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1.
主要存在于大麦糊粉层和盾片中的大麦 β -葡聚糖酶 (1,3- 1,4 - β -葡聚糖酶 )属于诱导酶 ,种子萌发期间受赤霉酸 (GA)诱导而激活。 1,3- 1,4 - β -葡聚糖酶和 1,3- β -葡聚糖酶基因是 β -葡聚糖酶基因家族中两类 ,这两类β -葡聚糖酶水解酶具有不同的特性和功能 ,它们与大麦的制啤和抗病密切相关 ,遗传工程将为大麦的品质改良和选育抗病品种提供新的机遇。 相似文献
2.
花生种子萌发过程中内源激素含量的变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国油料作物学报》2020,(5)
种子的休眠和萌发是植物生活史重要的两个环节,植物激素在其中起到关键的调节作用。本研究利用ELISA方法测定了弱休眠性花生品种Chico(CC)和强休眠性丰花1号(FH1)花生种子在萌发过程不同部位中脱落酸(ABA)、赤霉素(GA3)、油菜素内酯(BR)和吲哚乙酸(IAA)的含量。结果表明,FH1新鲜收获种子和干种子中不同部位ABA含量水平明显高于CC;吸水萌发过程中,两品种子叶中ABA含量和ABA/GA3比例变化趋势呈现明显差异,但两品种整体ABA含量及ABA/GA3比例随吸胀降低。研究表明,ABA在检测的三个部位中均发挥作用。萌发中后期,两品种子叶中GA3含量上升,表明GA3主要在子叶发挥作用。两品种IAA及BR含量在种子萌发过程变化趋势一致,它们主要在胚轴及胚根发挥作用。新鲜种子中IAA含量较高,吸胀后呈"波浪型"变化趋势,总体维持明显低于新鲜收获的种子中的水平;且FH1中IAA含量水平明显低于CC品种。萌发过程中两品种BR含量整体呈上升趋势,FH1的BR含量明显高于CC种子。总之,不同品种间内源激素含量水平存在差异,FH1中较高的ABA水平与其较强的休眠性有关;萌发过程中GA3、BR的提高和较低的IAA水平促进胚轴伸长及胚根生长。 相似文献
3.
烯效唑干拌种对小麦种子萌发后内源激素含量和物质代谢的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以小麦品种绵阳26为材料,研究了烯效唑干拌种对小麦种子萌发后内源激素含量和物质代谢的影响,旨在为利用烯效唑培育壮苗提供理论依据。结果表明,处理种子萌发后胚乳中赤霉素(GA)、脱落酸(ABA)含量为前期降低后期升高,生长素(IAA)、玉米素(ZT)含量与对照差异不大;胚芽中GA、IAA含量降低,ABA、ZT含量升高;胚根中GA、IAA、ZT含量降低,ABA含量为前期低于对照而后期高于对照。烯效唑处理后,α-淀粉酶活性受到抑制,使淀粉类贮藏物质降解缓慢,延长了淀粉的降解时间,有利于小麦由异养向自养过渡;蛋白酶活性得到提高,加快种子氮化物的水解,使可溶性蛋白质积累加快,有利于细胞结构的建成。 相似文献
4.
为了解盐渍化对甜瓜种子萌发的影响,本研究以甜瓜品种‘新银辉’为材料,采用NaCl和NaHCO3单独处理和复合处理模拟盐渍化,观测不同处理下甜瓜种子萌发情况以及生理生化指标的变化。结果表明:NaCl、NaHCO3、NaCl和NaHCO3复合处理模拟的盐渍化几乎都对甜瓜种子萌发产生了抑制作用,胁迫浓度越高,抑制作用越明显;仅低浓度（50 mmol/L）的NaCl表现出一定的促进作用。NaCl和NaHCO3复合处理后甜瓜种子萌发过程中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性随着处理时间增加,呈升-降-升的趋势;过氧化物酶（POD）活性先上升后下降;脯氨酸（Pro）含量持续上升;可溶性糖含量持续下降;丙二醛（MDA）含量始终显著高于蒸馏水对照;淀粉含量随着处理时间增加呈下降的趋势,α-淀粉酶活性和β-淀粉酶活性均呈先下降、后上升的趋势。模拟盐渍化明显抑制甜瓜种子的萌发和幼苗生长,保护酶活性、淀粉代谢在应对胁迫中起到了明显作用,研究结果有助于为甜瓜耐盐机制和设施栽培提供有益的参考。 相似文献
5.
以耐低温玉米品种吉单89与低温敏感型玉米品种吉单50为材料,研究在适温(25℃)与低温(10℃)条件下,种子萌发过程中内源激素、淀粉代谢以及氧化代谢和抗氧化酶活性的变化。结果表明,低温胁迫下,吉单89与吉单50发芽势较适温条件下分别降低3.6%和83.3%,萌发过程中丙二醛含量显著高于适温处理。不同类型品种比较发现,耐低温品种吉单89中GA含量、GA/ABA值以及α-淀粉酶和β-淀粉酶活性显著高于低温敏感型品种吉单50,MDA含量显著低于吉单50,抗氧化酶SOD、POD活性显著高于吉单50。耐低温玉米品种可以通过内源激素调节以及提高淀粉分解代谢共同提高低温萌发能力。 相似文献
6.
于 4 5℃制备麦芽汁时 ,从有酶活性和没有酶活性的粉碎麦芽中释放到麦芽汁里的 β -D -葡聚糖基准水平相近。当在 65℃糖化时 ,发现无论是用有酶活性的麦芽粉还是用没有酶活性的麦芽粉制备的麦芽汁里 ,β -D -葡聚糖含量水平都明显较高。总的说来 ,在糖化期间 ,在释放 β -D -葡聚糖方面 ,糖化温度可能比所谓 β-葡聚糖释放酶起着更为重要的作用。在这种情况下 ,应该把糖化期间β -D -葡聚糖的物理性释放与制麦过程中发生的 β-D -葡聚糖的酶释放和降解区别开来 相似文献
7.
为提高播种期花生抗寒性,明确壳寡糖（COS）浸种对低温条件下花生种子发芽及生理代谢的影响,测定COS浸种后种子发芽及相关生理指标。结果表明,与低温对照（CK）相比,COS（250 mg/L）浸种显著提高了低温下花生种子的发芽能力,发芽率和相对发芽率均增加了44.45个百分点、发芽指数和种子活力指数分别增加了5.59和24.83;COS浸种也显著提高了发芽过程中花生种子的赤霉素（GA）含量,降低了脱落酸（ABA）含量,发芽0、12、24、36、48 h的GA含量分别显著提高了7.94%、3.84%、8.52%、12.40%、19.20%,ABA含量分别显著降低了38.41%、36.99%、38.03%、41.20%、40.12%;同时,COS浸种提高了脂肪酶（LIP）、蛋白酶（PR）、α-淀粉酶（α-AMS）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性,增加了三磷酸腺苷（ATP）和可溶性糖（SS）、可溶性蛋白（SP）、脯氨酸（Pro）的含量,降低了丙二醛（MDA）和过氧化氢（H2O2）的含量。研究表明,COS通过调节低温下花生种子发芽初期的激素水平、提高水解酶活性,促进贮藏物质分解,并提高抗氧化物酶活性、增加渗透调节物质含量,减缓脂膜过氧化,促进种子萌发。 相似文献
8.
叶面镁营养促进妃子笑荔枝果皮着色的生理成因 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以妃子笑荔枝(Litchi chinensis Sonn.cv.Feizixiao)成年树为试材,探讨叶面Mg营养调节妃子笑荔枝果皮着色的效果及其初步原因。以叶面喷Mg为处理,以喷清水为对照(CK),分别在坐果后1 d(2013年5月5日)和8 d进行叶面喷肥处理,观测果皮着色、内源激素含量和相关关键酶活性的动态变化。在坐果后15 d,Mg处理的果皮h值最低和果肉可溶性糖含量最高,克服了果皮"滞绿"现象。在果实生长发育过程中,Mg处理与CK的果皮生长素(IAA)和乙烯(Eth)含量、叶绿素单加氧酶(Pa O)和叶绿素酶(Chlase)活性在同期间均无显著差异。在坐果后11 d后,Mg处理在果皮赤霉素(GA3)和脱落酸(ABA)含量及类黄酮糖基转移酶(UFGT)活性上均显著高于同期CK,并且Mg处理使果皮ABA/GA3(含量比)高于CK。Mg处理在坐果后15 d和18 d使其果皮花色素苷含量显著高于CK,而使其叶绿素含量与CK无显著差异。可见,Mg处理克服果皮"滞绿"现象归功于果皮花色素苷含量的升高,其可能通过提高ABA/GA3值,进而刺激UFGT活性升高,从而促进果皮花色素苷合成。 相似文献
9.
10.
胚乳裂纹对玉米种子萌发过程中保护酶活性的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
以玉米杂交种种子为试验材料,研究胚乳无裂纹、胚乳单裂纹、胚乳双裂纹和胚乳龟裂文种子在萌发过程中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）3种保护酶活性以及丙二醛（MDA）含量和细胞膜透性的变化规律。结果表明,随着种子萌发进程推进,其SOD、POD、CAT活性和细胞膜透性均呈逐步上升趋势,保护酶活性升高幅度表现为POD最大、CAT次之、SOD最小;不同胚乳裂纹类型种子在萌发过程中,其保护酶活性均表现为龟裂文种子 <双裂纹种子 <单裂纹种子 <无裂纹种子。种子萌发过程中其MDA含量呈逐步下降的变化趋势,并表现为龟裂文种子中MDA含量最高,双裂纹的种子次之,无裂纹的种子最低。说明胚乳裂纹对种子萌发代谢具有不利影响,在种子生产中应该减少胚乳裂纹产生。 相似文献
11.
REN Yan-fang HE Jun-yu WANG Xiao-feng 《水稻科学》2007,14(4):295-301
To investigate the relationships among β-mannanase, β-mannosidase and α-galactosidase required for degrading galactomannan in cell wall during and following rice seed germination, the activities of the three enzymes and the effects of ABA and GA3 on them were surveyed. The activities of β-mannosidase and α-galactosidase presented in dry and pre-germinated rice seeds, and increased slowly during and following germination. However, the activity of β-mannanase was detected only after germination. GA3 could promote the activities of β-mannanase and α-galactosidase. ABA had little effect on the activities of β-mannosidase and α-galactosidase, but it could seriously inhibit the activity of β-mannanase. 相似文献
12.
During germination of cereal grain, α-amylase formation is known to be inhibited by abscisic acid (ABA) and stimulated by gibberellins (GA). The role of these hormones in pre-maturity α-amylase (PMA) formation in wheat grains is less well understood. Our previous work with ABA and GA exogenously applied to grains demonstrated a clear stimulatory effect of GA, with little effect of ABA. Here, in glasshouse experiments, fluridone (ABA biosynthesis inhibitor; FD [20 μM]) or paclobutrazol (GA biosynthesis inhibitor; PB [20 μM]) were applied to intact, developing grains of the PMA-susceptible variety Rialto at 480 days after anthesis (DAA) to assess if a reduction in endogenous ABA and/or GA alters PMA formation. The experiments were conducted under non-PMA-inducing (ambient) and PMA-inducing (cold-shock) conditions. In solvent-only treated grains, a cold-shock significantly reduced the ABA content but increased GA and α-amylase activity. FD increased GA levels and α-amylase activity under ambient conditions, but decreased GA levels and α-amylase activity under cold-shock conditions, with no effect on ABA levels under either condition. PB had no effect under ambient conditions, but reduced GA levels and α-amylase under cold-shock conditions. These results indicate an association between GA levels at mid-grain development and PMA formation in wheat. 相似文献
13.
The effect of hydrogen peroxide (HP) and ozone (O3) treatment during barley steeping on the quality of malt produced from two barley varieties (GrangeR and AC Metcalfe) by micro-malting was investigated. The two steeping oxidation treatments that was observed to promote barley acrospire growth. Ozone treatment improved the malt enzyme activity of endo-protease, α-amylase, free beta-amylase and total limit dextrinase to differing extents, with GrangeR improving to a greater degree. HP treatment contributed to the increase of α-amylase, β-glucanase and endo-protease. Surprisingly, HP or ozone oxidation during malting resulted in different and novel outcomes for total beta-amylase in GrangeR and AC Metcalfe. In GrangeR, total beta-amylase activity reduced with respect to the control in both treatments. In comparison with AC Metcalfe there was a substantial increase of 78% with HP and 90% O3 in total beta-amylase activity. Malt quality including wort free amino nitrogen, β-glucan, turbidity and diastatic power was differentially increased by the oxidation induction treatment during steeping in malting. Gene expression analysis indicated that the effects of the steep oxidation treatments on enzyme and malt quality were putatively linked with the up-regulation of certain genes involved in GA synthesis (GA20ox1) and ABA catabolism (ABA8′OH). Barley grain germination assay results also showed that moderate HP induction could improve barley germination tolerance to the ABA effect. Malting including steep oxidation induction was shown to be beneficial to malt quality by improving the resultant wort quality and the efficiency of the beer brewing process. These observations point the way towards improving malt quality and the efficiency of the malting process. 相似文献
14.
以5个水稻品种4叶1心期的幼苗为材料,比较研究了1 μmol/L GA3和10 mg/L ABA处理对不同水稻品种生长发育、生理特性及基因表达的影响。结果表明,GA3处理能够促进水稻地上部分伸长生长,抑制根伸长生长;同时,5个品种叶片的叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白质含量和细胞膜透性呈上升趋势。10 mg/L ABA处理则严重抑制种子萌发和地上部伸长生长;5个品种叶片的叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白质含量和细胞膜透性则呈现下降趋势。 用RT PCR方法对GA20ox2和GA3ox2基因表达水平的变化进行检测,结果表明GA3处理后,日本晴GA20ox2基因表达略微下调,其余4个品种的GA20ox2基因表达上调。ABA处理抑制GA20ox2基因表达。GA3ox2基因表达也受GA3和ABA调控。在南粳44、关东194和日本晴中,GA3诱导GA3ox2表达,ABA显著抑制GA3ox2表达。性 相似文献
15.
脱落酸对水稻种子萌发的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以3种水稻种子培两优288、R402、LP04为材料,用不同浓度外源脱落酸(ABA)作浸种处理,研究其对水稻种子萌发的影响.结果表明:低浓度ABA(10mg/L)对水稻种子LP04的萌发具有促进作用,20～90mg/L的高浓度ABA对水稻种子的萌发具有明显的抑制作用.结合水稻种子萌发过程中可溶性糖含量、α-淀粉酶活性和内源植物激素等生理指标的检测结果表明,20～50mg/L的ABA能有效抑制水稻种子的萌发,可作为外源ABA在水稻种子储藏中使用的参考浓度. 相似文献
16.
杂交粳稻屉优418及其亲本灌浆期叶片内源激素含量变化与衰老之间的关系 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以杂交水稻屉优418及其亲本屉锦和C418为材料,研究了生育后期叶片内源激素含量变化与衰老之间的关系。结果表明杂交水稻及其亲本剑叶中ABA、GA1/3、ZR和IAA含量变化趋势基本一致。3个材料的（GA1/3+ZR+IAA）/ABA的比值变化总的趋势也基本相同,前期较平稳,后期比值迅速下降。在生育后期,屉优418和C418的（GA1/3+ZR+IAA）/ABA比值下降速率较慢,与衰老相对较慢一致;而屉锦的（GA1/3+ZR+IAA）/ABA比值下降速率较快,与其衰老较快相一致。 相似文献
17.
ABA对水分胁迫下水稻籽粒灌浆的调节 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
利用水平分根系统研究了水稻抽穗后水分胁迫条件下ABA对水稻品种汕优63叶片光合特性、糖代谢和籽粒灌浆过程的调节。当一半根系受干旱胁迫时，叶片的水势和相对含量变化很小，但叶片和籽粒内ABA的含量显著增加。整个根系受干旱胁迫时，叶片的水势和相对含水量随着胁迫的增加而显著地降低，ABA含量则显著增加。半干和全干处理的水稻叶片的光合速率和RuBP羧化酶／氧化酶（Rubisco）的活性显著下降。叶片内蔗糖和淀粉的积累和代谢与叶片内ABA的含量和水分状况存在密切的关系，低浓度的ABA和高的叶水势与高的蔗糖积累和蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性相一致，但当叶片ABA的浓度增加时，即使叶片的水势与对照相似，叶片的蔗糖和淀粉积累以及蔗糖磷酸合成酶的活性则显著地下降，叶片的α－和β－淀粉酶活性似与ABA和水分状况关系不密切。ABA对籽粒灌浆有显著的抑制作用，ABA对籽粒灌浆的抑制作用至少部分与其对催化水稻籽粒内蔗糖代谢和淀粉积累的关键酶蔗糖合成酶的抑制有关。另外，干旱处理对叶片光合速率和蔗糖与淀粉积累的抑制程度显著高于半干旱处理，说明干旱本身也对这些过程有直接的效应。根据这些结果，作者认为，当水稻遇到干旱胁迫时，ABA对其光合作用、糖代谢以及籽粒的发育过程都有极其显著的调节作用。还就ABA对这些生理过程调节的可能性进行了讨论 相似文献
18.
为了解不同山茶属植物花粉的生理特性,找到最佳的萌发时间和萌发条件,以便为提高杂交育种工作效率、合理搭配杂交组合提供有益借鉴。本研究以浙江红花油茶、越南油茶、山茶、小果油茶4种山茶属植物为材料,分别统计其单花雄蕊数及花粉粒数,并重点比较了3种不同植物激素6-BA、GA3、ABA处理对花粉萌发及花粉管生长的影响。结果表明,不同山茶属植物花粉萌发及花粉管生长最适宜的激素及最佳浓度各不相同,其中：（1）最适宜浙江红花油茶、越南油茶、山茶、小果油茶花粉萌发的激素处理依次为10 mg/L 6-BA、0.5 mg/L 6-BA、5 mg/L GA3和10 mg/L GA3;（2）最适宜4种山茶属植物花粉管生长的激素处理依次为75 mg/L GA3、4 mg/L ABA、125 mg/L GA3和10 mg/L GA3;（3）4种山茶花初花期、盛花期、末花期花粉萌发率逐渐上升,其中浙江红花油茶三个时期花粉的萌发率均为4种植物中最高。 相似文献
19.
FANJin-juan LIXue-mei XUZheng-jin ZHANGLi-jun 《水稻科学》2004,11(4):200-204
A major problem in hybrid rice production is the occurrence of leaf senescence during the grain filling stage that can result in reduction of yield. Changes in contents of several endogenous hormones are related to leaf senescence. The relationship between endogenous hormones and leaf senescence in the rice hybrid Tiyou 418 and its parents Tijin and C418, was undertaken for investigation. Indicators of leaf senescence, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and chlorophyll content, as well as the contents of abscisic acid (ABA), zeatin riboside (ZR), gibberellin (GA1/3) and auxin (IAA) in the leaves were determined. Different rates of leaf senescence were observed in the three materials. Senescence occurred earliest and fastest in Tijin, followed by Tiyou 418 and then C418. A similar trend was recorded in ABA, ZR, and IAA contents during the grain filling stage in the three materials. Changes in (GA1/3 ZR IAA)/ABA ratios were also similar, being quite stable during the early stage of leaf senescence, and decreasing markedly during the late stage. The ratio declined more dramatically in Tijin, in accordance with its faster leaf senescence. The results suggest that the ratio of (GA1/3 ZR IAA)/ABA regulates chlorophyll content, SOD activity, MDA content and membrane lipid peroxidation. It is postulated that endogenous hormones may play a role in the regulation of leaf senescence in a systematic way. 相似文献
20.
Relationship Between Changes in Leaf Endogenous Hormone Contents and Senescence During Grain Filling Stage of a Rice Hybrid and its Parents 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A major problem in hybrid rice production is the occurrence of leaf senescence during the grain filling stage that can result in reduction of yield. Changes in contents of several endogenous hormones are related to leaf senescence. The relationship between endogenous hormones and leaf senescence in the rice hybrid Tiyou 418 and its parents Tijin and C418, was undertaken for investigation. Indicators of leaf senescence, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and chlorophyll content, as well as the contents of abscisic acid (ABA), zeatin riboside (ZR), gibberellin (GA1/3) and auxin (IAA) in the leaves were determined. Different rates of leaf senescence were observed in the three materials. Senescence occurred earliest and fastest in Tijin, followed by Tiyou 418 and then C418. A similar trend was recorded in ABA, ZR, and IAA contents during the grain filling stage in the three materials. Changes in (GA1/3 ZR IAA)/ABA ratios were also similar, being quite stable during the early stage of leaf senescence, and decreasing markedly during the late stage. The ratio declined more dramatically in Tijin, in accordance with its faster leaf senescence. The results suggest that the ratio of (GA1/3 ZR IAA)/ABA regulates chlorophyll content, SOD activity, MDA content and membrane lipid peroxidation. It is postulated that endogenous hormones may play a role in the regulation of leaf senescence in a systematic way. 相似文献