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日粮精料水平对玉米秸瘤胃降解率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
<正>日粮中精料水平的高低对反刍动物瘤胃的消化能力及日粮的利用率有较大的影响。本试验旨在探讨不同的精料添加水平下试验绵羊对玉米秸的瘤胃降解率,揭示精料添加水平与粗料瘤胃降解率的关系,为日粮合理利用提供理论依据和参考。 相似文献
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精料水平与秸秆氨化对绵羊瘤胃纤维降解的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用6×6拉丁方设计方法,研究了日粮精料水平与秸秆氨化对绵羊瘤胃纤维降解的影响。以氨化与未氨化小麦秸样本瘤胃培养48小时的尼龙袋干物质消失率(ISDMD)作为瘤胃纤维降解程度的度量指标。对瘤胃 PH、VFA 与 NH_3—N浓度等瘤胃参数进行了测定。结果表明,随日粮精料水平的提高,绵羊瘤胃纤维降解程度下降。其中,精料水平由30％提高到50％没有明显下降(P>0.05),而精料水平由50％提高到70％显著下降(P<0.05)。在同一瘤胃环境中培养的氨化麦秸样本 ISDMD 总是明显高于未氨化麦秸样本。在相同精料水平下,饲喂氨化麦秸日粮的绵羊瘤胃纤维降解程度低于饲喂未氨化麦秸粮的动物。对瘤胃纤维降解与瘤胃参数变化的关系进行了讨论。 相似文献
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瘤胃灌注大豆寡糖对绵羊消化道内营养物质流通与消化的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用连续饲喂和瘤胃连续灌注法,研究了大豆寡糖（SBOS）对绵羊消化道内营养物质流通与消化的影响。将9只安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管、十二指肠瘘管和回肠瘘管的内蒙古半细毛羯羊分为3组。试验1组每天通过瘤胃连续灌注占基础日粮风干物质0.6%的SBOS;试验2组灌注占基础日粮风干物质1.2%的SBOS;对照组不灌注SBOS。结果表明：（1）灌注SBOS提高了瘤胃液相食糜流通速率、瘤胃食糜氮流通量、瘤胃微生物氮和十二指肠MN流通量;（2）瘤胃灌注1.2%的SBOS降低了DM、OM、ADF、NDF在十二指肠、回肠、直肠的流通量（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,提高了它们在胃区、大肠中以及整个消化道的消化率（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,提高了CP在小肠中的消化率（P〈0.05）,而瘤胃灌注0.6%的SBOS组与对照组相比,各项测定指标差异不显著。 相似文献
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本实验根据育肥羊营养配方，在机械性能良好，饲料配方准确的情况下，研究了麦秸、玉米秸、苜蓿之间不同比例的粗饲料组合与精料之间不同配比的组合效应，通过Menke的体外瘤胃发酵体系，测定不同底物的0、1、2、4、8、12、24体外产气量（GP），从瘤胃消化降解层面上探讨饲草型全混日粮对绵羊体外产气量的影响，以产气量为指标评定了混合日粮的发酵特性，进而筛选出最佳配比的全混日粮。结果表明：精粗比不同时，玉米秸十苜蓿＋精料的配比产气量最高，小麦秸＋苜蓿＋精料的配比产气量较低；通过综合比较，玉米秸：苜蓿：精料=3：1：6产气量最高，为最佳配比。 相似文献
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小麦秸在绵羊和山羊瘤胃内降解的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
研究小麦秸DM、NDF和ADF在绵羊和山羊瘤胃内降解率、降解参数的异同。选择体况良好、体重30～35 kg小尾寒羊与蒙古羊杂交的绵羊及内蒙古白绒山羊各3只,试验动物均为羯羊并安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管。用尼龙袋法比较研究了小麦秸在两羊种瘤胃内降解率、动态降解参数的异同。结果表明:①绵羊对小麦秸DM、NDF和ADF的有效降解率(ED)均显著高于山羊(分别为29.27 vs23.53,24.01 vs17.98和28.25 vs22.43)(P<0.01);②小麦秸DM和ADF快速降解部分a、慢速降解部分b及潜在可降解部分(a+b)的值山羊相对绵羊有增加的趋势(P>0.1);③DM、NDF和ADF慢速降解部分的降解速率c两羊种无显著差异(P>0.05)。通过研究得出,小麦秸DM、NDF和ADF在绵羊和山羊瘤胃内的降解率不同,绵羊的降解能力比山羊强,这可能与两羊种瘤胃发酵模式、食糜滞留时间、瘤胃微生物区系的差异有关。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究不同类农作物秸秆在肉羊瘤胃中的降解规律,以3头安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的杜×寒肉用绵公羊为试验动物,以青贮玉米秸为对照材料,采用半体内尼龙袋法对不同产地的6类19个秸秆样品干物质(DM)和中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的降解率和降解参数进行测定。结果表明:秸秆DM和NDF的瘤胃降解规律相近,48 h后趋于稳定,72 h消失率和有效降解率(ED)最高的为藤蔓类的地瓜秧和花生秧,接近青贮玉米秸,玉米秸、大豆秸和稻草秸较低,小麦秸最低(P0.05);DM和NDF有效降解率与粗蛋白质(CP)、NDF和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的相关性较强(P0.01),拟合方程分别为DMD=0.9900+0.3270 CP-0.8099 NDF-0.1880 ADF(R~2=0.8860,P0.0001)、NDFD=0.5111+0.3833 CP-0.1519 NDF-0.3963 ADF(R~2=0.7585,P0.0001)。地瓜秧和花生秧在瘤胃中降解快,可作为肉羊较好的饲料来源,而玉米秸、大豆秸、稻草秸和小麦秸在瘤胃中降解效果较差。 相似文献
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《中国畜牧杂志》2016,(3)
本研究旨在通过对绵羊投喂益康XP和YC1 2种酵母培养物(YC),比较两者对绵羊消化道内营养物质流通与消化的影响。选用9只装有永久性瘤胃瘘管、十二指肠瘘管和回肠瘘管的1周岁小尾寒羊半同胞公羊,按试验要求随机分为3组,每组3个重复,Ⅰ组为对照组,Ⅱ组投喂1.5%YC1,Ⅲ组投喂2%益康XP。结果表明:2种YC均降低了瘤胃液相流通速率、瘤胃液相体积以及滞留时间和干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)在直肠的流通量(P0.05),益康XP降低了ADF在直肠的流通量(P0.05);2种YC均提高了瘤胃MN流通量和十二指肠N的流通量,以及DM、0M、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)在全消化道的表观消化率(P0.05),YC1提高了CP在小肠的表观消化率(P0.05)。结果提示,YC是通过提高营养物质在小肠的表现消化率,从而提高全消化道表观消化率。 相似文献
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不同日粮类型对杜泊羊瘤胃pH、氨态氮和挥发性脂肪酸浓度的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国畜牧杂志》2017,(3)
本试验旨在研究玉米-羊草型(MLC)、小麦-羊草型(WLC)、玉米-地瓜秧型(MSP)和小麦-地瓜秧型(WSP)4种类型日粮对杜泊羊瘤胃发酵的影响。选用4头体重相近(55.10±1.24)kg、安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的健康杜泊羊为试验动物,采用2×2析因设计,4×4拉丁方饲喂方式,连续进行4期动物试验,每期试验18 d,预试期12 d,正试期6 d。结果表明:适应性试验表明,突然更换日粮后,玉米组pH在第6天恢复到日粮更换前水平,而小麦组在第7天恢复到日粮更换前水平;玉米羊草组氨态氮(NH_3-N)浓度在第7天回升到日粮更换前水平,其余三组均在第8天回升到更换前水平。各处理间pH差异显著(P0.05),杜泊羊采食后8 h内,羊草组pH显著高于地瓜秧组(P0.05);各处理间瘤胃液NH_3-N浓度差异显著(P0.05),杜泊羊采食后6 h内,小麦组显著高于玉米组(P0.05);各组间总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)浓度差异显著(P0.05),且有交互作用;小麦组的乙酸浓度显著高于玉米组(P0.05),4组的丙酸、丁酸、戊酸浓度存在显著差异,地瓜秧组显著高于羊草组(P0.05);而玉米组的异戊酸浓度显著高于小麦组(P0.05);羊草组乙酸/丙酸比值显著高于地瓜秧组(P0.05)。由此可见,小麦型日粮可获得较高的NH_3-N浓度,而玉米型日粮可获得较高的乙酸和异戊酸浓度;羊草型日粮可获得较高的瘤胃pH和乙酸/丙酸比值,而地瓜秧型日粮可获得较高的丙酸、丁酸、戊酸的浓度,TVFA浓度受精料和粗饲料的共同影响。 相似文献
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Roughage sources were compared in flaked milo-based diets that contained 35% chopped alfalfa hay (AH, control diet) or with cottonseed hulls (CSH) or chopped wheat straw (WS) replacing half the AH. Latin square experiments were used to measure total tract digestion coefficients, particulate passage rates (rare earths), liquid turnover rates (Co-EDTA), and rumination time in six growing steers (Exp. 1) and in situ digestion of DM and NDF, ruminal pH and ruminal DM distribution in three mature, ruminally cannulated steers (Exp. 2). Rates of passage from Exp. 1 and rates and extents of digestion from Exp. 2 were used to calculate apparent extent of ruminal digestion (AED). In Exp. 1, total tract digestibilities of DM and NDF were lower (P less than .05) by 7 and 22%, respectively, when CSH, but not WS, were included in the diet. Digestibility of cell solubles was not different (P greater than .10) among diets. Inclusion of WS increased (P less than .10) rumination time by 36%, and CSH increased intake (P less than .10) by 17% over the control diet. In Exp. 2, there tended to be (P less than .20) increased in situ digestion of milo and AH in the WS diet. Measures of ruminal pH were similar for all diets. The AED for AH and milo DM and NDF, and the proportion of total tract NDF digestion occurring in the rumen (50, 47 and 62% for control, CSH and WS diets, respectively), were highest (P less than .05) for the WS diet. This resulted in similar total tract digestibilities for the WS and AH diets. The two low-digestibility roughages had different effects at this concentrate level; wheat straw enhanced apparent extent of ruminal digestion for NDF of other ingredients in the mixed diets, but cottonseed hulls did not. 相似文献
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The objective of this study was to determine the effects of soybean meal (SBM) or spray-dried blood meal (BM) supplementation of diets based on untreated (UNT-WS) or alkaline hydrogen peroxide-treated wheat straw (AHP-WS). A 4 x 4 Latin square design with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was used. Variables included nutrient digestion and flow to the duodenum. Four Simmental steers (average weight 477 kg) fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were fed 65% UNT-WS or AHP-WS based diets in 12 equal portions daily. Diets were formulated to contain 10% CP. Chromic oxide was used as the digesta flow marker and purines were used as the microbial marker. There were no straw type x protein source interactions. Total tract and ruminal OM digestibility were approximately 25% greater (P < .04) when AHP-WS was fed than when UNT-WS was fed. Source of protein did not affect (P > .10) OM or fiber digestion in the rumen or total tract. Ruminal digestion of NDF and ADF was increased (P < .01) by 51 and 40%, respectively, when AHP-WS was fed than when UNT-WS was fed. Main effect means (P > .10) for N flow to the duodenum as a percentage of N intake were 128.2, 142.5, 133.4, and 137.6 for UNT-WS, AHP-WS, SBM, and BM treatments, respectively. Despite increased (P < .01) ruminal OM digestion for AHP-WS, microbial N flow to the duodenum was greater (P < .01) when UNT-WS was fed than when APH-WS was fed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
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The particulate passage rate,nutrient composition and fermentation characteristics across gastrointestinal tracts in lactating dairy cows fed three different forage source diets 
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下载免费PDF全文 B. Wang F. F. Gu X. B. Huang J. X. Liu 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(4):861-868
This study was conducted to investigate the particulate passage rate, nutrient characteristics and fermentation parameters across the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in lactating dairy cows fed cereal straws in comparison with alfalfa hay. Eighteen multiparous Holstein cows were randomly assigned to one of three experimental diets consisting of 55% concentrate, 15% corn silage and 30% different forage sources as follows (% of dry matter [DM]): (i) 23% alfalfa hay and 7% Chinese wild rye hay (AH); (ii) 30% corn stover (CS); and (iii) 30% rice straw (RS). The Cr‐mordanted corn silage‐neutral detergent fibre was used to estimate the passage flow at week 14. After 14‐week feeding, the animals were slaughtered to collect the gastrointestinal digesta. Dietary forage sources had little effect on the fractional passage rates in the rumen (range from 5.05 to 6.25%/hr) or hindgut (range from 4.49 to 5.24%/hr). Total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration in the caecum was highest, followed by the rumen, colon and rectum, and the lowest in the abomasum and duodenum, indicating that the large intestines, especially caecum, are the important positions for carbohydrate degradation. Greater proportion of propionate and butyrate and lower acetate were found in the AH compared to CS or RS in colon, but higher acetate in abomasum was found in the cows fed CS or RS compared to AH. In conclusion, cereal straw diets did not change the particulate passage rate in the rumen and hindgut which might be mainly due to the similar DM intake among these three diets. Different forage source diets significantly changed VFA proportion in the abomasum and colon, indicating the existence of different digestion or absorption rates in these tracts among the experimental diets. 相似文献
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Duodenal bacterial and nonbacterial protein supply in steers fed forage and grain diets 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Four beef steers (avg wt 300 kg) fitted with duodenal re-entrant cannulae were used to study the effect of dietary concentrate to forage ratio on bacterial and nonbacterial N flow in the duodenum. According to a change-over design, the steers were designated to receive an all forage (83% alfalfa hay and 17% wheat straw) and an 80% sorghum grain diet. Lignin (ADL) and chromium oxide (Cr2O3) ratio techniques were compared with automated total collection (ATC) of digesta for quantitating duodenal protein flow and efficiency of bacterial N yield in the rumen. Estimates of bacterial protein synthesis and ruminal escape of feed protein based on Cr2O3 and lignin tended to be higher by 8 to 16% than those obtained by ATC. Efficiency of ruminal bacterial protein yield estimated by these two markers tended to be greater than that based on ATC (16 vs 12 g of bacterial protein/100 g ruminal true digestion of dry matter corrected for bacterial cell synthesis). Efficiency values did not differ between diets. Crude protein flow into the duodenum was about 33% greater (P less than .01) for the grain than the forage diet, although protein intake was about 10% less on the grain diet. Duodenal bacterial protein, rather than feed protein escaping ruminal degradation, accounted for most of this difference. Average duodenal flow of N, expressed as g/Mcal metabolizable energy (ME) intake, was 11.9 for the forage diet and 10.3 for the grain diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
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本试验旨在用套算法和插值法测定与估测肉用绵羊花生秧有效能值,确定替代法中饲粮中适宜花生秧替代比例,为单一秸秆饲料有效能值的测定与估测提供方法学上的参考。选用体重为(45.00±1.96)kg的体况良好的杜泊×小尾寒羊F1肉用成年羯羊54只,采用随机区组设计,分为9组,饲粮分别为基础饲粮、全花生秧饲粮和分别以10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%花生秧替代基础饲粮的试验饲粮,每组6个重复,每个重复1只羊。预试期10 d,正试期9 d,其中气体代谢试验3 d,消化代谢试验6 d。结果表明:1)全花生秧饲粮组花生秧干物质(DM)表观消化率与20%、30%、40%组间差异不显著(P0.05),显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。全花生秧饲粮组花生秧有机物(OM)表观消化率与20%组差异不显著(P0.05),但显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。全花生秧饲粮组花生秧总能(GE)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、粗脂肪(EE)表观消化率显著高于10%组(P0.05),粗蛋白质(CP)表观消化率显著低于10%组(P0.05),与其他各组间差异不显著(P0.05)。2)花生秧消化能(DE)、代谢能(ME)均具有相同的规律,即全花生秧饲粮组DE、ME(8.57、6.69 MJ/kg DM)与20%(8.22、6.58 M J/kg DM)、30%(8.02、6.50 M J/kg DM)、40%组(8.10、6.52 M J/kg DM)差异不显著(P0.05),但显著高于其他组(P0.05)。3)插值法求得花生秧M E"真值"为6.62 M J/kg DM,接近于套算法得到的花生秧ME。综合得出,套算法可以用于肉用绵羊估测花生秧(单一粗饲料)的DE和M E;用套算法测定花生秧秸秆类粗饲料有效能值,其在饲粮中的适宜替代比例为20%~40%。 相似文献
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NaOH treated (T) or untreated (UT) barley straws were supplemented either with protein (P) or with concentrates based on maize (M) or beet pulp (BP), the two last at rates of 25 and 50% of the diet. Each of the 10 diets was fed to two sheep ad libitum. Two diets were also fed at limited intakes. For these 12 diets in sacco cellulolytic activity in the rumen and ruminal fermentation were measured. Cellulolytic activity was measured with the studied straws, so that their digestion rate was also determined. NaOH treatment increased rate of digestion of straw, while high levels of concentrates decreased it. In contrast NaOH treatment and high levels of concentrate decreased cellulolytic activity but neither type of concentrate nor limitation of intake altered it. NaOH treatment only slightly modified pH because a higher level of VFA in rumen balanced NaOH presence. An important negative effect on pH of high levels of concentrate was observed, but there was no effect or type of concentrate or limitation of intake. Fermentation pattern was only slightly influenced by studied factors: +2.2 units of butyric acid and -2.1 units of acetic acid with treated straw; lower level of acetic acid occurred when concentrate was increased, especially for maize. Limitation of intake increased acetic acid molar proportion. 相似文献
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Eight wether lambs fitted with ruminal, duodenal, and ileal cannulas were used in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square design to study the effects of carbohydrate and protein sources on ruminal protein metabolism and carbohydrate fermentation and intestinal amino acid (AA) absorption. Treatments were arranged as a 2 x 2 factorial. Carbohydrate sources were corn and barley; protein sources were soybean meal (SBM) and fish meal (FM). Diets contained 15.5% CP, of which 40% was supplied by SBM or FM. Corn or barley provided 39% of dietary DM that contained equal amounts of grass hay and wheat straw. Fish meal diets produced a lower (P less than .05) ruminal NH3 concentration and resulted in less CP degradation and bacterial protein flow to the duodenum than did SBM diets. Replacing SBM with FM increased (P less than .05) ruminal digestion of all fiber fractions. In addition, cellulose and hemicellulose digestibilities in the rumen tended to increase (P greater than .05) when barley replaced corn in the FM diets. Carbohydrate x protein interactions (P less than .05) were observed for OM digestion in the rumen and AA absorption in the small intestine (percentage of AA entering); these interactions were highest for the barley-FM diet. These results suggest that feeding FM with barley, which is high in both degradable carbohydrate and protein, might benefit ruminants more than feeding FM with corn, which is high in degradable carbohydrate but relatively low in degradable protein. 相似文献
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Amino acid profiles of rumen undegradable protein: a comparison between forages including cereal straws and alfalfa and their respective total mixed rations 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 B. Wang L. S. Jiang J. X. Liu 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(3):601-610
Optimizing the amino acid (AA) profile of rumen undegradable protein (RUP) can positively affect the amount of milk protein. This study was conducted to improve knowledge regarding the AA profile of rumen undegradable protein from corn stover, rice straw and alfalfa hay as well as the total mixed ratio diets (TMR) based on one of them as forage source [forage‐to‐concentrate ratio of 45:55 (30% of corn stover (CS), 30% of rice straw (RS), 23% of alfalfa hay (AH) and dry matter basis)]. The other ingredients in the three TMR diets were similar. The RUP of all the forages and diets was estimated by incubation for 16 hr in the rumen of three ruminally cannulated lactating cows. All residues were corrected for microbial colonization, which was necessary in determining the AA composition of RUP from feed samples using in situ method. Compared with their original AA composition, the AA pattern of forages and forage‐based diets changed drastically after rumen exposure. In addition, the extent of ruminal degradation of analysed AA was not constant among the forages. The greatest individual AA degradability of alfalfa hay and corn stover was Pro, but was His of rice straw. A remarkable difference was observed between microbial attachment corrected and uncorrected AA profiles of RUP, except for alfalfa hay and His in the three forages and TMR diets. The ruminal AA degradability of cereal straws was altered compared with alfalfa hay but not for the TMR diets. In summary, the AA composition of forages and TMR‐based diets changed significantly after ruminal exposure, indicating that the original AA profiles of the feed cannot represent its AA composition of RUP. The AA profile of RUP and ruminal AA degradability for corn stover and rice straw contributed to missing information in the field. 相似文献
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R A Zinn 《Journal of animal science》1991,69(3):905-916
A feedlot growth-performance trial involving 64 yearling steers and a metabolism trial involving four steers with cannulas in the rumen, proximal duodenum, and distal ileum were conducted to evaluate the comparative feeding value of steam-flaked corn (SFC, density = .30 kg/liter) and sorghum (SFS, density = .36 kg/liter) in finishing diets supplemented with or without .75% sodium bicarbonate (BICARB). No interactions between BICARB and grain type proved to be significant. Supplemental BICARB increased ADG 5.9% (P less than .10) and DMI 4.6% (P less than .05) but did not influence (P greater than .10) the NE value of the diet. Supplemental BICARB increased ruminal pH (P less than .01) and total tract fiber digestion (P less than .05). Differences in ruminal and total tract OM, starch, and N digestion were small (P greater than .10). Replacing SFC with SFS decreased (P less than .05) ADG 6.1% and increased (P less than .01) DMI/gain 9.7%. Corresponding diet NEm and NEg were decreased (P less than .01) 7.0 and 9.3%, respectively. Ruminal digestion of OM and starch tended to be lower (11.8 and 7.2%, respectively, P less than .10) for SFS. Ruminal degradation of feed N was 31% lower (P less than .05) for the SFS diets. Total tract digestibility of OM, N, DE, and ME were 3.3, 10.8, 4.4, and 5.5% lower (P less than .05), respectively, for the SFS vs SFC diets. In conclusion, 1) SFS had 92% the NEm of SFC; 2) differences in total tract starch digestibility were small and cannot explain the higher feeding value of SFC; 3) the low ruminal degradation of sorghum N (roughly 20%) should be considered in diet formulation to avoid a deficit in ruminally available N; and 4) .75% BICARB supplementation increased DMI and ADG of cattle fed highly processed grain-based diets. 相似文献