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Abdominal computed tomography (CT) studies of 19 dogs with no history or clinical signs of gastrointestinal disease, and two dogs with a histological diagnosis of gastrointestinal neoplasia were examined retrospectively. Gastrointestinal segments were evaluated subjectively for conspicuity, contrast enhancement, and wall layering after contrast medium administration. In dogs without gastrointestinal disease, there were 62.8% of gastrointestinal segments (serosa to serosa) and 77.7% of gastrointestinal walls (serosa to mucosa) visualized. Wall layering on postcontrast images was seen in 21.8% of gastrointestinal segments. There was significant association between gastrointestinal diameter and wall thickness. There was significant association between weight and gastrointestinal wall thickness in the following regions: gastric fundus, gastric body, gastric pylorus, gastric pyloric antrum, duodenal cranial flexure, jejunum and ascending colon, and between patient weight and gastrointestinal diameter in cranial duodenal flexure, descending duodenum, transverse duodenum, ascending duodenum, and jejunum. Measurements acquired from CT studies correlated well with previously published normal reference ranges for radiographic and ultrasonographic studies. Gastrointestinal neoplasia, diagnosed in two dogs, had a gastrointestinal wall thickness greater than the range of the dogs without gastrointestinal disease. Computed tomography offers identification of the gastrointestinal tract segments in dogs, allows for evaluation of gastrointestinal diameter and aids in investigation of gastrointestinal wall thickness. 相似文献
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动物胃肠道被视为抵御外界病原体的一道重要屏障,胃肠道健康与动物机体健康密不可分。动物胃肠道中栖息着大量多样性的微生物种群,微生物之间的相互作用复杂且多样,微生物的功能和种类组成影响着胃肠道的稳态平衡。微生物群通过定植在胃肠道黏膜,在黏膜免疫系统发育中起着至关重要的作用,同时也对胃肠道健康与功能起着重要作用。调控胃肠道健康的方式有很多种,目前主要通过添加益生元、益生素等非营养物质和营养调控剂来调控胃肠道功能和维护胃肠道健康。但相较于其他营养调控剂来说,免疫球蛋白调控胃肠道的研究报道较少,属于新的免疫调控技术,其具有特异专一性、易生产且成本低、效果显著等优点。免疫调节是一种高效且相对安全的调节方式。作者介绍了4种免疫球蛋白(IgG、IgA、IgY、纳米抗体)的主要理化性质,总结了现阶段免疫球蛋白对胃肠道功能调节的进展及展望,从而为应用免疫球蛋白调控动物胃肠道健康和促进营养代谢提供指导。 相似文献
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胃肠动力迟缓类疾病由于发病特征的不显著,在动物身上并未引起足够的重视,但随着近几年畜牧业的不断发展,其发病率不断升高,对国家已造成了不可估量的损失。从药物机制、临床研究等方面对比阐述了人用及兽用促胃肠动力药物的应用现状,旨在为兽用促胃肠动力药物的研发及兽医临床中的使用提供参考。 相似文献
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Trevor N Bebchuk 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2002,32(4):861-80, vi
The common presentations of gastrointestinal foreign bodies in cats are discussed in this article. The options for diagnostic imaging modalities and other diagnostic tests are detailed. The management of foreign body obstructions at different levels of the gastrointestinal tract is discussed. Particular attention is paid to the management of linear gastrointestinal foreign bodies, morbidity associated with this condition, and treatment. There is also a brief discussion on the types of gastrointestinal foreign bodies presenting to a veterinary teaching hospital at which both referral and primary cases are seen. 相似文献
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反刍动物胃肠道中存在着众多微生物,如细菌、真菌、原虫和古细菌等。胃肠道微生物对于动物的能量代谢发挥着重要作用,同时对于动物的中枢神经正常功能的发挥也扮演着重要角色。肠道微生物可以与肠道细胞直接接触,不仅产生激活内源性中枢神经系统信号传导机制的代谢物,还可以独立地产生或促成许多神经活性分子的产生。微生物代谢产物和神经活性分子通过神经信号通路、胃肠道内分泌信号通路、免疫系统等关键途径共同形成一个复杂的反射网络,即胃肠道微生物与代谢产物通过传入神经元将信号传导至中枢神经系统。胃肠道微生物与宿主之间通过主要的信号通路相互作用,影响机体胃肠道屏障、营养代谢、免疫应答等生理机能和摄食行为。作者主要从反刍动物胃肠道微生物的种类、微生物通过肠道-脑轴的"自下而上"的传导途径、微生物及其代谢产物通过肠道-脑轴对宿主疾病和行为起到的作用、胃肠道微生物-肠道-脑轴可能的影响因素进行浅析,并对反刍动物胃肠道微生物-肠道-脑轴的研究进行了展望。 相似文献
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Survey and contrast radiographic studies of the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems of the American horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) were undertaken using conventional and flouroscopic techniques. Normal gastrointestinal and cardiovascular structures were difficult to resolve on survey radiographs, but were well visualized with gastrointestinal follow through studies and angiography, respectively. All three contrast agents (iohexol, Gastrografin, and barium sulfate) used for the gastrointestinal studies varied minimally in their radiographic quality and transit times, and all appeared to be safe for use in the horseshoe crab. 相似文献
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Rötting AK Freeman DE Constable PD Eurell JA Wallig MA 《American journal of veterinary research》2008,69(7):874-879
OBJECTIVES: To establish reference values for the range of the number of eosinophils found in equine gastrointestinal mucosa and to describe the distribution of this cell within the equine gastrointestinal mucosa. SAMPLE POPULATION: Gastrointestinal mucosal specimens from 14 adult horses euthanatized for reasons other than gastrointestinal disease. PROCEDURES: Gastrointestinal mucosal specimens were collected and grouped according to their anatomic regions. For histologic examination slides were stained with Luna's eosinophil stain to determine eosinophil accumulation and distribution. The mucosa was divided into 5 sections for each anatomic location, and the percentage of eosinophils in each of the 5 sections relative to the total eosinophil count in all sections was determined. Additionally, the number of eosinophils per square millimeter of mucosa was calculated as a measure of the degree of eosinophil accumulation. RESULTS: Lowest numbers of eosinophils were found in the stomach, and numbers increased from there to the cecum, then decreased from the ascending colon (right ventral colon, left ventral colon, pelvic flexure, left dorsal colon, and right dorsal colon) to small colon. In all gastrointestinal sections, most eosinophils were located near the muscularis mucosae and were rarely found near or on the luminal surface of the mucosa. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The distribution of eosinophils in the gastrointestinal tract of horses followed a pattern within the mucosa and between different sections of the gastrointestinal tract. The derived reference values and distribution data could be used to detect changes in eosinophil response in the equine gastrointestinal mucosa caused by diseases states. 相似文献
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影响仔猪胃肠道发育的因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
仔猪胃肠发育的情况直接影响了营养物质的消化、吸收及利用,及时找到影响其发育的因素对仔猪的营养管理是非常有意义的。目前发现的诸多因素中,生长因子及营养物质对其发育起到促进作用,而抗营养因子往往对其发育不利。本文从生长因子、营养物质到抗营养因子角度出发,分析了它们对仔猪肠道发育影响,为今后合理配制仔猪饲养阶段的日粮提供依据。 相似文献
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反刍动物胃肠道中存在着复杂、多样且动态的微生物菌群，它们对维持免疫功能、营养物质消化和代谢动态平衡具有重要作用。氧化应激是自由基产生过多、抗氧化能力不足或两者同步的结果，严重情况下可危害动物健康，并造成经济损失。越来越多的研究表明，胃肠道菌群与氧化应激之间存在密切的联系，它们通过相关代谢物诱导局部和全身炎症，并调节氧化应激。本文综述了部分反刍动物胃肠道菌群与氧化应激的相关研究，对胃肠道菌群代谢物和微生物-肠道-器官轴对氧化应激的调节进行了讨论，旨在为未来进一步探讨反刍动物胃肠道菌群调控氧化应激的机制提供理论依据。 相似文献
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产气荚膜梭菌是一种重要的人兽共患病的病原体，可引起人的食物中毒和抗生素相关腹泻，产气荚膜梭菌肠毒素是该菌的一个非常重要的致病毒素，在引起人的胃肠疾病方面起着关键性的作用，本文对产气荚膜梭菌肠毒素产生、细胞毒性和组织学作用以及在胃肠粘膜上造成损伤的致病分子机理等方面的研究内容进行论述。 相似文献
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Takeshi TSURUTA Ryo INOUE Takamitsu TSUKAHARA Mitsunori NAKAMOTO Hiroshi HARA Kazunari USHIDA Takaji YAJIMA 《Animal Science Journal》2012,83(12):799-804
A large amount of secretory immunoglobulin A (S‐IgA) is secreted in the alimentary tract of mammals. It has been reported that S‐IgA coats a portion of commensal intestinal bacteria in human and mouse. However, S‐IgA‐coated bacteria have not been studied in pigs and calves. In this study, we evaluated the distribution of S‐IgA‐coated commensal intestinal bacteria in each portion of the gastrointestinal tracts of pigs and calves. Immunoglobulin G (IgG)‐coated bacteria were also analyzed because a considerable amount of IgG is secreted in the gastrointestinal tracts of pigs, and in particular, calves. S‐IgA‐ or IgG‐coated bacteria were detected in all the segments of the gastrointestinal tracts of pigs and calves. The proportion of S‐IgA‐coated bacteria to total bacteria (i.e. S‐IgA coating ratio) varied in the segments of the gastrointestinal tract in pigs, whereas those of calves were nearly the same throughout the gastrointestinal tract. The S‐IgA and IgG coating ratios were higher in pigs than in calves for all segments of the gastrointestinal tract. 相似文献
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Post‐natal growth of the gastrointestinal tract of the Siberian hamster was studied in newborn and 3‐, 7‐, 14‐, 21‐, 42‐ and 90‐day‐old animals. Morphometric measurements and calculations were carried out: length and internal surface of gastrointestinal tract segments, size (height, width, surface) and density of villi as well as allometric growth rate of the length and internal surface of the segments with respect to the body mass. The fastest growth rate of the gastrointestinal tract segments was noticed during the first 3 days of the post‐natal life. Nevertheless, significant regional differences in their growth rate were found. The increase in the length and internal surface of the large intestine was fastest, while the smallest increase was observed in the oesophagus. All segments of the gastrointestinal tract except oesophagus exhibited a positive allometric relationship to the body mass from birth till final weaning, whereas during the post‐weaning period, the increase was isometric. Thus, at birth, the gastrointestinal tract segments were relatively smaller compared with those observed in adults, but then, the gastrointestinal tract grew faster than the rest of the body and reached its adult proportions just before the transition to solid food. Most probably, reaching the adult structure of the gastrointestinal tract before the final weaning is an essential condition for the proper growth of an organism after the weaning. 相似文献
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为进一步验证碳酸盐缓冲合剂对牛胃肠弛缓自然病例的治疗效果 ,对前胃弛缓 (5 2例 )、瘤胃积食 (42例 )、瘤胃酸中毒 (18例 )、瓣胃秘结 (6例 )、肠便秘 (2例 )等以酸过多性胃肠弛缓为临床特征的 12 0例病牛投服了碳酸盐缓冲合剂 (Na2 CO35 0 g,Na HCO342 0 g,KCl 2 0 g,Na Cl 10 0 g,常水 10 L )。结果平均治愈率高达 95 % ,平均投用方剂数为(1.4± 0 .5 )付。从而认为 ,对起因于胃肠酸碱环境改变的酸过多性胃肠弛缓疾病投服碳酸盐缓冲合剂可有效纠正胃肠弛缓状态 ,为反刍兽胃肠弛缓开辟了新的防治途径 ,创立了又一个病因 -发病机理疗法 , 相似文献
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An immunohistochemical study of the gastrointestinal endocrine cells in the C57BL/6 mice 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
The regional distributions and relative frequencies of some gastrointestinal endocrine cells in the eight portions (fundus, pylorus, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon and rectum) of the gastrointestinal tract of C57BL/6 mouse was studied with immunohistochemical method using seven types of specific anti-sera against chromogranin A (CGA), serotonin, somatostatin, human pancreatic polypeptide (HPP), glucagon, gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK)-8. In this study, all these seven types of immunoreactive (IR) cells were identified. Most of these IR cells in the intestinal portion were generally spherical or spindle in shape (open-type cell) while cells showing round in shape (closed-type cell) were found in the intestinal gland and stomach regions occasionally. Their relative frequencies were varied according to each portion of gastrointestinal tract. CGA-IR cells were demonstrated throughout the whole gastrointestinal tract and they showed most predominant in the pylorus and duodenum. Serotonin-IR cells were detected throughout whole gastrointestinal tract and they showed highest frequency in the stomach and colon. Somatostatin-IR cells were demonstrated throughout whole gastrointestinal tract except for large intestine and showed highest frequency in the fundus. HPP-IR cells were found in the fundus with rare frequency. Peculiarly, glucagon-IR cells were restricted to the fundus, ileum and colon with a few frequencies. Gastrin-IR cells were restricted to the pylorus with numerous frequency and CCK-8-IR cells were observed in the pylorus, duodenum and jejunum with numerous and/or a few frequencies, respectively. In conclusion, some peculiar distributional patterns of gastrointestinal endocrine cells were found in C57BL/6 mouse. 相似文献
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OBJECTIVES: After a first clinical study showing a high prevalence of gastrointestinal tract diseases in brachycephalic dogs presented for upper respiratory syndrome, a prospective study was performed to determine the influence of medical treatment for gastrointestinal tract disorders associated with upper respiratory syndrome surgery. METHODS: The gastrointestinal tract and respiratory disorders of 61 brachycephalic dogs presented for upper respiratory syndrome were evaluated. Together with surgery of the upper respiratory tract, a specific gastrointestinal medical treatment was administered. A minimal follow-up of six months was required for inclusion. RESULTS: Palatoplasty with rhinoplasty was the most common surgical correction (88.5 per cent). The mortality rate in the perioperative period was 3.3 per cent. Minor complications accounted for 26.2 per cent of cases. No aspiration pneumonia was encountered. A sufficient follow-up was obtained in 51 dogs. The improvement was judged by the owners as excellent or good in 88.3 per cent of the respiratory disorders and in 91.4 per cent of the gastrointestinal disorders. Clinically, a statistically significant improvement was obtained for both respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: In comparison with other studies, digestive tract medical treatment combined with upper respiratory surgery seems to decrease the complication rate and improve the prognosis of dogs presented for upper respiratory syndrome. 相似文献
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Transfer of functional blood IgG1 to the gastrointestinal tract was measured in neonatal calves. Radiolabelled immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) anti-DNP antibody was administered to 2 day old calves by intravenous injection. The serum clearance rate was measured and was compared to the rate of protein-bound 125I excretion in the feces over a 10 day period to determine the importance of transfer to the gastrointestinal tract as a mechanism of serum IgG1 clearance. The amount of protein-bound and DNP-binding 125I present in the gastrointestinal tract of 10 day old calves at necropsy was also measured. Fecal excretion of protein-bound 125I accounted for 32% of the serum 125I-IgG1 clearance. Protein-bound 125I was present in the gastrointestinal tract at necropsy in amounts estimated to account for 68% of the total 125I-IgG1 clearance, and retained 65% of the DNP-binding ability of the original antibody. The discrepancy between the fecal excretion (32% of total IgG1 clearance) and the GI clearance estimated from protein-bound 125I in the gut (68% of total IgG1 clearance) is explained in part by IgG1 proteolysis occurring after transfer to the gastrointestinal tract but before fecal excretion. These results indicate that transfer to the calf gastrointestinal tract accounts for most IgG1 clearance in young calves, and that the intestinal antibody retains antigen binding function and may contribute to intestinal immunity. 相似文献
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Feline gastrointestinal eosinophilic sclerosing fibroplasia was diagnosed in an 8-month-old Scottish fold that had a primary gastrointestinal mass involving the stomach, duodenum and mesenteric lymph nodes. Histopathologically, the most characteristic feature of this mass was granulation tissue with eosinophil infiltration and hyperplasia of sclerosing collagen fiber. Immunohistochemically, large spindle-shaped cells were positive for smooth muscle actin and vimentin. This case emphasizes the importance of feline gastrointestinal eosinophilic sclerosing fibroplasia as a differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal neoplastic lesions such as osteosarcoma and mast cell tumor in cats. 相似文献