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19份野生扁穗牛鞭草种质农艺性状遗传变异的数量化研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对扁穗牛鞭草在我国的野生种分布进行深入调查表明,在四川、重庆分布有广泛的不同生态型的野生扁穗牛鞭草资源。以其中19份野生扁穗牛鞭草为供试材料,对其株高、分蘖、茎叶比、干物质重量、粗蛋白质含量等农艺性状进行初步的数量化研究表明,多数扁穗牛鞭草适合做牧草并极具培育优良新型牧草品种的潜力。经测定,大邑生态型扁穗牛鞭草和草坝生态型扁穗牛鞭草表现出植株高大、茎粗壮、叶量丰富、干物质含量高等许多牧用性饲草的优良特点,特别是草坝生态型扁穗牛鞭草的粗蛋白质含量比重高牛鞭草高约3.0%,所以,它有望成为优良的扁穗牛鞭草新品种。综合聚类显示,所有材料可分为四大类型,每个类型在饲用特性方面都有所差异,为不同目的的进一步筛选和利用及为加快我国扁穗牛鞭草种质资源的开发和利用以及改良其人工草地提供了较为科学的依据。 相似文献
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本文通过对牛鞭草的形态学和生理学特征,栽培技术要点、建植后的管理和牛鞭草的营养价值利用等方面的介绍说明了牛鞭草是一种适合于热带亚热带气候条件的产量高、质量好、适口性强、利用季节长、耐寒优良牧草。 相似文献
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19份野生扁穗牛鞭草种质农艺性状遗传变异的数量化研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
对扁穗牛鞭草在我国的野生种分布进行深入调查表明．在四川、重庆分布有广泛的不同生态型的野生扁穗牛鞭草资源。以其中19份野生扁穗牛鞭草为供试材料。对其株高、分蘖、茎叶比、干物质重量、粗蛋白质含量等农艺性状进行初步的数量化研究表明。多数扁穗牛鞭草适合做牧草并极具培育优良新型牧草品种的潜力。经测定．大邑生态型扁穗牛鞭草和草坝生态型扁穗牛鞭草表现出檀株高大、茎粗壮、叶量丰富、干物质含量高等许多牧用性饲草的优良特点．特别是草坝生态型扁穗牛鞭草的粗蛋白质含量比重高牛鞭草高约3。0％，所以，它有望成为优良的扁穗牛鞭草新品种。综合聚类显示．所有材料可分为四大类型．每个类型在饲用特性方面都有所差异。为不同目的的进一步筛选和利用及为加快我国扁穗牛鞭草种质资源的开发和利用以及改良其人工草地提供了较为科学的依据。 相似文献
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牛鞭草属种质资源及育种研究 总被引：24，自引：9，他引：15
牛鞭草属植物分布较广,种类较多,全世界有近20个种,我国有4个种,即:扁穗牛鞭草(Hemarthria compressa)、牛鞭草(H.altissima)、长花牛鞭草(H.longiflora)、小牛鞭草(H.protensa).牛鞭草属资源大多数是优良牧草,在许多国家都开展了资源收集和新品种培育工作,中国育成了"广益" 、"重高"2个品种,美国育成了著名的Redalta, Greenalta, Bigalta, Floralta等4个品种,这些品种在亚热带湿润区草地畜牧业中发挥着重要作用.笔者结合多年的研究工作,对国内外牛鞭草种质资源的分类、分布、杂交育种、遗传多样性研究进展情况和新品种培育工作进行了总结和探讨,以便为牛鞭草资源的进一步研究利用提供参考依据. 相似文献
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扁穗牛鞭草的抗性与利用途径 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
扁穗牛鞭草是一种优良的草种,不仅具有高产优质牧草的特性,而且对逆境表现出很强的耐性或抗性。在分析其抗旱、抗寒性和耐盐、耐酸、耐金属污染性,以及侵占性、独居性、再生性等特性的基础上,分析了牛鞭草在畜牧业生产、生态治理、污染环境修复等领域的利用潜力。 相似文献
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扁穗牛鞭草是我国南方重要的饲草来源,但在与豆科牧草混播时却难以成功,因为它具有较强的竞争能力和对其他植物的排斥作用。本研究通过牛鞭草根、茎、叶浸出液对豆科牧草种子发芽率和发芽势的影响,以寻找能与扁穗牛鞭草混播的草种,以提高牧草的产量和质量。试验结果表明,牛鞭草的根浸出液对所有试验豆科牧草种子(川引拉丁诺白三叶、Dory红三叶,Cherokee红三叶、巫溪红三叶、箭三叶)均有抑制作用,而茎、叶浸出液对豆科牧草种子的抑制作用不明显。 相似文献
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The unique relationship between TDN and CP concentration (low CP relative to TDN) in the whole-plant of 'Floralta' limpograss (Hemarthria altissima) may provide an opportunity for improving cattle performance through protein supplementation. In each of three consecutive years, yearling Brahman x British crossbred steers (initial weight approximately 270 kg) grazed limpograss during the summer and fall (five steers per ha, three pasture replications per treatment) and were fed liquid cane molasses-based supplements (1.4 kg DM daily) alone, or containing urea and(or) hydrolyzed poultry feather meal. In yr 1 and 2, protein supplementation did not influence ADG. In these years, pasture availability was in excess at all times, and visual observations indicated that the upper canopy contained abundant leaf. Pasture samples collected in a manner to simulate grazing had in vitro organic matter disappearance (IVOMD):CP ratios ranging from 6.5 to 8.1, and plasma urea nitrogen concentration in the blood of steers fed no supplemental protein was high (10.6 to 15.9 mg/dL), both not suggestive of a situation where providing a protein supplement might improve animal performance. In yr 3, ADG was improved (P < 0.05) by protein supplementation. Forage availability was in excess at the beginning of the trial but declined significantly as the trial progressed. At the end of the trial, forage IVOMD:CP ratio (11.1) and plasma urea nitrogen values of steers fed no protein supplement (6.6 mg/dL) were both suggestive of a situation where providing supplemental protein might improve animal performance. Grazing management of limpograss pasture can affect canopy composition, thereby influencing cattle response to protein supplementation. In cases where limpograss is moderately grazed resulting in abundant leaf in the grazed horizon, dietary energy:protein ratio can be balanced, and positive responses to protein supplementation may not be observed. Where limpograss is grazed more intensively resulting in greater quantities of stem in the upper pasture canopy, an imbalance of dietary protein (low) relative to energy can develop, increasing the opportunity for enhancing cattle performance through protein supplementation. 相似文献
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香根草是一种高大的、簇生成丛的禾本科多年生草本植物,也是一种优良的热带牧草,香根草有很多用途,特别是在作为一种廉价而有效的,并且有利于生态环境的抗击土壤侵蚀的工具方面发挥着很重要的作用。目前香根草已被世界上100多个国家列为理想的水土保持植物种之一。香根草生态工程技术也曾被国际评估委员会评为全世界71项持续发展技术中最为优秀的项目,受到热带、亚热带地区的政府、科学家和使用者的高度重视,已在这些地区的山坡地水土保持、路基护坡、海滩和河岸固土以及污染治理等领域广泛应用。本文将重点介绍我国香根草种质资源领域的研究现状,同时对目前存在的一些问题进行分析说明,为将来我国香根草种质资源的开发利用提供一定的参考。 相似文献
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The feeding value of four tropical grasses was assessed through voluntary intake and digestibility studies using yearling Brahman x British steers (average BW = 256 +/- 34 kg). The digestibility of OM was estimated using total fecal collection (TFC), in vitro OM digestibility (IVOMD), and by estimating fecal production using insoluble acid detergent fiber (IADF) as an indigestible marker. The four grasses consisted of bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum), limpograss (Hemarthria altissima), bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon), and stargrass (Cynodon spp.). Grass was harvested at two stages of maturity (approximately 4 and 10 wk). Forages were ground (5 to 10 cm) and offered to steers ad libitum. Forage treatments were assigned randomly to steers over eight 28-d periods and repeated over two consecutive years. Total forage offered and refused was determined during a 14-d sample collection period. For determination of fecal output, steers were placed into metabolism crates for 7 d. Composited samples of forage offered, forage refused, and feces of each steer at each period were analyzed for DM, OM, NDF, ADF, IADF, IVOMD, and CP. All digestibility results were calculated on an OM basis. There were year x grass x maturity interactions (P < 0.01) for all measures of forage quality, except CP. Increased maturity resulted in a 37.8% decrease (P < 0.001) in CP concentration when averaged across all forages. Four-week bermudagrass contained the greatest (P < 0.05) concentration of CP compared with all other grasses at both maturities, except 4-wk stargrass. Bahiagrass IVOMD did not differ among 4- and 10-wk maturities in both years; however, the IVOMD content of both stargrass and bermudagrass decreased (P < 0.05) when these forages matured from 4 to 10 wk. Apparent OM digestibility, determined by TFC, was greater (P < 0.05) than OM digestibility determined by IVOMD and IADF for all forages except bahiagrass, for which IADF did not differ from TFC. In Year 1, OM intake (OMI) of 10-wk limpograss was less (P < 0.05) than all other 4-wk forages. In Year 2, voluntary OMI of 10-wk limpograss was less (P < 0.05) than all grass x maturity combinations, except for 10-wk bermudagrass. These data suggest that important differences exist in changes in nutrient quality associated with increased maturity in tropical forages. Among the forages assessed in this study, bahiagrass seems to better retain nutrient quality when maturing from 4 to 10 wk. 相似文献
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对广益扁穗牛鞭草采用塑料袋进行青贮,通过使用不同厚度(0.6 mm、0.8 mm和1.0 mm)的聚乙烯薄膜和 不同的填装方法(压实和抽气),60 d后对青贮料进行品质鉴定,比较不同厚度薄膜和填装方法的优劣。结果表明,0.6 mm 规格不适于做青贮袋,0.8 mm、1.0 mm规格均适合;就抽气和压实而言,抽气由于工艺相对简单而效果较差,但压实过程 中由于力度难以掌握同样容易使塑料袋破损而导致青贮失败。 相似文献
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Extent and site of mineral release from six forage species incubated in mobile dacron bags 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A study was conducted to measure the extent of DM disappearance and mineral release from six forage species within the rumen, abomasum and intestines of the adult bovine using the mobile bag technique. Three nonlactating Holstein cows, fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas, were given ad libitum access to alfalfa hay. One gram (DM) of alfalfa, rhizoma peanut, dwarf elephantgrass, bahiagrass, bermudagrass, and limpograss was individually weighed into 8-cm x 3-cm dacron bags. After ruminal incubation for 24 h, bags were incubated in an acid-pepsin solution (a simulated abomasal environment) for 1 h, inserted into the duodenum via cannula, and collected in the feces upon excretion. Ruminal incubation accounted for 86% to 100% of total DM disappearance. Release of Ca from all forages was at least 65%, with the majority having extents of release of over 70%. Most Ca was released in the rumen, but acid-pepsin incubation and washing increased Ca release an additional 17 to 272%. Forages with the highest NDF concentration (bermuda, bahia, and limpograss) sequestered Ca in the intestines. Total tract P release ranged from 84 to 98%, with an average of 7.5 percentage units occurring postabomasally. Grasses released more P in the intestines than legumes. Eighty-eight to 98% of total Mg was released in the rumen. Acid-pepsin incubation increased Mg release only slightly, with some Mg being sequestered in the intestines. Potassium release was complete in the rumen. Ranking of minerals based on maximal extent of release was K greater than Mg greater than P greater than Ca. With the exception of K, legumes released more of their minerals than grasses. 相似文献
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本文对散养湘黄鸡在饲料营养方面进行了生产现状的调查与总结，指出了散养湘黄鸡进行饲料配合时必须考虑的因素；提供了商品肉鸡散养的几个日粮配方参考；并对散养湘黄鸡的营养要求与饲料配合技术提出了建议。 相似文献
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野生牧草金荞麦与贵州省推广牧草栽培效益比较试验初报 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
金荞麦Poyigonum cymosum是一种药饲兼用的贵州野生植物资源,通过金荞麦与贵州省目前主要推广牧草的田间试验比较,研究金荞麦和推广牧草资源的产量、品质和饲用的不同特点。试验初步认为:金荞麦是一种高产优质的牧草资源,其产量与菊苣Cichorium intybus相似,比一般推广牧草如苜蓿Medicagosativa等高出2~3倍。其粗蛋白含量与菊苣相似,接近苜蓿。金荞麦的适口性好,耐瘠抗劣性强,易繁殖成活,有较大的推广潜力。 相似文献
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五种高禾草在高寒地区旱作条件下的牧草产量分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对青海省牧草良种繁殖场所选育的5份材料;在干旱地区旱作条件下进行牧草生产性能分析试验。结果表明,供试材料产量间存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。其中,多叶老芒麦>无芒雀麦>粉绿披碱草>短芒老芒麦>扁穗冰草;所有供试材料在建植后,其牧草产量年际变幅较大,无芒雀麦变异系数相对最大。牧草产量的年际变化同时受生长季内的6～8月降水量的影响,但建植后则主要受生长年限的影响。就牧草适应性和稳产性而言,披碱草属的多叶老芒麦、粉绿披碱草最好;短芒老芒麦、扁穗冰草次之,而无芒雀麦虽表现高产,但稳产性最差。因此,在5种供试材料中除无芒雀麦外其它材料对我省高寒草地建设,退耕还草和生态治理工程的实施有一定的推广和利用价值。 相似文献