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1.
外源有机碳和温度对土壤有机碳分解的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
《土壤通报》2015,(4):916-922
研究凋落物等外源有机碳输入和温度变化对土壤有机碳分解的影响对我们深入理解森林土壤碳动态具有非常重要的意义。以亚热带天然次生林和杉木人工林土壤为研究对象,向土壤中添加13C标记的杉木凋落物和葡萄糖,研究不同温度下外源有机碳添加对原有土壤有机碳(SOC)分解的影响。结果显示:外源有机碳添加使原有SOC分解速率显著提高,表现出显著的正激发效应。葡萄糖引发的激发效应强度显著高于杉木凋落物,并且杉木人工林土壤的激发效应强度显著高于天然次生林。激发效应强度随着培养温度升高呈下降趋势。此外,由于外源有机碳的加入,SOC分解的温度敏感性显著降低。研究表明:凋落物输入及温度在亚热带森林SOC周转过程中发挥重要作用。 相似文献
2.
为定量揭示温度和秸秆还田对贵州喀斯特黄色石灰土土壤有机碳矿化、激发效应和温度敏感性的影响。以贵州喀斯特地区典型黄色石灰土为研究对象,采用13C稳定性同位素标记的水稻秸秆和土壤培养试验研究了15,25,35 ℃培养温度下土壤原有有机碳矿化速率、累积矿化量、激发效应和温度系数Q10对水稻秸秆输入和温度的响应。结果表明:15~35 ℃温度范围和0~60天培养时间内,贵州喀斯特黄色石灰土土壤有机碳、总有机碳、水稻秸秆有机碳和土壤原有有机碳矿化速率均培养1天达到峰值,培养1~30天土壤总有机碳、水稻秸秆有机碳和土壤原有有机碳矿化速率快速下降,30~60天逐渐趋于平缓。温度升高显著增加土壤有机碳、水稻秸秆输入土壤总有机碳、土壤原有有机碳和输入的水稻秸秆有机碳的矿化速率和累积矿化量。培养期间水稻秸秆对土壤有机碳矿化均产生显著正激发效应,且正激发效应随温度升高而强化。培养结束时15,25,35 ℃下其对土壤原有有机碳矿化速率激发效应表现为随温度升高激发效应升高、降低、升高和先升高后降低的温度响应规律,因表征方法不同而不同。15,25,35 ℃培养温度下水稻秸秆对土壤总有机碳矿化速率和累积矿化量的贡献率均随培养时间延长先减小后增大再减小,但2种表征方法和3个培养温度拐点发生时间不同;培养1天时水稻秸秆对土壤总有机碳矿化速率和累积矿化量的贡献率15,25 ℃基本相同且显著高于35 ℃,5天时25,35 ℃基本相当且显著大于15 ℃,其他时间均是25 ℃显著大于35 ℃和35 ℃显著大于15 ℃。15~25 ℃和25~35 ℃ 2个温度体系中水稻秸秆不输入石灰土土壤有机碳矿化速率温度敏感系数Q10,V分别为1.01~2.60和1.39~3.12,Q10,F分别为1.50~2.60和1.39~2.17;水稻秸秆输入石灰土土壤总有机碳矿化速率温度敏感系数Q10,V分别为1.09~2.18和1.05~1.90,Q10,F分别为1.09~1.73和1.05~1.49;水稻秸秆输入抑制土壤原有有机碳矿化的温度敏感性,水稻秸秆输入导致土壤原有有机碳矿化温度敏感性随温度升高而升高转变为总体上随温度升高而降低在一定程度上可缓冲全球变暖所致的CO2排放增加。温度对土壤有机碳矿化温度敏感性的影响因表征温度敏感性指标和培养时间长短不同而不同,建立不同培养时间的矿化速率和累积矿化量温度敏感系数的温度函数可精确表征其对温度的响应。研究结果对贵州喀斯特农田土壤秸秆还田、土壤固碳减排、土壤有机碳管理和土壤有机碳库预测等提供参考和借鉴,对丰富土壤有机碳激发效应和温度系数Q10的表征和深入理解具有重要意义。 相似文献
3.
长期施肥措施下土壤有机碳矿化特征研究 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
研究长期不同施肥措施下旱作农田土壤有机碳的矿化特征及其温度敏感性可为加深理解土壤碳循环过程提供理论依据。本文以半干旱黄土区粮-豆轮作体系为研究对象,通过两种不同温度(15℃和25℃)的室内培养试验,分析了长期不同施肥措施下土壤有机碳矿化的动力学特征及其温度敏感性。研究结果表明,土壤有机碳矿化速率在培养初期较高,之后缓慢下降。施肥措施和培养温度对土壤有机碳矿化均具有显著影响。与不施肥对照(CK)相比,在15℃培养条件下,长期单施磷肥(P)、氮磷配施(NP)和氮磷有机肥配施(NPM)处理的土壤有机碳累积矿化量(C_(min))分别增加41%、85%和89%,在25℃培养条件下,分别增加7%、46%和77%。另外,与CK处理相比,P、NP和NPM处理土壤有机碳矿化的温度敏感性(Q_(10))分别降低25%、21%和6%。施肥改变了土壤有机碳矿化的动力学参数,其改变程度与施肥种类和培养温度有关。与CK处理相比,在15℃培养条件下,P、NP和NPM处理的土壤潜在矿化有机碳量(C_p)分别增加29%、65%和48%;在25℃培养条件下,NP和NPM处理的C_p分别增加2%和21%,而P处理则减少36%。不同施肥处理土壤有机碳矿化速率常数(k)在15℃培养条件下变化较小,在25℃培养条件下则有较大幅度的增加。在25℃培养条件下,C_(min)和Cp随土壤有机碳和全氮含量的增加而显著增加。可见,长期施肥显著促进了半干旱黄土区粮-豆轮作体系土壤有机碳的矿化,减弱了土壤有机碳矿化的温度敏感性。 相似文献
4.
不同土地利用方式下土壤有机碳矿化及其温度敏感性 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
通过土壤样品的室内培养,分析不同温度(5℃,15℃,25℃和35℃)培养下不同土地利用类型(水田、旱地、茶园、果园和人工林)的土壤有机碳矿化速率的变化规律,并运用双指数模型对土壤有机碳矿化过程进行拟合,探讨土地利用方式对土壤有机碳矿化特征及温度敏感性的影响。结果表明:(1)相同温度下,不同土地利用类型的土壤有机碳矿化累积释放量大小为人工林果园水田茶园旱地;(2)随着温度的升高,土壤有机碳矿化速率增大,其中活性碳分解速率变化无规律,但缓效碳分解速率呈指数增长(R20.98);(3)不同土地利用方式土壤有机碳矿化速率对温度变化的敏感程度(Q10)不同,其大小顺序为水田茶园果园旱地人工林。综上所述,土地利用方式的改变将会导致土壤有机碳矿化速率的变化,从而影响土壤有机质含量;另外,根据Q10值可预测水田土壤有机碳矿化速率对全球变暖反应更明显。 相似文献
5.
干湿交替对东北温带次生林与落叶松人工林土壤有机碳矿化的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在中温带的黑龙江省帽儿山地区,采集次生林和落叶松人工林表层(0-10cm)土壤,进行室内有机碳矿化培养。先在不同温度(5,15,25,35℃)下干土培养3d,然后进行不同水平的增湿处理(土壤含水率为25%,50%,75%,100%)继续培养11d。结果表明:加水增湿后两林分土壤有机碳矿化速率均被激发并在短时间(1～4d)内达到最大值,不同处理次生林土壤有机碳矿化速率最大值变化范围为15.94～212.65μg CO2-C/(g.d),落叶松人工林土壤为16.75～110.85μg CO2-C/(g.d)。两林分土壤有机碳矿化速率和矿化量随处理湿度的增加而增大,但落叶松人工林100%湿度处理在培养温度超过5℃时,土壤有机碳矿化速率和矿化量却低于75%湿度处理。高温(≥25℃)和高湿(50%～100%)条件下次生林土壤有机碳矿化的激发效应明显大于落叶松人工林土壤,而且次生林土壤有机碳矿化的湿度敏感性系数(k)和温度敏感性系数(Q10)均大于落叶松人工林土壤。这表明随着温度的升高,干湿交替可导致次生林土壤较落叶松人工林土壤损失更多的碳。 相似文献
6.
不同培养温度下长期施肥红壤水稻土有机碳矿化特征研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
以长期不同施肥处理红壤水稻土为研究对象,布置不同温度下(15、25和35℃)的室内培养试验,研究有机碳矿化的温度敏感性及施肥对土壤有机碳矿化的影响,并分析土壤有机碳矿化与土壤理化性质和不同形态碳素之间的关系。结果表明,培养前期(0～7 d),土壤有机碳矿化速率快速下降,之后逐渐降低并最终趋于稳定。温度升高提高了土壤有机碳矿化速率、累积矿化量和矿化率。磷肥和有机肥的施用提高了土壤有机碳累积矿化量。各处理土壤有机碳矿化的温度敏感性系数Q10为1.31～1.75,施肥提高了土壤有机碳矿化的温度敏感性。Q10与有机碳、全量和速效氮磷、微生物生物量碳、易氧化有机碳和胡敏酸碳呈显著或极显著的正相关关系。3种培养温度下土壤有机碳累积矿化量均与pH呈显著负相关,与有机碳和全氮呈显著或极显著正相关。25℃和35℃培养时,土壤有机碳累积矿化量与微生物生物量碳、胡敏酸碳和富里酸碳显著或极显著正相关。 相似文献
7.
黑碳添加对土壤有机碳矿化的影响 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
通过室内培养试验,向土壤中分别添加不同温度制备的黑碳,热解温度分别为350℃(T350)、600℃(T600)和850℃(T850),研究了黑碳添加对土壤有机碳矿化的影响。结果表明,不同温度条件制备的黑碳在15℃和25℃培养条件下,土壤CO2释放速率总的趋势是前期分解速率快,后期缓慢。在整个培养过程中(112天),随着培养时间的延长,土壤CO2释放速率下降趋势逐渐降低,CO2释放速率相对值的大小随着培养温度的的升高而增大。在不同温度培养条件下,添加黑碳后土壤CO2-C累计量均是T350>T600>T850,T350土壤CO2-C累计量最高分别为415.26 mg/kg和733.82 mg/kg。添加不同黑碳后,土壤有机碳矿化增加率存在极显著差异(p<0.01),表明不同温度制备的黑碳对土壤有机碳矿化的影响显著。 相似文献
8.
摘 要：【目的】养分输入会显著影响土壤有机碳矿化,但毛竹林土壤有机碳激发效应对不同类型养分输入的响应及其机制尚不明确。【方法】选用尿素和磷酸二氢钠作为外源养分,通过80 d的培养试验,研究氮素、磷素及两者联合添加对毛竹林土壤有机碳矿化及其激发效应、微生物功能以及土壤理化性质的影响。【结果】氮素、磷素及两者联合添加均显著提高了土壤原有有机碳矿化累积CO2排放量（增幅分别为91.3%、19.2%和94.9%）,产生显著的正激发效应,其中氮素及其与磷素联合添加诱导的正激发效应强度显著大于磷素添加处理。上述三种养分添加处理均显著提高了土壤pH、活性有机碳库（微生物量碳、可溶性有机碳和烷氧碳组分）、碳降解酶（?-葡萄糖苷酶和蔗糖酶）活性以及cbhI和GH48功能基因丰度,但抑制了多酚氧化酶和RubisCO酶活性;另外,土壤无机氮含量（NH4+-N和NO3--N）在氮和氮磷添加下增加却在磷添加下降低。相关性分析表明,累积激发效应与土壤pH、活性有机碳库、无机氮含量、碳降解酶活性以及cbhI和GH48功能基因丰度呈显著正相关,而与多酚氧化酶和RubisCO酶活性显著负相关。【结论】氮磷养分添加可能是通过影响土壤pH、活性碳氮含量,并提升微生物的活性和功能,从而显著提高土壤原有有机碳的矿化速率。 相似文献
9.
[目的]揭示污泥堆肥施用后土壤单位有机碳矿化及温度敏感性(Q10)对于市政污泥资源化利用和土壤碳库稳定性的主控因素,并进而为市政污泥处理及土壤有机碳固持提供理论支撑。[方法]以黄土丘陵区退化草地土壤为研究对象,测定了不同污泥堆肥添加比例(0,2.0%,5.0%,10.0%,15.0%,20.0%)和培养温度(15℃,25℃和35℃)下土壤有机碳矿化速率,探讨了污泥堆肥添加对土壤有机碳矿化特征和Q10的影响。[结果](1)与CK相比,不同污泥堆肥添加在培养初期土壤单位有机碳矿化速率显著增加(p<0.01),之后迅速下降直至趋于稳定;而施用污泥处理组的土壤单位累积矿化量是CK的1.6～4.2倍,在施用比例达到10.0%～20.0%时其有机碳矿化速率与累积矿化量均差异不显著。(2)运用一级动力学方程,拟合不同温度不同污泥添加土壤单位有机碳矿化动态均达到较好效果(R2>0.95),潜在矿化势(C0)值在6.92～39.60 mg C/g差异显著(p<0.05),土壤有机碳矿化速率常数(k)... 相似文献
10.
《土壤通报》2017,(5):1132-1140
土壤碳矿化速率及温度敏感性是研究陆地生态系统碳循环的重要指标,以往研究多集中在表层土壤,但不同深度土壤属性及碳质量具有显著的差异。以亚热带马尾松/木荷人工混交林红壤为研究对象,选择0~10 cm、10~30 cm、30~60 cm和60~100 cm四种深度土壤,设置葡萄糖添加(G+)和空白对照(CK)两组处理,进行周期性变温(4、14、22和30℃)培养,并利用自主研发设备测定第1、3、7、14、21和28天5~30℃模拟昼夜周期性变温条件下的土壤碳矿化速率,研究添加葡萄糖对不同红壤碳矿化速率及其温度敏感性(Q10)的影响。结果表明:无葡萄糖添加时,随着土壤深度和培养时间增加,土壤碳矿化速率显著降低,但Q10无显著差别,培养后期底物供给不足限制了土壤碳矿化速率。葡萄糖添加后,随着土壤深度增加,土壤碳矿化速率及Q10均显著增加,浅层土壤响应较快,深层土壤响应慢但增幅更大。培养末期深层土壤碳矿化速率甚至高于表层土壤。不同深度土壤微生物含量及其群落结构组成是土壤碳矿化速率及其Q10响应差异的主要影响因素。 相似文献
11.
Cesium and soil carbon in a small agricultural watershed 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
Scientific, political, and social interests have developed recently in the concept of using agricultural soils to sequester carbon. Studies supporting this concept indicate that soil erosion and subsequent redeposition of eroded soils in the same field may establish an ecosystem disequilibrium that promotes the buildup of carbon on agricultural landscapes. The problem is to determine the patterns of soil erosion and redeposition on the landscape and to relate these to soil carbon patterns. Radioactive 137cesium (137Cs) can be used to estimate soil erosion patterns and, more importantly, redeposition patterns at the field level. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between 137Cs, soil erosion, and soil carbon patterns on a small agricultural watershed. Profiles of soils from an upland area and soils in an adjacent riparian system were collected in 5 cm increments and the concentrations of 137Cs and carbon were determined. 137Cs and carbon were uniformly mixed in the upper 15–20 cm of upland soils. 137Cs (Bq g−1) and carbon (%) in the upland soils were significantly correlated (r2=0.66). Carbon content of the 0–20 cm layer was higher (1.4±0.3%) in areas of soil deposition than carbon content (1.1±0.3%) in areas of soil erosion as determined by the 137Cs technique. These data suggest that measurements of 137Cs in the soils can be useful for understanding carbon distribution patterns in surface soil. Carbon content of the upland soils ranged from 0.5 to 1.9% with an average of 1.2±0.4% in the 0–20 cm layer while carbon below this upper tilled layer (20–30 cm) ranged from 0.2 to 1.5% with an average of 0.5±0.3%. Total carbon was 2.66 and 3.20 kg m−2 in the upper 20 cm and upper 30 cm of the upland soils, respectively. Carbon content of the 0–20 cm layer in the riparian system ranged from 1.1 to 67.0% with an average 11.7±17.1%. Carbon content below 20 cm ranged from 1.8 to 79.3% with an average of 18.3±17.5%. Soil carbon in the upper 20 cm of the riparian profile was 10.1 and 15.0 kg m−2 in the upper 30 cm of the riparian profiles. This is an increase of organic carbon by a factor of 3.8 and 4.7 for the upper 20 cm and upper 30 cm of the riparian profiles, respectively, when compared to the upland soil profiles. 相似文献
12.
不同轮作制度下土壤中不稳定有机碳组分的变化 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
Taking Kenli County in the Yellow River Delta, China, as the study area and using digital satellite remote sensing techniques, cultivated land use changes and their corresponding driving forces were explored in this study. An interactive interpretation and a manual modification procedure were carried out to acquire cultivated land information. An overlay method based on classification results and a visual change detection method which was supported by land use maps were employed to detect the cultivated land changes. Based on the changes that were revealed and a spatial analysis between cultivated land use and related natural and socio-economic factors, the driving forces for cultivated land use changes in the study area were determined. The results showed a decrease in cultivated land in Kenli County of 5321.8 ha from 1987 to 1998, i.e., an average annual decrement of 483.8 ha, which occurred mainly in the central paddy field region and the northeast dry land region. Adverse human activities, soil salinization and water deficiencies were the driving forces that caused these cultivated land use changes. 相似文献
13.
The fate of global soil carbon stores in response to predicted climate change is a ‘hotly’ debated topic. Considerable uncertainties remain as to the temperature sensitivity of non-labile soil organic matter (SOM) to decomposition. Currently, models assume that organic matter decomposition is solely controlled by the interaction between climatic conditions and soil mineral characteristics. Consequently, little attention has been paid to adaptive responses of soil decomposer organisms to climate change and their impacts on the turnover of long-standing terrestrial carbon reservoirs. Using a radiocarbon approach we found that warming increased soil invertebrate populations (Enchytraeid worms) leading to a greater turnover of older soil carbon pools. The implication of this finding is that until soil physiology and biology are meaningfully represented in ecosystem carbon models, predictions will underestimate soil carbon turnover. 相似文献
14.
Approximately 30% of global soil organic carbon (SOC) is stored in subtropical and tropical ecosystems but it is being rapidly lost due to continuous deforestation. Tree plantations are advocated as a C sink, however, little is known about rates of C turnover and sequestration into soil organic matter under subtropical and tropical tree plantations. We studied changes in SOC in a chronosequence of hoop pine (Araucaria cunninghamii) plantations established on former rainforest sites in seasonally dry subtropical Australia. SOC, δ13C, and light fraction organic C (LF C<1.6 g cm−3) were determined in plantations, secondary rainforest and pasture. We calculated loss of rainforest SOC after clearing for pasture using an isotope mixing model, and used the decay rate of rainforest-derived C to predict input of hoop pine-derived C into the soil. Total SOC stocks to 100 cm depth were significantly (P<0.01) higher under rainforest (241 t ha−1) and pasture (254 t ha−1) compared to hoop pine (176-211 t ha−1). We calculated that SOC derived from hoop pine inputs ranged from 32% (25 year plantation) to 61% (63 year plantation) of total SOC in the 0-30 cm soil layer, but below 30 cm all C originated from rainforest. These results were compared to simulations made by the Century soil organic matter model. The Century model simulations showed that lower C stocks under hoop pine plantations were due to reduced C inputs to the slow turnover C pool, such that this pool only recovers to within 45% of the original rainforest C pool after 63 years. This may indicate differences in soil C stabilization mechanisms under hoop pine plantations compared with rainforest and pasture. These results demonstrate that subtropical hoop pine plantations do not rapidly sequester SOC into long-term storage pools, and that alternative plantation systems may need to be investigated to achieve greater soil C sequestration. 相似文献
15.
B. C. Liang E. G. Gregorich M. Schnitzer R. P. Voroney 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1996,21(1-2):10-16
The water-soluble organic C in composted manure contains a portion of labile C which can stimulate soil microbial activity. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of water-soluble organic C extracted from composted dairy manure on C mineralization in soil with different textures. Three soils with textures varying from 3 to 54% clay were amended with 0 to 80 mg water-soluble organic C kg–1 soil extracted from a composted dairy manure and incubated for 16 weeks at 23°C. The total amount of C mineralized was greater than the amount of C added in the three soils. Differences in mineralizable C with and without added water-soluble organic C were approximately 13–16 times, 4.8–8 times, and 7.5–8 times greater than the amount of C added to clay, loam, and sand soils, respectively. The results of this experiment suggest that immediately following composted manure applications, C mineralization rates increase, and that most of the C mineralized comes mainly from the indigenous soil organic C pool.CLBRR contribution No. 94-71 相似文献
16.
Isotope fractionation during composting may produce organic materials with a more homogenous δ13C and δ15N signature allowing study of their fate in soil. To verify this, C, N, δ13C and δ15N content were monitored during nine months covered (thermophilic; >40 °C) composting of corn silage (CSC). The C concentration reduced from 10.34 to 1.73 g C (g ash)−1, or 83.3%, during composting. Nitrogen losses comprised 28.4% of initial N content. Compost δ13C values became slightly depleted and increasingly uniform (from −12.8±0.6‰ to −14.1±0.0‰) with composting. Compost δ15N values (0.3±1.3 to 8.2±0.4‰) increased with a similar reduced isotope variability.The fate of C and N of diverse composts in soil was subsequently examined. C, N, δ13C, δ15N content of whole soil (0-5 cm), light (<1.7 g cm−3) and heavy (>1.7 g cm−3) fraction, and (250-2000 μm; 53-250 μm and <53 μm) size separates, were characterized. Measurements took place one and two years following surface application of CSC, dairy manure compost (DMC), sewage sludge compost (SSLC), and liquid dairy manure (DM) to a temperate (C3) grassland soil. The δ13C values and total C applied (Mg C ha−1) were DM (−27.3‰; 2.9); DMC (−26.6‰; 10.0); SSLC (−25.9‰; 10.9) and CSC (−14.0‰; 4.6 and 9.2). The δ13C of un-amended soil exhibited low spatial (−28.0‰±0.2; n=96) and temporal (±0.1‰) variability. All C4 (CSC) and C3 (DMC; SSLC) composts, except C3 manure (DM), significantly modified bulk soil δ13C and δ15N. Estimates of retention of compost C in soil by carbon balance were less sensitive than those calculated by C isotope techniques. One and two years after application, 95 and 89% (CSC), 75 and 63% (SSLC) and 88 and 42% (DMC) of applied compost C remained in the soil, with the majority (80-90%) found in particulate (>53 μm) and light fractions. However, C4 compost (CSC) was readily detectable (12% of compost C remaining) in mineral (<53 μm) fractions. The δ15N-enriched N of compost supported interpretation of δ13C data. We can conclude that composts are highly recalcitrant with prolonged C storage in non-mineral soil fractions. The sensitivity of the natural abundance tracer technique to characterize their fate in soil improves during composting, as a more homogeneous C isotope signature develops, in addition to the relatively large amounts of stable C applied in composts. 相似文献
17.
Quantification of root biomass through the conventional root excavation and washing method is inefficient. A pot experiment was conducted to estimate root-derived carbon (C) in soil. Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. ‘Quantum’) was grown in plastic containers (6 L) filled with sterilized sandy soil in a greenhouse. Plants were enriched with 13CO2 in a glass chamber twice at growth stages GS-37 and GS-59 for 70 min at each time. In one treatment, roots were separated from soil at crop maturity, washed and dried for the determination of biomass. Isotope ratios were then separately analyzed for roots and soil. In a second treatment, roots were thoroughly mixed with the whole soil and representative samples were analyzed for 13C abundance at crop maturity. Control plants were untreated with 13C, in which roots were separated from soil. The root biomass was calculated based on the root-derived C, which was measured through 13C abundance in the soil and root mixed samples. A substantial amount of root-derived C (24%) was unaccounted while separating the roots from soil. Similarly, about 36% of the root biomass was underestimated if conventional root excavation and washing method is used. It has been shown that root biomass can be estimated more accurately from the root-derived C using 13C tracer method than the estimates made by the conventional excavation and washing method. We propose this as an alternative method for the estimation of root-derived C in soil, based on which root biomass can be estimated. 相似文献
18.
Soil organic carbon stocks,distribution, and composition affected by historic land use changes on adjacent sites 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Historic alterations in land use from forest to grassland and cropland to forest were used to determine impacts on carbon
(C) stocks and distribution and soil organic matter (SOM) characteristics on adjacent Cambisols in Eastern Germany. We investigated
a continuous Norway spruce forest (F-F), a former cropland afforested in 1930 (C-F), and a grassland deforested in 1953 (F-G).
For C and N stocks, we sampled the A and B horizons of nine soil pits per site. Additionally, we separated SOM fractions of
A and B horizons by physical means from one central soil pit per pedon. To unravel differences of SOM composition, we analyzed
SOM fractions by 13C-CPMAS NMR spectroscopy and radiocarbon analysis. For the mineral soils, differences in total C stocks between the sites
were low (F-F = 8.3 kg m−2; C-F = 7.3 kg m−2; F-G = 8.2 kg m−2). Larger total C stocks (+25%) were found under continuous forest compared with grassland, due to the C stored within the
organic horizons. Due to a faster turnover, the contents of free particulate organic matter (POM) were lower under grassland.
High alkyl C/O/N-alkyl C ratios of free POM fractions indicated higher decomposition stages under forest (1.16) in relation
to former cropland (0.48) and grassland (0.33). Historic management, such as burning of tree residues, was still identifiable
in the subsoils by the composition and 14C activity of occluded POM fractions. The high potential of longer lasting C sequestration within fractions of slower turnover
was indicated by the larger amounts of claybound C per square meter found under continuous forest in contrast to grassland. 相似文献
19.
Forest soils contain about 30% of terrestrial carbon (C) and so knowledge of the influence of forest management on stability of soil C pools is important for understanding the global C cycle. Here we present the changes of soil C pools in the 0-5 cm layer in two second-rotation Pinus radiata (D.Don) plantations which were subjected to three contrasting harvest residue management treatments in New Zealand. These treatments included whole-tree harvest plus forest floor removal (defined as forest floor removal hereafter), whole-tree, and stem-only harvest. Soil samples were collected 5, 10 and 15 years after tree planting at Kinleith Forest (on sandy loam soils) and 4, 12 and 20 years after tree planting at Woodhill Forest (on sandy soils). These soils were then physically divided into light (labile) and heavy (stable) pools based on density fractionation (1.70 g cm−3). At Woodhill, soil C mass in the heavy fraction was significantly greater in the whole-tree and stem-only harvest plots than the forest floor removal plots in all sampling years. At Kinleith, the soil C mass in the heavy fraction was also greater in the stem-only harvest plots than the forest floor removal plots at year 15. The larger stable soil C pools with increased residue return was supported by analyses of the chemical composition and plant biomarkers in the soil organic matter (SOM) heavy fractions using NMR and GC/MS. At Woodhill, alkyl C, cutin-, suberin- and lignin-derived C contents in the SOM heavy fraction were significantly greater in the whole-tree and stem-only harvest plots than in the forest floor removal plots in all sampling years. At Kinleith, alkyl C (year 15), cutin-derived C (year 5 and 15) and lignin-derived C (Year 5 and 10) contents in the SOM heavy fraction were significantly greater in stem-only harvest plots than in plots where the forest floor was removed. The analyses of plant C biomarkers and soil δ13C in the light and heavy fractions of SOM indicate that the increased stable soil C in the heavy fraction with increased residue return might be derived from a greater input of recalcitrant C in the residue substrate. 相似文献
20.
不同碳源添加对钙质土高累积硝态氮向土壤有机氮库转化的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
QIU Shao-Jun JU Xiao-Tang J. INGWERSEN GUO Zi-De C. F. STANGE R. BISHARAT T. STRECK P. CHRISTIE ZHANG Fu-Suo 《土壤圈》2013,23(2):205-212
Excessive amounts of nitrate have accumulated in many soils on the North China Plain due to the large amounts of chemical N fertilizers or manures used in combination with low carbon inputs. We investigated the potential of different carbon substrates added to transform soil nitrate into soil organic N (SON). A 56-d laboratory incubation experiment using the 15 N tracer (K15 NO3 ) technique was carried out to elucidate the proportion of SON derived from accumulated soil nitrate following amendment with glucose or maize straw at controlled soil temperature and moisture. The dynamics and isotopic abundance of mineral N (NO3 and NH+4 ) and SON and greenhouse gas (N2O and CO2 ) emissions during the incubation were investigated. Although carbon amendments markedly stimulated transformation of nitrate to newly formed SON, this was only a substitution effect of the newly formed SON with native SON because SON at the end of the incubation period was not significantly different (P > 0.05) from that in control soil without added C. At the end of the incubation period, amendment with glucose, a readily available C source, increased nitrate immobilization by 2.65 times and total N2O-N emission by 33.7 times, as compared with maize straw amendment. Moreover, the differences in SON and total N2O-N emission between the treatments with glucose and maize straw were significant (P < 0.05). However, the total N2O-N emission in the straw treatment was not significantly (P > 0.05) greater than that in the control. Straw amendment may be a potential option in agricultural practice for transformation of nitrate N to SON and minimization of N2O emitted as well as restriction of NO3-N leaching. 相似文献