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1.
选取台湾释迦实生苗的不同部位为外植体进行离体培养与植株再生研究。结果表明：诱导台湾释迦愈伤组织的最佳外植体为下胚轴,最适愈伤组织诱导培养基为MS＋6．BA0．5mg／L＋2,4．D2mg／L;愈伤组织分化培养基为MS＋6．BA2mg／L＋NAA0．1mg／L;增殖培养基为MS＋6-BA0．5mg／L＋NAA0．1mg／L;生根培养基为1/2MS＋NAA0．2mg／L。 相似文献
2.
安祖花的离体培养及快速繁殖 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以安祖花（Anthurium andraeanum Lind)无菌苗叶，叶柄及茎段为外植体，在附加1mg/L的6－BA的改良MS培养基上经经光培养可诱导愈伤组织形成；在1／2MS＋NAA0.1mg/L 6-BA0.5mg/L的培养基上增殖其愈伤组织及诱导丛生芽；在1/2MS NAA0.05mg/L 6-BA0.5mg/L＋水解乳蛋白400mg/L上壮苗；在1／2MS＋NAA0.05mg/L 400mg/L活怀炭0．4％上生根，小苗移栽成活率高且生长良。 相似文献
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扎米叶的离体培养和快速繁殖 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以扎米叶的小叶片切块为外植体进行离体培养和快速繁殖试验。结果表明，外植体在MS＋6－BA2.0mg/L NAA0.2mg/L培养基中能诱导出愈伤组织，诱导率达86.7%；愈伤组织在MS＋6－BA15mg/L NAA0.1mg/L培养基中，不定芽分化率达315％，继代50d平均繁殖系数4.2；无根小苗在1／2MS＋6－BA1.0mg/L NAA0.5-1.0mg/L培养基中，生根率均达100%。有根苗移栽到混有30％珍珠岩的椰糠中，成活率达97%以上。采用此法可在短时间内繁殖大量种苗。 相似文献
4.
番木瓜叶片、叶柄胚性愈伤组织的诱导及其体胚植株的发生 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以“漳红”番木瓜组培苗的叶片和叶柄为外植体,在改良MS＋0．5mg／LKT＋1．0mg／L2,4-D＋0．5mg／L BA＋0．1mg／L NAA＋400mg／L Glu＋30g/L蔗糖的固体培养基上诱导出了胚性愈伤组织。其中,CⅡa型胚性愈伤在一定条件下能够继代增殖,并能向CⅡb型转变,CⅡb型胚性愈伤则容易发生体胚。采用两步生根法,将体胚再生植株先接种于1／2 MS＋0．5mg／L IBA＋1．0g/L AC＋30g／L蔗糖的固体培养基中暗培养7d后,转移至1／2 MS＋1．0g/L AC＋25μmol／L VB2＋30g/L蔗糖的固体培养基上光照培养,生根效果最好。移栽后,成活率可达45％以上。 相似文献
5.
以桂竹香花柄，花瓣，花丝为外植体，研究不同激素对诱导愈伤组织和不定芽的影响，研究结果表明，4种外植体均能形成愈伤组织，但愈伤组织的发生率，发生部位及形态等表现差异，花柄愈伤组织继代MS＋2，4－D＋BA培养基，可分化产生不定芽，出芽率78％－82％，再生小苗在1／2MS＋NAA 0．5mg/L培养基中生根形成再生植株。 相似文献
6.
以花生品种远杂9102成熟种胚发芽12d、4d的幼叶为外植体,对花生幼叶不定芽诱导制约因素进行了研究,结果表明,采用较高浓度的6-BA（8mg/L）、较低浓度的NAA（1mg/L）,不定芽诱导率可达70%以上。最佳诱导培养基为MS＋6-BA8mg/L＋NAA0.5mg/L＋AgNO32mg/L 最佳继代培养基为MS＋6-BA5mg/L＋NAA2mg/L＋AgNO32mg/L。同时试验发现种子预培养4d的幼叶不定芽诱导率较预培养12d的高 花生幼叶近叶柄基部切口处不定芽诱导率较高,是较理想的不定芽诱导部位。以远杂9102预培养2d的子叶作外植体,对愈伤组织诱导及分化进行试验,确定MS＋6-BA4.5mg/L＋2,4-D2.2mg/L为诱导愈伤的最佳培养基,愈伤组织诱导率达79.8%,最佳分化培养基为MS＋KT（0.15mg/L）。 相似文献
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以全盛球种仙人球的茎切段和整个子球为外殖体进行试管培养，结果表明，在外殖体的切口处可诱导形成愈伤组织，在其刺座上的疣突处可直接产生小球体，经试验筛选出最适宜的培养基为：不定芽（小球体诱导，MS＋6－BA 8mg/L KT 1mg/L NAA 0.1mg/L；从生芽分化和继代，MS＋6－BA 3．5mg/L KT 0.5mg/L NAA 0.1mg/L；生根，1／2MS＋NAA0．1mg/L IBA 0.1mg/L 活性炭0．5％。 相似文献
10.
良好的组织培养效果是提高植物基因转化效率的基础。以山东省近年来育成并大面积推广的10个优良品种（系）为材料，对这些品种的花药、幼穗、幼胚和成熟胚的组织培养效果进行研究，旨在筛选每一基因型最适合于组织培养的外植体类型，为应用基因工程技术进行小麦遗传改良提供基础材料。结果表明，禽伤诱导率和再生成苗率与基因型和外植体类型（花药、幼穗、幼胚和成熟胚）密切相关。8802在花药和成熟胚培养中表现突出，花药出愈率达119．5％，愈伤分化成苗率19．9％;烟农19的幼穗愈伤直接分化成苗率最高，这43．5％；8802、烟农19和潍麦8号三个基因型的幼胚培养效果差异不显著，其愈伤分化成苗率分别为26．3％、24．5％和24．8％。蔗糖浓度在3％～9％之间，对成熟胚的愈伤组织诱导率影响很小。高浓度蔗糖降低愈伤生长速度。在一定蔗糖浓度下，愈伤诱导率与2，4-D浓度密切相关，高浓度的2，4-D对愈伤组织再生不利。MS＋4mg／L2，4-D对于成熟胚的脱分化相对较好，MS和MS＋0．4mg／L NAA＋0．6mg／L KT作为成熟胚的愈伤组织再生培养基，对不同基因型具有一定的适用性。 相似文献
11.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
17.
Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
18.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
19.
Tovar LR Olivos M Gutierrez ME 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2008,63(4):189-194
Pulque is made by fermenting the agave sap or aguamiel of Agave atrovirens with a whole array of microorganisms present in the environment including several lactic acid bacteria and yeasts such as
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ascorbic acid was determined in pulque and aguamiel, respectively. Phytase activity in lees, liquid and freeze-dried pulque was assayed by measuring the appearance of phosphate from phytate by a colorimetric method likewise phosphate from phytate
present in fresh corn tortilla was measured after in vitro incubation with pulque. Iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium and selenium contents were measured in pulque and corn tortilla as well as in nixtamalized corn flour (NCF), the latter is used to make instant tortilla, since corn provides
most of the energy as well as most of the phytate in the Mexican rural diet. Pulque showed phytase activity but much less ascorbic acid and iron than previously reported; additionally, phytase in pulque hydrolyzed most of phytate’s corn tortilla. Lees, which is mostly made of pulque’s microbiota, significantly accumulated iron and zinc but no selenium. NCF was fortified with iron by the manufacturers but
poorly blended. There were significant differences on selenium content between tortillas samples, apparently some soils in
central Mexico are selenium deficient. Moderate pulque intake appears to increase the bioavailability of iron and zinc bound by phytate in corn. 相似文献
20.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献