DRC) for resistant isolates of F. graminearum was flat: 1 < b < 2.8 for resistant isolates and 3.5 < b < 11 for sensitive isolates). Both field resistant and sensitive MBC strains shared similar temperature sensitivity, fitness and virulence on ears. Field resistant strains and UV-induced mutants showed positive cross-resistance to other benzimidazole derivatives and were mainly at intermediate MBC resistance level. Highly resistant field MBC strains rarely appeared, but only some of the highly resistant MBC UV mutants were insensitive to N-phenylaminecarbamates. No mutation in beta-tubulin was found in F. graminearum, in contrast to mutation in this tubulin which has led to MBC resistance in other plant pathogens. CONCLUSION: MBC(R) isolates have high fitness and competition in field, conferred by a novel molecular mechanism. 相似文献